FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention discloses a backup system to provide telephone service for a subscriber in a wideband communications link layer interface between various digital networks and new wideband local loop systems connecting subscribers. More particularly it relates to such a system in which such local loops employ metal conductors as the medium for such wideband local loops.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As deregulation of the telephone industry continues and as companies prepare to enter the local telephone access market, there is a need to offer new and innovative services that distinguish common carriers from their competitors. This cannot be accomplished without introducing new local access network architectures that will be able to support these new and innovative services.

Conventionally, customer premises telephone and/or data connections contain splitters for separating analog voice calls from other data services such as Ethernet transported over digital subscriber line (DSL) modems. Voice band data and voice signals are sent through a communications switch in a central or local office to an interexchange carrier or Internet service provider. DSL data is sent through a digital subscriber loop asynchronous mode (DSLAM) switch which may include a router. The DSLAM switch connects many lines and routes the digital data to a telephone company's digital switch.

A major problem with this configuration is that interexchange carriers attempting to penetrate the local telephone company's territory must lease trunk lines from the local telephone company switch to the interexchange company's network for digital traffic. Furthermore, the Internet service provider must lease a modem from the local phone company in the DSLAM switch and route its data through the local phone company's digital switch. Thus, the local phone company leases and/or provides a significant amount of equipment, driving up the cost of entry for any other company trying to provide local telephone services and making it difficult for the interexchange companies to differentiate their services. Furthermore, since DSL modem technology is not standardized, in order to ensure compatibility, the DSL modem provided by the local telephone company must also be provided to the end user in the customer premises equipment (CPE). Additionally, since the network is not completely controlled by the interexchange companies, it is difficult to for the interexchange companies to provide data at committed rates. Any performance improvements implemented by the interexchange companies may not be realized by their customers, because the capabilities of the local telephone company equipment may or may not meet their performance needs. Thus, it is difficult for the interexchange companies to convince potential customers to switch to their equipment or to use their services. These factors ensure the continued market presence of the local telephone company.

As part of this system, there is a need for improved architectures, services and equipment utilized to allow the interexchange companies to offer more products and services to customers. DSL technology, one type of communication system that can use conventional twisted pair wiring, for which a large infrastructure is in place, holds the promise of providing high bandwidth communication into any telephone subscriber's home or business. However, such high throughput subscriber links require properly functioning systems at both ends of the subscriber link. The possibility of a power outage or equipment failure is always present. The prior art does not adequately address the problem of providing backup service for such high speed links.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to provide an improved network, it is desirable for the interexchange companies to have access to at least one of the twisted-pair lines connecting each of the individual users to the local telephone network before the lines are routed through the conventional local telephone network equipment. It is preferable to have access to these lines prior to the splitter and modem technology offered by the local service providers. By having access to the twisted-pair wires entering the customer's premises, interexchange companies can offer better services by providing higher bandwidth, improving the capabilities of the customer premises equipment, and lowering overall system costs to the customer by enhancing competition between local exchange carriers and interexchange carriers.

The new architecture may utilize a video phone and/or other devices to provide new services to an end user; an intelligent services director (ISD) disposed near the customer's premises for multiplexing and coordinating many digital services onto a single twisted-pair line; a facilities management platform (FMP) disposed in the local telephone network's central office for routing data to an appropriate interexchange company network; and a network server platform (NSP) coupled to the FMP for providing new and innovative services to the customer and for distinguishing services provided by the interexchange companies from those services provided by the local telephone network.

As part of this system, one aspect of the invention provides a so-called FMP which provides a link between the local loop to the customer premises ISD (which may also be located remotely from the customer premises) and the interexchange company network.

Briefly, in summary, a subscriber link to a central office which employs data compression, forward error correction, and advanced modulation techniques and to connect subscribers to multiple communications networks to provide an array of services. A device provides normal telephone service in the event of an equipment failure. At the subscriber end, a server called an intelligent services director (ISD) provides multiple independent connections for telephones which ordinarily connect to multiple access virtual circuits generated on the subscriber link over a twisted pair. A device called a facilities management platform (FMP) at the central office end of the link, among other things, provides interfacing of the subscriber link to various networks including a digital subscriber loop (DLC) and packet switched networks. Ordinarily telephones connected to the ISD require power and correctly functioning modems and controllers in the ISD and the FMP to have access to the outside world. A fail-safe mechanism, however allows at least one chosen phone to function in the event of a failure. The chosen phone must be capable of pulse or DTMF dialing. The connection through which it operate can be switched directly to the twisted pair media connecting to the FMP. At the FMP, the twisted pair is switched to tie the connection directly to a line card of the DLC.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing summary of the invention, as well as the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included by way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard to the claimed invention.

In the drawing,

FIG. 1

illustrates an embodiment of a hybrid fiber twisted pair local loop architecture.

FIG. 2

is a block diagram of an embodiment of an intelligent services director consistent with the architecture shown in FIG.

1

.

FIGS. 3A and 3B

illustrate an embodiment of a video phone consistent with the architecture shown in FIG.

1

.

FIG. 4A

is a block diagram of an embodiment of a facilities management platform consistent with the architecture shown in FIG.

1

.

FIG. 4B

illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a network server platform consistent with the architecture shown in FIG.

1

.

FIG. 5

illustrates life line components of the ISD.

FIG. 6

illustrates life line components of the FMP.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description provides an overview of how the primary subject of this application, a life-line support system, fits into an overall network architecture. Referring to

FIG. 1

, a first exemplary communication network architecture employing a hybrid fiber, twisted-pair (HFTP) local loop

1

architecture is shown. An intelligent services director (ISD)

22

may be coupled to a central office

34

via a twisted-pair wire

30

, a connector block

26

, and/or a main distribution frame (MDF)

28

. The ISD

22

and the central or local office

34

may communicate with each other using, for example, framed, time division, frequency-division, synchronous, asynchronous and/or spread spectrum formats, but in exemplary embodiments uses DSL modem technology. The central office

34

preferably includes a facilities management platform (FMP)

32

for processing data exchanged across the twisted-pair wire

30

. The FMP

32

may be configured to support plain old telephone service (POTS) by handling voice signals digitized by the ISD

22

in various ways. Voice data can be multiplexed directly onto the digital backplane of a PSTN or modified digital loop carrier or it can be formatted for transmission directly on a digital (for example, interexchange) network which may be optical or ATM. Ultimately voice data may be received by a remote PSTN

46

and transmitted to a called party or through a remote FMP

32

to the called party. Demodulation of the subscriber link signal (e.g., DSL) is handled by a, for example, tethered virtual radio channel (TVRC) modem (shown in FIG.

4

A). Non-voice data may be output to a high speed backbone network (e.g., a fiber-optic network) such as an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching network.

The FMP

32

may process data and/or analog/digitized voice between customer premise equipment (CPE)

10

and any number of networks. For example, the FMP

32

may be interconnected with a synchronous optical network (SONET)

42

for interconnection to any number of additional networks such as an InterSpan backbone

48

, the PSTN

46

, a public switch switching network (e.g. call setup SS7-type network

44

), and/or a network server platform (NSP)

36

. Alternatively, the FMP

32

may be directly connected to any of these networks. One or more FMPs

32

may be connected directly to the high speed backbone network (e.g., direct fiber connection with the SONET network

42

) or they may be linked via a trunk line (e.g., trunks

40

or

42

) to one or more additional networks. FMP

32

may also interconnect with other FMP

32

units to limit traffic on other network facilities for calls destined for nearby FWPs

32

. Moreover, calls between two subscribers linked to the same FMP

32

may communicate through the FMP

32

without being linked to any of the other network facilities. In addition, the FMP

32

may provide internal caching to limit the burden on the external network facilities. For example, a movie might be cached during certain time of the day if one particular movie is being requested by many subscribers at around the same time.

Although the possibly massive demands of a cache for user data may make it economically unfeasible to cache data such as movies, the FMP

32

would, preferably, have an internal memory or other data storage that would contain information about each subscriber to which it is linked. For example, a subscriber may not subscribe to all the services the FMP

32

makes available. For example, one subscriber might want its calls, where possible, handled by the interexchange carrier by directly routing them through one of the digital networks (e.g., ATM) owned by the interexchange carrier or other owner of the FMP

32

. Another subscriber may prefer to go through the local phone company through the modified DLC

87

for at least some calls depending on the pricing and features offered by the competing carriers. This data is preferably stored on such an internal storage at the FMP

32

. Such data could be updated by the NSP

46

as required. Storing such data, aside from saving bandwidth of external networks, will also speed the handling of calls.

The NSP

36

may provide a massive cache storage for various information that may be provided across the SONET net

42

to the FMP

32

and out to the ISD

22

. The NSP

36

and the FMP

32

may collectively define an access network server complex

38

. The NSP

36

may be interconnected with multiple FMPs

32

. Furthermore, each FMP

32

may interconnect with one or more ISDs

22

. The NSP

36

may be located anywhere but is preferably located in a point-of-presence facility. The NSP

36

may further act as a gateway to, for example, any number of additional services. The major tasks of the NSP

46

is to handle connection management, act as an application launcher and provide operations administration maintenance & provisioning.

The ISD

22

may be interconnected to various devices such as a videophone

130

, other digital phones

18

, set-top devices, computers, and/or other devices comprising the customer premise equipment

10

. The customer premise equipment

10

may individually or collectively serve as a local network computer at the customer site. Applets may be downloaded from the NSP

36

into some or all of the individual devices within the customer premise equipment

10

. Where applets are provided by the NSP

36

, the programming of the applets may be updated such that the applets are be continually configured to the latest software version by the interexchange carrier. In this way, the CPE

10

may be kept up to date by simply reloading updated applets. In addition, certain applets may be resident on any of the CPE

10

. These resident applets may be periodically reinitialized by simply sending a request from, for example, a digital phone

18

and/or a videophone

130

to the FMP

32

and thereafter to the NSP

36

for reinitialization and downloading of new applets. To ensure wide spread availability of the new features made possible by the present architecture, the customer premise equipment may be provided to end users either at a subsidized cost or given away for free, with the cost of the equipment being amortized over the services sold to the user through the equipment.

Referring to

FIG. 2

, the ISD

22

may connect with a variety of devices including analog and digital voice telephones

15

,

18

; digital videophones

130

, devices for monitoring home security, meter reading devices (not shown), utilities devices (not shown), facsimile devices

16

, personal computers

14

, and/or other digital or analog devices. Some or all of these devices may be connected with the ISD

22

via any suitable mechanism such as a single and/or multiple twisted-pair wires and/or a wireless connection. For example, a number of digital devices may be multi-dropped on a single twisted-pair connection. Similarly, analog phones and other analog devices may be multi-dropped using conventional techniques.

The ISD

22

may be located within the home/business or mounted exterior to the home/business. The ISD

22

may operate from electrical power supplied by the local or central office

34

and/or from the customer's power supplied by the customer's power company. Where the ISD

22

includes a modem, it may be desirable to power the ISD

22

with supplemental power from the home in order to provide sufficient power to enable the optimal operation of the modem.

As shown in

FIG. 2

, in some embodiments the ISD

22

may include a controller

100

which may have any of a variety of elements such as a central processing unit

102

, a DRAM

103

, an SRAM

104

, a ROM

105

and/or an internet protocol (IP) bridge router

106

connecting the controller

100

to a system bus

111

. The system bus

111

may be connected with a variety of network interface devices

110

. The network interface devices

110

may be variously configured to include an integrated services digital network (ISDN) interface

113

, an Ethernet interface

119

(e.g.,), an IEEE 1394 “fire wire” interface

112

(e.g., for digital a videodisc device (DVD)), a digital subscriber line (DSL) modem interface

114

(e.g., for TVRC modem), a residential interface

114

, (e.g., standard POTS phone systems such as tip ring), a business interface

116

(e.g., a T1 line and/or PABX interface), a radio frequency (RF) audio/video interface

120

(e.g., a cable television connection), and a cordless phone interface

123

(e.g., a 900 MHZ transceiver). Connected to one of the network interfaces and/or the system bus

111

may be any number of devices such as an audio interface

122

(e.g., for digital audio, digital telephones, digital audio tape (DAT) recorders/players, music for restaurants, MIDI interface, DVD, etc.), a digital phone

121

, a videophone/user interface

130

, a television set-top device

131

and/or other devices. Where the network interface is utilized, it may be desirable to use, for example, the IEEE 1394 interface

112

and/or the Ethernet interface

119

.

The ISD

22

may be variously configured to provide any number of suitable services. For example, the ISD

22

may offer high fidelity radio channels by allowing the user to select a particular channel and obtaining a digitized radio channel from a remote location and outputting the digital audio, for example, on audio interface

122

, video phone

130

, and/or digital phones

121

. A digital telephone may be connected to the audio interface

122

such that a user may select any one of a number of digital radio channels by simply having the user push a channel button on the telephone and have the speaker phone output particular channels. The telephone may be preprogramed to provide the radio channels at a particular time, such as a wake up call for bedroom mounted telephone, or elsewhere in the house. The user may select any number of services on the video phone and/or other user interface such as a cable set-top device. These services may include any number of suitable services such as weather, headlines in the news, stock quotes, neighborhood community services information, ticket information, restaurant information, service directories (e.g., yellow pages), call conferencing, billing systems, mailing systems, coupons, advertisements, maps, classes, Internet, pay-per-view (PPV), and/or other services using any suitable user interface such as the audio interface

122

, the video phone/user interface

130

, digital phones,

121

and/or another suitable device such as a settop

131

.

In further embodiments, the ISD

22

may be configured as an IP proxy server such that each of the devices connected to the server utilize transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) protocol. This configuration allows any device associated with the ISD

22

to access the Internet via an IP connection through the FMP

32

. Where the ISD

22

is configured as an IP proxy server, it may accommodate additional devices that do not support the TCP/IP protocol. In this embodiment, the ISD

22

may have a proprietary or conventional interface connecting the ISD

22

to any associated device such as to the set top box

131

, the personal computer

14

, the video telephone

130

, the digital telephone

18

, and/or some other end user device.

In still further embodiments, the ISD

22

may be compatible with multicast broadcast services where multicast information is broadcast by a central location and/or other server on one of the networks connected to the FMP

32

, e.g., an ATM-switched network. The ISD

22

may download the multicast information via the FMP

32

to any of the devices connected to the ISD

22

. The ISD

22

and/or CPE

10

devices may selectively filter the information in accordance with a specific customer user's preferences. For example, one user may select all country music broadcasts on a particular day while another user may select financial information. The ISD

22

and/or any of the CPE

10

devices may also be programmed to store information representing users' preferences and/or the received uni-cast or multicast information in memory or other storage media for later replay. Thus, for example, video clips or movies may be multicast to all customers in the community with certain users being preconfigured to select the desired video clip/movie in real time for immediate viewing and/or into storage for later viewing.

Referring to

FIG. 3A

, a videophone

130

may include a touch screen display

141

and soft keys

142

around the perimeter of the display

141

. The display may be responsive to touch, pressure, and/or light input. Some or all of the soft keys

142

may be programmable and may vary in function depending upon, for example, the applet being run by the videophone

130

. The function of each soft key may be displayed next to the key on the display

141

. The functions of the soft keys

142

may also be manually changed by the user by pressing scroll buttons

143

. The videophone

130

may also include a handset

144

(which may be connected via a cord or wireless connection to the rest of the videophone and/or directly to the ISD), a keypad

150

, a video camera

145

, a credit card reader

146

, a smart card slot

147

, a microphone

149

, a motion and/or light detector

148

, built-in speaker(s)

155

, a printer/scanner/facsimile

152

, and/or external speakers

154

(e.g., stereo speakers). A keyboard

153

and/or a postage scale

151

may also be connected to the videophone

130

. Any or all of the above-mentioned items may be integrated with the videophone unit itself or may be physically separate from the videophone unit. A block diagram of the video phone unit is shown in FIG.

3

B. Referring to

FIG. 3B

, in addition to the items above, the video phone

130

may also include a signal processor

171

, high speed interface circuitry

172

, memory

173

, power supply

174

, all interconnected via a controller

170

.

When the videophone

130

is used as a video telephone, the display

141

may include one or more video window(s)

160

for viewing a person to whom a user is speaking and/or showing the picture seen by the person on the other end of the video phone. The display may also include a dialed-telephone-number window

161

for displaying the phone number dialed, a virtual keypad

162

, virtual buttons

163

for performing various telephone functions, service directory icons

165

, a mail icon

164

, and/or various other service icons

166

which may be used, for example, for obtaining coupons or connecting with an operator. Any or all of these items may be displayed as virtual buttons and/or graphic icons and may be arranged in any combination. Additionally, any number of other display features may be shown on the video phone in accordance with one or more of the applications incorporated by reference below.

Referring to

FIG. 4A

, the FMP

32

may coordinate the flow of data packets, separate voice signals from other signals, perform line monitoring and switching functions, and/or convert between analog and digital signals. The FMP

32

may process data sent from the CPE

10

to the central or local office

34

by separating and reconstructing analog voice signals, data, and control frames. The FMP

32

may process data sent from the central or local office

34

to the CPE

10

by separating control messages from user information, and configure this information into segments for transport across the digital subscriber loop. The FMP

32

may also terminate all link layers associated with the digital subscriber loop.

In some embodiments, the FMP

32

may include an access module

70

and a digital loop carrier

87

. The access module

70

may include a line protector

71

, a cross-connector

73

, a plurality of TVRC modems

80

, a plurality of digital filters

82

, a controller multiplexer

84

, and/or a router and facilities interface

86

. The digital loop carrier

87

may include a plurality of line cards

96

, a time domain multiplexing (TDM) multiplexer (MUX)

88

, a TDM bus

90

, a controller

92

, and/or a facilities interface

94

.

During normal operations, digital signals on the subscriber lines

30

(e.g., twisted-pair lines) containing both voice and data may be received by the TVRC modems

80

via the line protector

71

and the cross-connector

73

. Preferably, the line protector

71

includes lightning blocks for grounding power surges due to lightning or other stray voltage surges. The TVRC modems

80

may send the digital voice and/or data signals to the controller multiplexer

84

and the digital filters

82

. The digital filters

82

may separate the voice signals from the digital data signals, and the controller multiplexer

84

may then multiplex the voice signals and/or data signals received from the digital filters

82

. The controller multiplexer

84

may then send multiplexed voice signals to the TDM MUX

88

and the data signals to the router and facilities interface

86

for transmission to one or more external networks. The TDM MUX

88

may multiplex the voice signals from the controller multiplexer

84

and/or send the voice signals to the TDM bus

90

, which may then send the digital voice signals to the controller

92

and then to the facilities interface

94

for transmission to one or more external networks. Alternatively, voice data may be repackaged by controller & multiplexer

84

for application directly to any of various digital networks without going through modified DLC

87

. Both the router and facilities interface

86

and the facilities interface

94

may convert between electrical signals and optical signals when a fiber optic link is utilized.

When there is a failure of the digital data link (e.g., if there is a failure of the TVRC modems

80

at the FMP

32

or the TVRC modem

114

at the ISD

22

), only analog voice signals might be sent over the subscriber lines

30

. In such a case, the analog voice signals may be directly routed to the line cards

96

, bypassing the TVRC modems

80

, the digital filters

82

, the controller multiplexer

84

, and the TDM MUX

88

. Thus, voice communication is ensured despite a failure of the digital data link. The line cards

96

may convert the analog voice signals into digital format (e.g., TDM format) and send the digitized voice data onto the TDM bus

90

and eventually through the controller

92

and the facilities interface

94

for transmission to one or more external networks.

Referring to

FIG. 4B

, the NSP

36

may be variously configured to provide any number of services provided by a server such as information services, Internet services, pay-per-view movie services, data-base services, commercial services, and/or other suitable services. In the embodiment shown in

FIG. 4B

, the NSP

36

includes a router

185

having a backbone

180

(e.g., a fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) backbone) that interconnects a management server

182

, an information/database server

183

, and/or one or more application server clusters

184

. The NSP

36

may be connected via the router

185

by a link

181

to one or more external networks, NSPs

36

, and/or an FMPs

32

. The information/data base server

183

may perform storage and/or database functions. The application server cluster

184

may maintain and control the downloading of applets to the ISD

22

. The NSP

36

may also include a voice/call processor

186

configured to handle call and data routing functions, set-up functions, distributed operating system functions, voice recognition functions for spoken commands input from any of the ISD connected devices as well as other functions.

Referring again to

FIGS. 1 and 4A

, as mentioned, the FMP

32

serves a link-layer termination for the high-speed subscriber data link, for example, a DSL link between the ISD

22

at a customer premise and the digital network of an interexchange carrier (shown in FIG.

1

). The FMP

32

communicates with the ISD

22

, receiving signaling data, user data, and voice data over (preferably) a high speed DSL link. The signaling data tells the FMP

32

how to handle (route) the voice and user data. There are two major routing alternatives, to route as a normal call through the modified DLC

87

or to route directly through the interexchange carrier network by converting the user and voice data directly from the format of the subscriber link to the format of the interexchange carrier network used. In the latter case, a dialogue between the FMP

32

and the NSP

46

may be established to inform the NSP

46

that a call is impending or terminated and to request that it allocate or deallocate bandwidth of the network accordingly. The following is a detailed description of the elements of a preferred embodiment of the FMP

32

.

FMP

32

receives digital data over a twisted pair connection (preferred, but could be any other medium) which terminates at a line protection block

71

. In an embodiment, the FMP

32

supports DSL communication with the ISD

22

. The termination to which twisted pair wiring connects the ISD

22

with the FMP

32

is responsible for terminating the DSL link. This includes providing Borscht as well as DSL modem functions.

During normal operation the DSL Facilities Termination subsystem is responsible for providing over-voltage protection. This is the same as in a convention wire termination. In addition, the FMP

32

includes DSL modems or TVRC modems

80

to convert analog symbols to digital data and vice versa. These techniques are described in the literature and applications incorporated by reference in the present application.

Another function of the FMP

32

is to provide in-service testing/monitoring of the ISD facility. This aspect stems from the fact that the FMP

32

stands in the shoes of the DLC it supplements.

On the network side of the modems, data must be framed before being modulated to be transmit over the DSL link. Other preparations include encoding for forward error correction (for data not suited to retransmission such as voice data) and interleaving (to reduce drastic effects of impulsive noise or fading).

The final output of the termination/modem subsystem is a stream of DSL frames containing higher-layer protocol data. In the CPE-to-network direction. The controller & multiplexer

84

processes the DSL frames it receives from the Facilities Termination subsystem to terminate any link layers associated with the DSL segment of the connection, (in an embodiment) re-construct (e.g. IPv6) packets from the DSL frames, and separate (IP) packets containing voice, data, and signaling (call-routing or data routing) information.

In an embodiment of the invention, for purposes of transmitting voice data directly from an external digital network (as opposed to through modified DLC

87

) data containing voice (for example, in voice-packets) are delivered by the controller & multiplexer

84

to a packet-to-circuit translation subsystem (not shown separately) by an internal network system (also not shown separately). User data packets are delivered to/from the external networks (which can be interexchange carrier networks or any other external network) and signaling packets to/from the subscriber signaling subsystem of the external network where user data or voice data are routed directly as packets or to/from controller

92

where user or voice data are routed through modified DLC

87

.

In the network-to-CPE direction, the controller & multiplexer

84

processes the packets it receives from all subscriber signaling and external routing subsystems. This involves multiplexing (at the packet level) voice, data and subscriber signaling packets bound for a single DSL link. It also involves mapping packets onto DSL frames, and terminating the FMP-side of any link layers associated with the DSL link. Packets traveling in the network-to-CPE direction are sent directly to the DSL termination for delivery to ISD

22

.

For purposes of transferring data between its subsystems, such as within the controller & multiplexer

84

, voice, data, and signaling packets are transported via an internal routing system (not shown separately) that is at least logically, and perhaps physically also, distinct from the external networks with which the FMP

32

communicates. This is useful for reliability, security, and availability reasons.

In

FIG. 4A

, various elements of the FMP

32

, which could be on a single plug-in card that accommodates terminations for four subscribers lines, are shown. Each of the four subscribers can be connected to a respective (any) one of five TVRC modems

80

(TVRC or DSL preferred, but could be any type of digital modem) via a cross-connector switch. In the event of a failure of one of modems the ISD

22

indicated by, for example, irregular communications detected in controller & multiplexer

84

or controller

92

, cross connector

73

will switch the subscriber from the suspected bad TVRC modem to a spare one of the five TVRC modems

80

. The FMP

32

could employ failure indicators (not shown) to advise maintenance personnel that a modem has been switched out and that it should be replaced. TVRC modems

80

are high speed digital modems with the ability to transmit and receive data at rates of 1 Mbit or more using advanced modulation, error-correction coding, and data compression techniques. These are preferred known technologies and are described in other references including some of the copending applications incorporated by reference in the present application. No particular technology or technique is identified with modems

80

and more advanced technologies may be employed with the present invention.

Referring now also to

FIGS. 4

a

and

5

, a lifeline may be provided for continuous telephone service in the event of a power failure at the CPE

10

. The lifeline may be utilized to connect the ISD

22

to the local telecommunications company's modified DLC

87

, for example in the FMP

32

located in the central office

34

. The five modem connections to the cross connector

73

are switchable to respective connections to five line cards to provide telephone service (life line service) in the event that the ISD

22

becomes inoperative. In a conventional digital loop carrier (as opposed to modified DLC

87

) the line cards connect over twisted pairs to POTs to interface the digital backplane

90

and the analog POTs. In the modified DLC

87

, they serve the same purpose when the line card is switched-in and the TVRC modem switched-out due to failure of a connected ISD

22

. That is, the line cards serve as the terminations of the analog phone lines providing power to the telephones via a battery, supplying the ringing voltage power, out of service testing and supervision of the subscriber terminal as well as interfacing the digital communications on the TDM backplane

90

to the analog system of the calling/called POT. Thus, in the event of failure of an ISD

22

, the FMP, for that particular line, acts like a conventional DLC because the entire access module

70

and its features and the modified aspects of the DLC

87

are bypassed. In the event of a failure at the customer premises, battery supply to the subscriber line, out-of-service testing, ringing voltage supply, and supervision of subscriber terminals are also provided.

Referring now more particularly to

FIG. 4A

, a termination facility for subscriber lines

30

of access module

70

provides, in addition to line protection

71

and cross connector

73

, a line monitor and controller

82

. The latter may be a separate component or it may be a programmed function of controller & multiplexer

84

. Line monitor controller

84

controls the life line switches. When a subscriber link is lost due to malfunction, a corresponding one of life line switches

144

(

FIG. 5

) is tripped from a position in which it connects the subscriber line to the modem

80

to a position in which it connects a respective line card

96

. A corresponding life line switch

144

in the ISD

22

disconnects an analog telephone

121

from the tip ring interface

142

and connects the analog phone

121

directly to the subscriber lines

30

. In these positions, the analog phone

121

is connected to the line card

96

as in ordinary telephone service so that the DLC

87

supplies battery backed up power, ringing, DTMF decoding, etc. This configuration provides normal telephone service through the analog telephone

121

.

Referring particularly to

FIG. 5

, in the ISD

22

the life line switch

144

is controlled by a line monitor controller

141

. The latter may be a separate part of the ISD

22

or it may be a function of an ISD controller

145

that controls the various functions of the ISD described elsewhere in the present application and in the copending applications incorporated by reference. The line monitoring facilities

141

and

84

controlling the life line switches

144

may monitor the integrity of the subscriber link by various means. In one implementation, these line monitors are battery powered components that listen for a message generated from the opposite end of the subscriber link

30

and, if they don't receive it within a period of time, they go to the default life-line-connected states. The switches would also have a power-off state connecting the life line circuit.

Referring now to

FIG. 6

, another embodiment of the life line service is shown. In this embodiment, the analog telephone is connected permanently to the line card of the DLC

87

of the FPM

32

. In this case, since the frequencies normally used by the plain old telephone service (POTS) range up to only about 4 kHz, the range used by the modems can simply avoid this portion without being substantially limited. So, for example, the modem

124

and

80

may use only the frequency range above 100 kHz . This range would leave the range used by ISDN service available too. Power can still be supplied through the subscriber link

30

. Thus, in the embodiment of life line service shown in

FIG. 6

, one or more regular telephones are connected to the subscriber twisted pair line (shown schematically as a single line, although in practice it is usually two twisted conductors). The subscriber twisted pair is connected to the line card

96

as in normal telephone service and the available frequencies above the range used by the POTS are used for the multiple access subscriber link discussed in this specification and in the related applications.

Under normal operation, the TVRC modems

80

demodulate a symbol generated on the subscriber lines

30

to output subscriber data including voice, signaling, and user data, and apply the resulting data stream to the digital filters

82

. As discussed above, the digital data from the ISDs

22

contain voice, digital information, and signaling from, potentially, many different subscriber equipment all multiplexed into the same data stream, preferably a packet-based protocol as discussed above. At a time when a call is just being dialed by the user, the data stream will contain signaling information (unless a voice-activated dialing feature is being used as discussed further below). At other times, signaling data may be generated automatically by subscriber equipment such as a settop unit in the process of ordering a movie.

Call setup may be performed in a way that bypasses the normal interaction between the regular DLC (not shown) and the modified DLC

87

because the ISD

22

may send call signaling data as digital information to the FMP

32

. Thus, there may be no need to interpret DTMF tones or dialing pulse. The FMP

32

may interact through the controller

92

set up the call conventionally through the modified DLC

87

by way of the TDM multiplexer

88

. Or the signaling data from the subscriber link may be transmitted in the form of DTMF tones which are interpreted either through a DLC facility or by a detector in FMP

32

. The direct mechanism for handling signaling data is preferred because DTMF tones would take up bandwidth unnecessarily.

Alternatively, calls can be routed directly to the digital network as packet data, for example. In such a process, where calls are placed digitally through the packet network, signaling information may be sent to the NSP

46

along with control information informing the NSP

46

that a virtual circuit for a call is requested. If it is a voice call, a high priority must be given to the virtual circuit and the NSP

46

must make sure the bandwidth is available. At the time a call is made which is to be routed directly from the FMP

32

through the packet-switched networks (e.g., SONET or ATM), the FMP

32

may be handling data to and from the subscribers. At the time the request for a high priority voice channel is made, the ISD

22

has already de-allocated bandwidth assigned for data transmission to make room for the higher priority voice transmission. The FMP

32

communicates the demand for high priority bandwidth to the NSP

46

and the NSP

36

may deallocate bandwidth formerly dedicated to data transmission (the same data for which bandwidth was de-allocated by the ISD

22

) as it, at the same time, allocates bandwidth for the high priority call. This may involve a transmission from the FMP

32

to the NSP

46

telling the NSP

46

that less low-priority data bandwidth is needed in the current call and high priority bandwidth is needed for the new voice call. The NSP

46

then responds by allocating or identifying available circuits (virtual) and providing the appropriate signaling. When the voice call is finished, similar dialogue between the FMP

32

and NSP

46

takes place. The termination of the call is detected by the FMP

32

and a message sent to the NSP

46

informing it that additional bandwidth is needed for data communications and no (or less) bandwidth for the voice call.

In the preferred embodiment, the voice and digital information is time domain multiplexed (TDM) in the digital data stream applied to the digital filters

82

. This embodiment makes it simple and efficient to provide high priority to voice communications by the ISD

22

by providing a bandwidth on demand as discussed elsewhere in this application and in related applications incorporated by reference in this application. In the TDM system of the preferred embodiment, it is also convenient to filter out digitally voice data from the demodulated data streams and apply this data directly to the TDM backplane

90

. The latter requires some discussion regarding routing.

The TDM multiplexer

88

takes the place of multiple line cards. As mentioned, it is the job of the line cards

96

in a conventional DLC to convert voice data to digital data and apply it to the TDM backplane

90

. In so doing, it will also be the job of the control

92

and the facilities interface

94

to handle circuit (TDM) to/from packet conversion. In conventional DLCs voice data also includes DTMF tones which are decoded in the line cards

96

and used by the controller

92

for call setup. The same job is performed by the TDM multiplexer

88

. Instead of DTMF tones, the routing data (called number, call origination data, signaling, etc.) are applied in digital form directly to the TDM backplane

90

for handling by the controller

92

. Thus, TDM multiplexer

88

creates the appearance of being a line card (or set of line cards) to the controller and other facilities from the TDM backplane

90

and out through the interexchange network. The TDM multiplexer can be plugged as a single card directly into the TDM backplane

90

. To the core network (the conventional switched network such as connected through the DLC), all equipment including the NSP

46

, the FMP

32

appears to be a conventional DLC. This is advantageous, since there is minimal impact to the remainder of the network when the equipment is integrated into the network. This configuration provides a seamless interface between the fully digital telephone linked through the ISD

22

and the modified DLC

87

. It also provides a system that allows packet switched voice and data to work side by side and together with traditional digital loop carrier equipment.

In the preferred embodiment, in the CO to CPE direction, the FMP

32

performs the following functions. First, the FMP

32

breaks up the control messages and packets containing user data into segments that fit into the DSL frames. Secondly, the FMP

32

multiplexes these frames together with frames containing speech so that the can be transported to the ISD

22

over the DSL link. Third, the FMP

32

terminates all link layers associated with the DSL segment of the connection. The reverse happens in the CPE to CO direction.

FIG. 5

shows how the access module takes information from the DSL modems

201

and places the voice V

1

, V

2

, etc. and data D

1

, D

2

, etc. into frames

203

, then multiplexes the frames

203

. Consider a scenario where data is fed to the TVRC modems

201

and a voice call comes in. Assume that 1 Mbps is available for information transfer via the TVRC modems

201

. Prior to the incoming call, all 1 Mbps is used up. However, as soon as a voice call comes in, since voice has a higher priority that data, a 64 Kbps channel (slot) is deallocated from data usage and is allocated for voice. If a second voice call comes in, then another data channel will be deallocated from data usage and allocated for voice. As the voice call gets terminated, then the allocated voice slots will be reallocated to use by data. Hence, the system dynamically allocates bandwidth in real time to maximize information transfer. Note that this time domain multiplexing could be performed with frequency domain multiplexing, as with a multitone channel, as well.

Within the local access side of the local loop, multiple FMPs

32

may be grouped and served by a single NSP

46

. Each FMP

32

is in turn interconnected to a plurality of ISDs which serves the subscribers in a given local loop. Usually, the NSP

46

will be located in an AT&T Point-of-Presence (POP). However, this might not be possible in all areas and it could possibly be co-located with other equipment, depending on space availability.

Although, as discussed above, the TDM multiplexer

90

allows a seamless interface between the “old technology” DLC and “new technology” employing the access module

70

and the modified DLC

87

and other elements of the architecture described here and in related applications, substantial modifications to software of the controller

92

will provide additional features. These features are discussed here, elsewhere in this application, and in the related application incorporated by reference in this application. For example, when multiple calls to the same called party are made, the modified DLC

87

must handle such calls differently. In a conventional setup, a message would be sent by the DLC

87

that the called party is off-hook. In the current system of the invention, the called party may still receive additional calls to the same party. Another example of how software modifications for handling of voice calls is provided by the voice-activated call example that follows, after a discussion of the interaction between the NSP

36

and the FMP

32

. Note that the details of such software modifications are not necessary to discuss in detail as such are quite straightforward to implement.

To illustrate the interaction between the various components of the instant invention, a voice dialing scenario will be described. When a subscriber picks up the telephone and if no digits have been dialed after a specified period of time has elapsed, the ISD

22

may start digitizing the voice information into data, for example, 64 Kbps—law PCM data. The voice samples are then stored in a wave file, which is subsequently transmitted to the FMP

32

. On receipt by the FMP

32

, the FMP

32

will forward the information to the NSP

36

. The NSP

36

will attempt to authenticate the request by ensuring that the subscriber does indeed have a subscription to the voice dialing service. The NSP

36

can determine the identity of the subscriber by looking at the address in a certain field of the packet. The NSP

36

can therefore interpret the information in the wave files and take the appropriate action. Let us assume that subscriber John wanted to call another subscriber Paul. The NSP

36

will also attempt to determine who is Paul as defined by John. Once the telephone number for John has been determined, the NSP

36

will inform the FMP

32

to set up a call to John's number. The FMP

32

will then go through the facilities interface

94

to set up the call. In an embodiment, this would be over TR303 interface and the signal would be sent to a DLC to request the local Serving Office to indicate the appropriate ports to use for setting up the call. The FMP

32

has its own DTMF and tone generator which is used for signaling when the interexchange carrier network is to be bypassed in routing a call. For example, the FMP

32

may be connected to a switched network that requires the generation of DTMF signals to set up a call. Such a call can be handled through the FMP

32

.

Note that there is a significant advantage implicit in the preferred design. The voice dialing service may be provided by a different company from the one that actually connects the call. There is no need to pay for the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) for providing such a service and it can all be done with a single facility. Similar services, such as speed dialing, that the LEC provides can now be made available locally.

In the case where there is an incoming call, say from the PSTN, the FMP will get the information from the DLC. The information will be dispatched over the signaling channel to the NSP

36

. The NSP

36

will instruct the FMP

32

with the information on how the call should be terminated. On receiving this message, the FMP

32

will send the appropriate signaling message to the ISD

22

. The ISD

22

“knows” which phones are in use and which ones are not. As a result, it will apply ring to a phone that is free.

In the CPE to CO direction, data “left over” after filtering of voice data is accomplished by the digital filters

84

is transmitted by the access module to the interexchange network. This data includes routing data as well as content. The link layer interface is provided by the controller and multiplexer

84

of the access module

70

. Thus, for example, if the exported data is to be transmitted over an external ISDN interface, the data from digital filters

82

would be formatted and timed to be applied to such an interface by the controller and multiplexer

84

of the access module

70

.

In the disclosure of the instant invention, Tethered Virtual Radio Channel (TVRC) is the preferred modulation technique. However, the instant invention is not limited to the use of TVRC modulation technology. However, TVRC would prove to be a major advantage over other proposed schemes, since it provides an alternate to interleaving which is used to overcome impairments such as noise and interference and which results in unacceptable delays.

In addition to monitoring the link between the ISD

22

and the FMP

32

for purposes of identifying a failure of the ISD

22

(which requires life-line support), the FMP

32

may provide other line monitoring functions, such as off-hook detection, through interaction with the intelligent ISD

22

. For example, a subscriber, although the bandwidth is available to send an additional call to the same called number, may not wish to have additional calls ring through. The FMP

32

in such a case could respond to an additional call with a busy signal or voice mail.

In some embodiments, the FMP

32

may be configured to appear to the network as a conventional DLC. As an alternative configuration, the FMP

32

may be configured directly to connect to the ATM without transport across the SONET network. It may be desirable to transmit the voice data from the FMP

32

to the PSTN

42

over a high speed packet network (e.g. ATM), which is superimposed on top of the SONET network. This has an advantage in that the packet transmission of voice information can be more efficient than more conventional treatment (for example, it is susceptible to a high degree of compression). However, it requires additional management to manage delays, buffer overruns, drop packets, etc., across the ATM network as mentioned above.

The following applications, filed concurrently herewith, are hereby incorporated by reference:

1. A Hybrid Fiber Twisted-pair Local Loop Network Service Architecture (Ser. No. 09/001,360);

2. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for use in the Hybrid Fiber Twisted-pair Local Loop Network Service Architecture (Ser. No. 09/001,425);

3. The VideoPhone (Ser. No. 09/001,905);

4. VideoPhone Privacy Activator (Ser. No. 09/001,909);

5. VideoPhone Form Factor (Ser. No. 09/001,583);

6. VideoPhone Centrally Controlled User Interface With User Selectable Options (Ser. No. 09/001,576);

7. VideoPhone User Interface Having Multiple Menu Hierarchies (Ser. No. 09/001,908);

8. VideoPhone Blocker (Ser. No. 09/001,353);

9. VideoPhone Inter-com For Extension Phones (Ser. No. 09/001,358);

10. Advertising Screen Saver (Ser. No. 09/001,524);

11. Information Display for Visual Communication Device (Ser. No. 09/001,906);

12. VideoPhone Multimedia Announcement Answering Machine (Ser. No. 09/001,911);

13. VideoPhone Multimedia Announcement Message Toolkit (Ser. No. 09/001,345);

14. VideoPhone Multimedia Video Message Reception (Ser. No. 09/001,362);

15. VideoPhone Multimedia Interactive Corporate Menu Answering Machine Announcement (Ser. No. 09/001,575);

16. VideoPhone Multimedia Interactive On-Hold Information Menus (Ser. No. 09/001,356);

17. VideoPhone Advertisement When Calling Video Non-enabled VideoPhone Users (Ser. No. 09/001,361);

18. Motion Detection Advertising (Ser. No. 09/001,355);

19. Interactive Commercials (Ser. No. 09/001,578);

20. VideoPhone Electronic Catalogue Service (Ser. No. 09/001,421);

21. A Multifunction Interface Facility Connecting Wideband Multiple Access Subscriber Loops With Various Networks (Ser. No. 09/001,356);

23. Life Line Support for Multiple Service Access on Single Twisted-pair (Ser. No. 09/001,343);

24. A Network Server Platform (NSP) For a Hybrid Fiber Twisted-pair (HFTP) Local Loop Network Service Architecture (Ser. No. 09/001,582);

25. A Communication Server Apparatus For Interactive Commercial Service (Ser. No. 09/001,344);

26. NSP Based Multicast Digital Program Delivery Service (Ser. No. 09/001,580);

27. NSP Internet, JAVA Server and VideoPhone Application Server (Ser. No.

09/001,354);

28. NSP WAN Interconnectivity Services for Corporate Telecommuting (Ser. No. 09/001,540);

29. NSP Telephone Directory White-Yellow Page Services (Ser. No. 09/001,426);

30. NSP Integrated Billing System For NSP services and Telephone services (Ser. No. 09/001,359);

31. Network Server Platform/Facility Management Platform Caching Server (Ser. No. 09/001,419);

32. An Integrated Services Director (ISD) Overall Architecture (Ser. No. 09/001,417);

33. ISD/VideoPhone (Customer Premises) Local House (Ser. No. 09/001,418);

34. ISD Wireless Network (Ser. No. 09/001,363);

35. ISD Controlled Set-Top Box (Ser. No. 09/001,424);

36. Integrated Remote Control and Phone (Ser. No. 09/001,423);

37. Integrated Remote Control and Phone User Interface (Ser. No. 09/001,420);

38. Integrated Remote Control and Phone Form Factor (Ser. No. 09/001,910);

39. VideoPhone Mail Machine;

40. Restaurant Ordering Via VideoPhone;

41. Ticket Ordering Via VideoPhone;

42. Multi-Channel Parallel/Serial Concatenated Convolutional Codes And Trellis Coded Modulation Encode/Decoder (Ser. No. 09/001,342);

43. Spread Spectrum Bit Allocation Algorithm (Ser. No. 09/001,842);

44. Digital Channelizer With Arbitrary Output Frequency (Ser. No. 09/001,581);

45. Method And Apparatus For Allocating Data Via Discrete Multiple Tones (Ser. No. 08/997,167);

46. Method And Apparatus For Reducing Near-End Cross Talk In Discrete Multi-Tone Modulators/Demodulators (Ser. No. 08,997,176).

While exemplary systems and methods embodying the present invention are shown by way of example, it will be understood, of course, that the invention is not limited to these embodiments. Modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. For example, each of the elements of the aforementioned embodiments may be utilized alone or in combination with elements of the other embodiments.