Insect barrier garment

This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 09/738,526, with a filing date of Dec. 15, 2000, and currently pending.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to protective fabrics and garments, and in particular, to fabrics and garments that assist in protecting the wearer from the stings or bites of insects.

Net-like fabrics exist for creating a barrier to inserts. However, these net-like barrier fabrics do not typically prevent an insect from probing through the fabric to reach the user of the fabric when the fabric is adjacent to the skin of the user. Garments have been formed from these net-like barrier fabrics that use an inner net material with a greater open area adjacent to the wearer. However, the large open area of the inner net does not keep the outer net-like barrier fabric a sufficient distance from the wearer to prevent the insect from probing through the barrier fabric and reaching the wearer, particularly in the open areas of inner net like material when the garment is subjected to stress such as during bending movements of the wearer. Therefore, there is a need for textiles that can provide a barrier to insect when the textile is adjacent to the user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1

is an elevational view of a person using various garments of the present invention; and

FIG. 2

is an enlarged partial perspective view of a textile incorporating one embodiment of the present invention; and,

FIG. 3

is an enlarged partial perspective view of a textile incorporating one embodiment of the present invention having a spacer layer of nonwoven batting, which has been jointed to the other layers by adhesive welding or plastic welding; and

FIG. 4

is a cross sectional view of the hand of a person using the garment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is a textile and articles of clothing, or garments, made from the textile herein that help protect the wearer from being stung or bitten by various mosquitoes or other insects, spiders or other small animals. A garment made from this fabric can lay directly against the wearer's skin and still be effective in helping to preventing insect bites or stings. The fabric uses no chemical insect repellants that would eventually wash off or smell. The fabric is very light weight, and has an open construction that breathes, allowing the wearer to remain cool. These latter features of breathability and light weight are very important because mosquitoes and most other stinging or biting insects live in hot humid environments.

Referring now to

FIG. 1

, there is shown an elevational view of a person using various garments of the present invention. The particular garments illustrated in

FIG. 1

include, a lower body cover

10

, an upper body cover

20

, a head covering

30

, and hand covers

40

. The lower body cover

10

, upper body cover

20

, head cover

30

and hand covers

40

are generally formed of a protective textile. The lower body cover

10

is adapted to cover the waist, pelvic regions, and legs (including ankles or not) of the wearer. The lower body cover

10

can include gathers at the waist and/or ankles of the wearer, such as elastic regions or draw cords at those locations. The upper body cover

20

is adapted to cover the waist, upper torso region, and arms (including wrists or not) of the wearer. The upper body cover

20

can include gathers at the waist and/or wrists of the wearer, such as elastic regions or draw cords at those locations. The upper body cover

20

is adapted to cover the waist, upper torso region, and arms of the wearer. The head covering

30

can be a hood, a cap with a protective veil, or the like. The hand covers

40

can be gloves, mittens, or any other device adapted to cover the hands of the wearer, and can also cover a portion of the wrist of the wearer. The hand covers

40

can include gathers at the wrists of the wearer, such as elastic regions or draw cords at those locations.

Although only lower body cover

10

, upper body cover

20

, head covering

30

, and gloves

40

are illustrated in

FIG. 1

, the garments of the present invention may include jackets, pants, jumpers, hoods, gloves or mittens, hats, socks, one-piece garments, etc. The garments can be worn under or over existing clothing to give additional protection to the wearer. A person may wear only one, or some, of the garments to achieve additional protection in only the desired areas. Additionally, one, some, or all of the garments can be combined into a more complete protective suit.

Referring now to

FIG. 2

, there is shown an enlarged, partial view of a protective textile

100

used in the lower body cover

10

, upper body cover

20

, hood

30

and hand covers

40

illustrated in FIG.

1

. The textile

100

generally includes a base fabric

110

and a cover fabric

120

, separated by a spacer layer

130

.

The base fabric

110

has an inner surface

111

disposed away from the spacer layer

130

of the textile

100

. The inner surface

111

of the base fabric

110

is also the side of the textile

100

that would be used as the inner surface of a garment made from the textile

100

. In the embodiment illustrated in

FIG. 2

, the base fabric

110

is an open mesh or net-like construction to provide high air permeability, and can be formed using various constructions such as woven, knitted, nonwoven, or the like. However, the base fabric

110

could also be a solid construction textile, using various constructions such as woven, knitted, nonwoven, or the like.

The cover fabric

120

has an outer surface

121

disposed away from the spacer layer

130

of the textile

100

. The outer surface

121

of the cover fabric

120

is also the side of the textile

100

that would be used as the outer surface of a garment. In the embodiment illustrated in

FIG. 2

, the cover fabric

120

is a solid construction with sufficient openness of the net-like interstices in the fabric to provide high air permeability, yet sufficient tightness to provide a barrier to small insects. The cover fabric

120

can be formed using various constructions such as woven, knit, nonwoven, or the like. The size of the interstices can be designed to accommodate for different minimum insect size, and/or breathability requirements. In one embodiment the interstices have a maximum passable width of up to about 0.188 inches. Maximum passable width shall be defined as the diameter of the largest spherical gauge that can pass through the opening. In another embodiment, the interstices have a maximum passable width of up to about 0.063 inches. In these embodiments, the base fabric

120

can have a minimum passable width of about 0.188 inches, and/or a minimum passable width of 0.063 inches, respectively.

The spacer layer

130

provides a separation between the base fabric

110

and the cover fabric

120

to inhibit the ability of an insect, spider, or other small animals from probing through the textile

100

to reach the wearer. The spacer layer

130

can also connect the cover fabric

120

with the base fabric

110

. The spacer layer

130

provides sufficient compression resistance to maintain the separation property during use of a garment formed from the textile

100

. In the embodiment illustrated in

FIG. 2

, the spacer layer

130

is a layer of pile yarn

131

connecting the base fabric

110

with the cover fabric

120

. In another embodiment, open cell foam or closed cell foam could be used as the spacer layer between base inner and outer layers of fabric. The three layers could be joined by sewing/quilting or adhesive bonding or by various plastic welding methods.

In yet another embodiment, as illustrated in

FIG. 3

, nonwoven batting material, such as spun or filament, can be used as the spacer layer

130

between the base fabric

110

and cover fabric

120

. The three layers can be joined by sewing/quilting or adhesive bonding or by various plastic welding methods.

The distance between the inner surface

111

of the base fabric

110

and the outer surface

121

of the cover fabric

120

provides the textile

100

with the characteristics of inhibiting the ability of insects, spiders, small animals to probe through the textile

100

in order to bite, sting, or otherwise disturb the wearer. In one embodiment, the thickness is at least about two millimeters. In another embodiment, the thickness is between about three millimeters and about eight millimeters.

A lower weight for the textile

100

provides the wearer with additional comfort. In has been found that a total textile

100

weight of less than 6.5 ounces per square yard provides a cool, highly air-permeable garment.

The textile

100

can be colored to provide concealment to the wearer. Additionally, the coloring can be a pattern, such as a camouflage pattern. One method that can be used for coloring the textile is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,743 issued to Stewart, Jr., on May 8, 1990, and entitled “Apparatus and Method for Spraying Moving Substrates”, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by specific reference thereto. The textile

100

can be dyed or printed. Beam dyeing is the preferred dyeing method in order to prevent loss of thickness during processing. Jet dyeing should be preceded by heat stabilization for the same reason. Pad dyeing is also possible. Printing on the textile

100

can also be accomplished with screen-printing. Pressure at high temperature, such as occurs in heat-transfer printing, causes substantial permanent thickness reduction and should be avoided.

In the embodiment illustrated in

FIG. 2

, the textile

100

is a spacer fabric, is warp knitted fabric to provide high conformability of the garment to the wearer, and has low fabric-to-fabric noise while in use. However, the textile

100

can also be a woven fabric. Spacer fabrics and their production methods on double hook looms and on double-needle-bar warp knit machines are known, and will therefore not be discussed in further detail.

In the embodiment illustrated in

FIG. 2

, the base fabric

110

and the cover fabric

120

are constructed using a filament polyester yarn of 70 to 150 denier weight, and the pile yarn

131

is a 30 denier monofilament polyester. It has been found that the 30 denier monofilament polyester yarn provides a good compression resistance to the spacer layer

130

, which helps the spacer layer

130

to maintain the thickness property of the textile

100

during use of a garment formed from the textile

100

. Additionally, it has been found that the monofilament polyester yarn is economical (as it is produced in high volume), provides an ease of fabrication, allows a lightweight and open (air-permeable) construction, has good colorability, and has inherent antimicrobial functionality (due to the hydrophobic nature of the polymer). In one embodiment the cover fabric

120

is constructed using dull yarn to provide low light reflectivity. The dull yarn and low light reflectivity of the cover fabric

120

can also be obtained through pad application of a suitable binder.

The textile

100

can be formed into the garments of the present invention for the purpose of protecting against insect stings or bites, as illustrated in FIG.

1

. The garments are formed with the inner surface

111

of the base fabric

120

being the inner surface of the garment, and the outer surface

121

of the cover fabric

120

can be of any design suitable for the application. The garments can be formed completely of the protective textile

100

, or the garment can be formed with only portions of the garment being the textile

100

. For example, the legs of the lower body torso cover

10

can be formed of the protective spacer textile

100

, and the waist and pelvic regions of the lower body torso cover

10

can be formed of a different protective material or a standard textile. Similarly, the arms of the upper body torso cover

20

can be formed of the protective spacer textile

100

, and the waist and upper torso regions of the upper body torso cover

20

can be formed of a different protective material or a standard textile.

Also, as illustrated in

FIG. 4

, the portion of the glove

40

covering the back of the hand and/or the fingers can be formed from the textile

100

, and the remainder of the glove

40

(such as the palm and/or fingers) can be formed of a second textile. In one embodiment, the remainder of the glove (such as the palm) can be formed of a sturdy textile or leather.

When making the head covering

30

, a more transparent veil textile is required in front of the wearer's face. The more transparent textile used in a veil may be accomplished by using a more open base fabric, cover fabric, and spacer layer. In another embodiment, only the cover fabric of the textile can be used if the cover fabric is held away from the body by the use of an item such as a visor sewn into the hood, or as part of a cap worn underneath the hood. In yet another embodiment, the veil area of the head covering can be left completely or partially open.