PANCREATIC CANCER DETECTION KIT OR DEVICE, AND DETECTION METHOD

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a kit or a device for the detection of pancreatic cancer, comprising a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to a particular miRNA, which is used for examining the presence or absence of pancreatic cancer in a subject, and a method for detecting pancreatic cancer, comprising measuring an expression level of the miRNA using the nucleic acid.

BACKGROUND ART

The pancreas serves as an exocrine gland that secretes pancreatic juice as a digestive juice and sends the juice into the digestive tract through the pancreatic duct, while also functioning as an endocrine gland that secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon into blood.

Since the pancreas is surrounded by many organs such as the stomach, the duodenum, the small intestine, the liver, and the gallbladder, pancreatic cancer is not only difficult to detect early but has properties such as a lack of subjective symptoms, very rapid progression, and metastasis to other organs and thus has very poor prognosis as compared with other cancers. According to the 2011 statistics of cancer type-specific mortality in Japan disclosed by the Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center (Tokyo, Japan), the number of pancreatic cancer deaths climbed to 28,829 people, and 5-year relative survival rates by cancer type in 2003 to 2005 were lowest in pancreatic cancer with 7.1% for males and 6.9% for females.

As described in Non-Patent Literature 1, the basic therapy of pancreatic cancer is practiced by surgery, systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination thereof depending on a stage of progression. Although 15 to 20% pancreatic cancer patients undergo surgery for potential cure, the great majority of patients who do not undergo surgery are considered to have local progression or metastasis. The median survival time is reportedly 8 to 12 months for locally advanced cancer and 3 to 6 months for metastatic cancer, which are very poor as compared with other cancers.

The UICC (Unix Internationalis Contra Cancrum) stages of progression of pancreatic cancer are defined in General Rules for the Study of Pancreatic Cancer, the 5th edition (edited by Japan Pancreas Society, KANEHARA & Co., LTD., 2013, p. 55) and classified into stages 0, IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III, IVa, and IVb according to the size of primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, etc. Stages I to III occupy half or more of the number of 5-year survivals, and stages IVa and IVb occupy 70% or more of the progressed stages at the time of diagnosis. Also, pancreatic cancer differs in symptoms among sites of origin. Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas often manifests jaundice, whereas carcinoma of the tail of the pancreas has few symptoms. Therefore, the carcinoma of the tail of the pancreas tends to result in delayed diagnosis as compared with the carcinoma of the head of the pancreas.

As described in Non-Patent Literature 2, abdominal ultrasonography is very useful as convenient and limitedly invasive examination in outpatient settings or medical examination for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, it is often difficult to visualize pancreatic cancer having a small tumor size or a lesion on the pancreatic tail side. In ordinary medical checkup, the prevalence of pancreatic cancer found in pancreatic images by abdominal ultrasonography is approximately 1%, and the detection rate of pancreatic cancer is approximately 0.06% or lower. For example, CA19-9, Span-1, CA50, CA242, Dupan-2, TAG-72, and urinary fucose as carbohydrate antigens, and CEA, POA, and TPS as non-carbohydrate antigens are known as tumor markers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. As for how to use these tumor markers, a subject is suspected of having a cancer when their concentrations in blood are higher or lower than predetermined reference values. For example, as described in Non-Patent Literature 3, the reference value of CEA is set to 5 ng/mL, and the reference value of CA19-9 is set to 37 U/mL. A subject is suspected of having a cancer including pancreatic cancer when their concentrations exhibit these values or higher. However, the evaluation of tumor markers often examines advanced pancreatic cancer and does not show abnormal values for early pancreatic cancer in many cases. Even combinatorial use of tumor markers and abdominal ultrasonography in medical examination results in low rates of detection of pancreatic cancer. The implementation of such medical examinations for the detection of pancreatic cancer is controversial from the viewpoint of cost effectiveness.

As shown in Patent Literatures 1 to 4, there are reports, albeit at a research stage, on the determination of pancreatic cancer using the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs), or combinations of the expression levels of miRNAs and the expression levels of additional protein markers in biological samples including blood.

Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for detecting pancreatic cancer by combining hsa-miR-125a-3p with dozens of other miRNAs in blood.

Patent Literature 2. discloses a method for detecting pancreatic cancer by combining a hsa-miR-204-3p precursor, a hsa-miR-423-5p precursor, or a hsa-miR-328-5p precursor with several hundreds of other miRNAs in blood or tissues.

Patent Literature 3 discloses a method for detecting pancreatic cancer by combining hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-16-5p, or hsa-miR-24-3p with several hundreds of other miRNAs in blood.

Patent Literature 4 discloses a method for detecting pancreatic cancer by combining hsa-miR-451a with dozens of other miRNAs in blood or tissues.

Patent Literature 5 discloses a method for detecting pancreatic cancer by combining a hsa-miR-150-3p precursor or a hsa-miR-187-5p precursor with several hundreds of other miRNAs in blood or tissues.

Non-Patent Literature 4 discloses hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-550a-5p, hsa-miR-371a-5p, hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-1908-5p and the like in plasma as miRNAs that have significant difference in their expression levels between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects.

Non-Patent Literature 5 discloses miR-3188, miR-16-5p, and the like in plasma as miRNAs that have significant difference in their expression levels between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects.

Non-Patent Literature 6 discloses miR-550a-5p, miR-1290, miR-24-3p, miR-486-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-125a-3p, and the like in serum as miRNAs that have significant difference in their expression levels between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects.

Non-Patent Literature 7 discloses miR-602 in tissues as a miRNA that have significant difference in its expression level between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects.

PRIOR ART LITERATURE

Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: JP Patent Publication (Kohyo) No. 2012-507300 A (2012)

Patent Literature 2: Published U.S. Patent Application No. 2010/0286232

Patent Literature 3: International Publication No. WO 2013/107459

Patent Literature 4: Published U.S. Patent Application No. 2013/0310276

Patent literature 5: Published U.S. Patent Application No. 2008/0306018

Non-Patent Literature

Non-Patent Literature 1: Tetsuya Mine, “Suizo (Pancreas), Journal of the Japan Pancreas Society”, Japan Pancreas Society, 2007, Vol. 22, p. 105-113

Non-Patent Literature 2: Japan Pancreas Society, “2009 Scientific evidence based clinical practice guidelines for pancreatic cancer”, CQ1 diagnosis methods http://www.suizou.org/PCMG2009/cq1/cq1-3.html

Non-Patent Literature 3: Kiyoshi Kurokawa et al. ed., LAB DATA, 2013, p. 633, 636 (Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)

Non-Patent Literature 4: Ali S. et al, 2010, American Journal of Translational Research, Vol. 3, (1), p. 28-47

Non-Patent Literature 5: Ganepola G A. et al., 2014, World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology., Vol. 6, (1), p. 22-33

Non-Patent Literature 6: Li A. et al., 2013, Clinical Cancer Research, Vol. 19, (13), p. 3600-3610

Non-Patent Literature 7: Zhang J. et al., 2014, Oncology Reports, Vol. 31, (3), p. 1157-1164

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Problem to be Solved by Invention

An object of the present invention is to find novel tumor markers for pancreatic cancer and to provide a method that can effectively detect pancreatic cancer using nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to the markers. As described in Non-Patent Literature 2, for example, CA19-9, Span-1, CA50, CA242, Dupan-2, TAG-72, and urinary fucose as carbohydrate antigens and CEA, POA, and TPS as non-carbohydrate antigens are known as tumor markers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic cancer detection sensitivity of these tumor markers is 70 to 80% for CA19-9, 70 to 80% for Span-1, 50 to 60% for Dupan-2, 30 to 60% for CEA, and 60% for CA50. In addition, their specificity is not much high, and their false positive rates are as high as 20 to 30%. Therefore, there may be the possibility of false detection of other cancers and/or benign tumors and/or benign diseases of the pancreas and/or peripancreatic organs, etc. Particularly, the detection sensitivity of early pancreatic cancer is generally low, and the positive rate of CA19-9 is merely ½ (52%) for pancreatic cancer having a tumor size of 2 cm or smaller. Therefore, these tumor markers are not useful for the detection of early pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the tumor markers based on carbohydrate antigens exhibit false negatives in Lewis blood type negative cases, in which the subjects do not produce the antigens. Therefore, this examination is unsuitable for some subjects.

As described below, there are reports, albeit at a research stage, on the determination of pancreatic cancer using the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in biological samples including blood, none of which, however, have yet been brought into practical use.

Patent Literature 1 describes a method for diagnosing various cancers including pancreatic cancer by combining hsa-miR-125a-3p with a large number (dozens) of other miRNAs in blood. This literature, however, neither describes specific detection performance thereof such as accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity nor describes a specific method for diagnosing pancreatic cancer using blood.

Patent Literature 2 describes a method for detecting pancreatic cancer by combining a hsa-miR-204-3p precursor, a hsa-miR-423-5p precursor, or a hsa-miR-328-5p precursor with several hundreds of other miRNAs in blood or tissues. This literature, however, neither describes specific detection performance thereof such as accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity nor describes a specific method for diagnosing pancreatic cancer using blood.

The method described in Patent Literature 3 diagnoses pancreatic cancer by combining hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-16-5p, or hsa-miR-24-3p with several hundreds of other miRNAs and does not state that diagnosis can be conducted by combining several miRNAs.

Patent Literature 4 employs hsa-miR-451a in combination with dozens or more of other miRNAs in pancreatic cancer tissues for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. This literature, however, does not describe a specific method for diagnosing pancreatic cancer using blood.

Patent Literature 5 employs a hsa-miR-150-3p precursor or a hsa-miR-187-5p precursor in combination with several hundreds or more of other miRNAs in pancreatic cancer tissues for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. This literature, however, neither describes specific detection performance thereof such as accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity nor describes a specific method for diagnosing pancreatic cancer using blood.

In Non-Patent Literature 4, examples of the miRNAs that have significant difference in their expression levels in plasma between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects include miR-423-5p, miR-1246, miR-150-3p, miR-550a-5p, miR-371a-5p, miR-1469, miR-575, miR-564, miR-125a-3p, miR-451a, and miR-1908-5p. This literature, however, does not describe specific detection performance thereof such as accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity.

In Non-Patent Literature 5, examples of the miRNAs that have significant difference in their expression levels in plasma between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects include miR-3188 and miR-16-5p. However, as a result of validation, these miRNAs were excluded from the analytes due to their low reliability.

In Non-Patent Literature 6, examples of the miRNAs that have significant difference in their expression levels in serum between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects include miR-550a-5p, miR-1290, miR-24-3p, miR-486-3p, miR-423-5p, and miR-125a-3p. This literature, however, neither describes the specific detection performance, such as accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity, of miR-550a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-486-3p, miR-423-5p, and miR-125a-3p nor validated the detection performance of miR-1290 in an independent sample group.

In Non-Patent Literature 7, examples of the miRNA that have significant difference in its expression level in pancreatic tissues between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy subjects include miR-602. This literature, however, neither describes specific detection performance thereof such as accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity nor describes a specific method for diagnosing pancreatic cancer using blood.

As mentioned above, the existing tumor markers exhibit low performance in the detection of pancreatic cancer, or neither performance nor detection methods are specifically shown as to the markers at a research stage. Therefore, use of these markers might require carrying out needless extra examination due to the false detection of healthy subjects as being pancreatic cancer patients, or might waste therapeutic opportunity because of overlooking pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, the measurement of dozens to several hundreds of miRNAs increases examination costs and is therefore difficult to use in large-scale screening such as medical checkup. Furthermore, the collection of pancreatic tissues for measuring the tumor markers is highly invasive to patients and is not favorable. Hence, there is a demand for a highly accurate pancreatic cancer marker that is detectable from blood, which can be collected in less invasive manner, and is capable of correctly determining a pancreatic cancer patient as a pancreatic cancer patient and a healthy subject as a healthy subject. Particularly, a highly sensitive pancreatic cancer marker is desired because tumor resection based on early detection is only radical cure for pancreatic cancer.

Means for Solution of Problem

The present inventors have conducted diligent studies to attain the object and consequently completed the present invention by finding several genes usable as markers for the detection of pancreatic cancer from blood, which can be collected with limited invasiveness, and finding that pancreatic cancer can be significantly detected by using nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to any of these markers.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The present invention has the following features:

(1) A kit for the detection of pancreatic cancer, comprising a nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of the following pancreatic cancer markers: miR-6893-5p, miR-6075, miR-6820-5p, miR-4294, miR-6729-5p, miR-4476, miR-6836-3p, miR-6765-3p, miR-6799-5p, miR-4530, miR-7641, miR-4454, miR-615-5p, miR-8073, miR-663a, miR-4634, miR-4450, miR-4792, miR-665, miR-7975, miR-7109-5p, miR-6789-5p, miR-4497, miR-6877-5p, miR-6880-5p, miR-7977, miR-4734, miR-6821-5p, miR-8089, miR-5585-3p, miR-6085, miR-6845-5p, miR-4651, miR-4433-3p, miR-1231, miR-4665-5p, miR-7114-5p, miR-1238-5p, miR-8069, miR-4732-5p, miR-619-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-1260a, miR-6741-5p, miR-6781-5p, miR-6125, miR-6805-5p, miR-6132, miR-6872-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-1908-3p, miR-4433b-3p, miR-4736, miR-5100, miR-6724-5p, miR-7107-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3185, miR-4638-5p, miR-1273g-3p, miR-6778-5p, miR-328-5p, ma-3679-3p, miR-1228-3p, miR-6779-5p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-760, miR-7704, miR-8072, miR-4486, miR-1913, miR-4656, miR-1260b, miR-7106-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6780b-5p, miR-6090, miR-4534, miR-4449, miR-5195-3p, miR-1202, miR-4467, miR-6515-3p, miR-4281, miR-4505, miR-4484, miR-6805-3p, miR-3135b, miR-3162-5p, miR-6768-5p, miR-6721-5p, miR-1227-5p, miR-6722-3p, miR-4286, miR-4746-3p, miR-6727-5p, miR-6816-5p, miR-4741, ma-4508, miR-940, miR-4327, miR-4665-3p, miR-718, miR-1203, miR-663b, miR-4258, miR-4649-5p, miR-4516, miR-3619-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-3131, miR-1343-3p, miR-6775-5p, miR-6813-5p, and miR-3940-5p.

(2) The kit according to (1), wherein miR-6893-5p is hsa-miR-6893-5p, miR-6075 is miR-6820-5p is hsa-miR-6820-5p, miR-4294 is hsa-miR-4294, miR-6729-5p is hsa-miR-6729-5p, miR-4476 is hsa-miR-4476, miR-6836-3p is hsa-miR-6836-3p, miR-6765-3p is hsa-miR-6765-3p, miR-6799-5p is hsa-miR-6799-5p, miR-4530 is hsa-miR-4530, miR-7641 is hsa-miR-7641, miR-4454 is hsa-miR-4454, miR-615-5p is hsa-miR-615-5p, miR-8073 is hsa-miR-8073, miR-663a is hsa-miR-663a, miR-4634 is hsa-miR-4634, ‘R-4450 is hsa-miR-4450, miR-4792 is hsa-miR-4792, miR-665 is hsa-miR-665, miR-7975 is hsa-miR-7975, miR-7109-5p is hsa-miR-7109-5p, miR-6789-5p is hsa-miR-6789-5p, miR-4497 is hsa-miR-4497, miR-6877-5p is hsa-miR-6877-5p, miR-6880-5p is hsa-miR-6880-5p, miR-7977 is hsa-miR-7977, miR-4734 is hsa-miR-4734, miR-6821-5p is hsa-miR-6821-5p, miR-8089 is hsa-miR-8089, miR-5585-3p is hsa-miR-5585-3p, miR-6085 is hsa-miR-6085, miR-6845-5p is hsa-miR-6845-5p, miR-4651 is hsa-miR-4651, miR-4433-3p is hsa-miR-4433-3p, miR-1231 is hsa-miR-1231, miR-4665-5p is hsa-miR-4665-5p, miR-7114-5p is hsa-miR-7114-5p, miR-1238-5p is hsa-miR-1238-5p, miR-8069 is hsa-miR-8069, miR-4732-5p is hsa-milt-4732-5p, miR-619-5p is hsa-miR-619-5p, miR-3622a-5p is hsa-miR-3622a-5p, miR-1260a is hsa-miR-1260a, miR-6741-5p is hsa-miR-6741-5p, miR-6781-5p is hsa-miR-6781-5p, miR-6125 is hsa-miR-6125, miR-6805-5p is hsa-miR-6805-5p, miR-6132 is hsa-miR-6132, miR-6872-3p is hsa-miR-6872-3p, miR-6875-5p is hsa-miR-6875-5p, miR-1908-3p is hsa-miR-1908-3p, miR-4433b-3p is hsa-miR-4433b-3p, miR-4736 is hsa-miR-4736, miR-5100 is hsa-miR-5100, miR-6724-5p is hsa-miR-6724-5p, miR-7107-5p is hsa-miR-7107-5p, miR-6726-5p is hsa-miR-6726-5p, miR-3185 is hsa-miR-3185, miR-4638-5p is hsa-miR-4638-5p, miR-1273g-3p is hsa-miR-1273g-3p, miR-6778-5p is hsa-miR-6778-5p, miR-328-5p is hsa-miR-328-5p, miR-3679-3p is hsa-miR-3679-3p, miR-1228-3p is hsa-miR-1228-3p, miR-6779-5p is hsa-miR-6779-5p, miR-4723-5p is hsa-miR-4723-5p, miR-6850-5p is hsa-miR-6850-5p, miR-760 is hsa-miR-760, miR-7704 is hsa-miR-7704, miR-8072 is hsa-miR-8072, miR-4486 is hsa-miR-4486, miR-1913 is hsa-miR-1913, miR-4656 is hsa-miR-4656, miR-1260b is hsa-miR-1260b, miR-7106-5p is hsa-miR-7106-5p, miR-6889-5p is hsa-miR-6889-5p, miR-6780b-5p is hsa-miR-6780b-5p, miR-6090 is hsa-miR-6090, miR-4534 is hsa-miR-4534, miR-4449 is hsa-miR-4449, miR-5195-3p is hsa-miR-5195-3p, miR-1202 is hsa-miR-1202, miR-4467 is hsa-miR-4467, miR-6515-3p is hsa-miR-6515-3p, miR-4281 is hsa-miR-4281, miR-4505 is hsa-miR-4505, miR-4484 is hsa-miR-4484, miR-6805-3p is hsa-miR-6805-3p, miR-3135b is hsa-miR-3135h, miR-3162-5p is hsa-miR-3162-5p, miR-6768-5p is hsa-miR-6768-5p, miR-6721-5p is hsa-miR-6721-5p, miR-1227-5p is hsa-miR-1227-5p, miR-6722-3p is hsa-miR-6722-3p, miR-4286 is hsa-miR-4286, miR-4746-3p is hsa-miR-4746-3p, miR-6727-5p is hsa-miR-6727-5p, miR-6816-5p is hsa-miR-6816-5p, miR-4741 is hsa-miR-4741, miR-4508 is hsa-miR-4508, miR-940 is hsa-miR-940, miR-4327 is lisa-miR-4327, miR-4665-3p is hsa-miR-4665-3p, miR-718 is hsa-miR-718, miR-1203 is hsa-miR-1203, miR-663b is hsa-miR-663b, miR-4258 is hsa-miR-4258, miR-4649-5p is hsa-miR-4649-5p, miR-4516 is hsa-miR-4516, miR-3619-3p is hsa-miR-3619-3p, miR-6826-5p is hsa-miR-6826-5p, miR-6757-5p ishsa-miR-6757-5p, miR-3131 is hsa-miR-3131, miR-1343-3p is hsa-miR-1343-3p, miR-6775-5p is hsa-miR-6775-5p, miR-6813-5p is hsa-miR-6813-5p, and miR-3940-5p is hsa-miR-3940-5p.

(3) The kit according to (1) or (2), wherein the nucleic acid(s) is a polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (a) to (e):

(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494;

(c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (a) to (d).

(4) The kit according to any of (1) to (3), further comprising, in addition to the nucleic acid(s), a nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of miR-125a-3p, miR-204-3p, miR-1469, miR-575, miR-150-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-564, miR-3188, miR-1246, miR-602, miR-1290, miR-16-5p, miR-451a, miR-24-3p, miR-187-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-371a-5p, and miR-550a-5p.

(5) The kit according to (4), wherein miR-125a-3p is hsa-miR-125a-3p, miR-204-3p is hsa-miR-204-3p, miR-1469 is hsa-miR-1469, miR-575 is hsa-miR-575, miR-150-3p is hsa-miR-150-3p, miR-423-5p is hsa-miR-423-5p, miR-564 is hsa-miR-564, miR-3188 is hsa-miR-3188, miR-1246 is hsa-miR-1246, miR-602 is hsa-miR-602, miR-1290 is hsa-miR-1290, miR-16-5p is hsa-miR-16-5p, miR-451a is hsa-miR-451a, miR-24-3p is hsa-miR-24-3p, miR-187-5p is hsa-miR-187-5p, miR-1908-5p is hsa-miR-1908-5p, miR-371a-5p is hsa-miR-371a-5p, and miR-550a-5p is hsa-miR-550a-5p.

(6) The kit according to (4) or (5), wherein the nucleic acid(s) further comprise a polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (f) to (j):

(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122;

(h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (f) to (i).

(7) The kit according to any of (1) to (6), further comprising, in addition to the nucleic acid(s), a nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of miR-4417, miR-4707-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-2861, miR-4513, miR-7111-5p, miR-6777-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-4648, miR-3184-5p, miR-4271, miR-6791-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-5196-5p, miR-3178, miR-3656, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-6769b-5p, miR-4689, miR-6076, miR-92b-5p, miR-6774-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6806-5p, miR-6842-5p, miR-6716-5p, miR-557, miR-4673, miR-4674, miR-4442, miR-1915-3p, miR-4687-3p, and miR-92b-3p.

(8) The kit according to claim 7), wherein miR-4417 is hsa-miR-4417, miR-4707-5p is hsa-miR-4707-5p, miR-7847-3p is hsa-miR-7847-3p, miR-2861 is hsa-miR-2861, miR-4513 is hsa-miR-4513, miR-7111-5p is hsa-miR-7111-5p, miR-6777-5p is hsa-miR-6777-5p, miR-7113-3p is hsa-miR-7113-3p, miR-4648 is hsa-miR-4648, miR-3184-5p is hsa-miR-3184-5p, miR-4271 is hsa-miR-4271, miR-6791-5p is hsa-miR-6791-5p, miR-642a-3p is hsa-miR-642a-3p, miR-7108-5p is hsa-miR-7108-5p, miR-128-1-5p is hsa-miR-128-1-5p, miR-5196-5p is hsa-miR-5196-5p, miR-3178 is hsa-miR-3178, miR-3656 is hsa-miR-3656, miR-92a-2-5p is hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, miR-6769b-5p is hsa-miR-6769b-5p, miR-4689 is hsa-miR-4689, miR-6076 is hsa-miR-6076, miR-92b-5p is hsa-miR-92h-5p, miR-6774-5p is hsa-miR-6774-5p, miR-486-3p is hsa-miR-486-3p, miR-6806-5p is hsa-miR-6806-5p, miR-6842-5p is hsa-miR-6842-5p, miR-6716-5p is hsa-miR-6716-5p, miR-557 is hsa-miR-557, miR-4673 is hsa-miR-4673, miR-4674 is hsa-miR-4674, miR-4442 is hsa-miR-4442, miR-1915-3p is hsa-miR-1915-3p, miR-4687-3p is hsa-miR-4687-3p, and miR-92b-3p is hsa-miR-92b-3p.

(9) The kit according to (7) or (8), wherein the nucleic acid(s) is a polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (k) to (o):

(k) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(l) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383;

(m) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(n) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(o) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (k) to (n).

(10) The kit according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the kit comprises at least two or more nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to at least two or more polynucleotides, respectively, selected from all of the pancreatic cancer markers according to (1) or (2).

(11) A device for the detection of pancreatic cancer, comprising a nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer markers miR-6893-5p, miR-6075, miR-6820-5p, miR-4294, miR-6729-5p, miR-4476, miR-6836-3p, miR-6765-3p, miR-6799-5p, miR-4530, miR-7641, miR-4454, miR-615-5p, miR-8073, miR-663a, miR-4634, miR-4450, miR-4792, miR-665, miR-7975, miR-7109-5p, miR-6789-5p, miR-4497, miR-6877-5p, miR-6880-5p, miR-7977, miR-4734, miR-6821-5p, miR-8089, miR-5585-3p, miR-6085, miR-6845-5p, miR-4651, miR-4433-3p, miR-1231, miR-4665-5p, miR-7114-5p, miR-1238-5p, miR-8069, miR-4732-5p, ma-619-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-1260a, miR-6741-5p, miR-6781-5p, miR-6125, miR-6805-5p, miR-6132, miR-6872-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-1908-3p, miR-4433b-3p, miR-4736, miR-5100, miR-6724-5p, miR-7107-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3185, miR-4638-5p, miR-1273g-3p, miR-6778-5p, miR-328-5p, miR-3679-3p, miR-1228-3p, miR-6779-5p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-760, miR-7704, miR-8072, miR-4486, miR-1913, miR-4656, miR-1260b, miR-7106-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6780b-5p, miR-6090, miR-4534, miR-4449, miR-5195-3p, miR-1202, miR-4467, miR-6515-3p, miR-4281, miR-4505, miR-4484, miR-6805-3p, miR-3135b, miR-3162-5p, miR-6768-5p, miR-6721-5p, miR-1227-5p, miR-6722-3p, miR-4286, miR-4746-3p, miR-6727-5p, miR-6816-5p, miR-4741, miR-4508, miR-940, miR-4327, miR-4665-3p, miR-718, miR-1203, miR-663b, miR-4258, miR-4649-5p, miR-4516, miR-3619-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-3131, miR-1343-3p, miR-6775-5p, miR-6813-5p, and miR-3940-5p.

(12) The device according to (11), wherein miR-6893-5p is hsa-miR-6893-5p, miR-6075 is hsa-miR-6075, miR-6820-5p is hsa-miR-6820-5p, miR-4294 is hsa-miR-4294, miR-6729-5p is hsa-miR-6729-5p, miR-4476 is hsa-miR-4476, miR-6836-3p is hsa-miR-6836-3p, miR-6765-3p is hsa-miR-6765-3p, miR-6799-5p is hsa-miR-6799-5p, miR-4530 is hsa-miR-4530, miR-7641 is hsa-miR-7641, miR-4454 is hsa-miR-4454, miR-615-5p is hsa-miR-615-5p, miR-8073 is hsa-miR-8073, miR-663a is hsa-miR-663a, miR-4634 is hsa-miR-4634, miR-4450 is hsa-miR-4450, miR-4792 is hsa-miR-4792, miR-665 is hsa-miR-665, miR-7975 is hsa-miR-7975, miR-7109-5p is hsa-miR-”7109-5p, ma-6789-5p is hsa-miR-6789-5p , miR-4497 is hsa-miR-4497, miR-6877-5p is hsa-miR-6877-5p, miR-6880-5p is hsa-miR-6880-5p, miR-7977 is hsa-miR-7977, miR-4734 is hsa-miR-4734, miR-6821-5p is hsa-miR-6821-5p, miR-8089 is hsa-miR-8089, miR-5585-3p is hsa-miR-5585-3p, miR-6085 is hsa-miR-6085, miR-6845-5p is hsa-miR-6845-5p, miR-4651 is hsa-miR-4651, miR-4433-3p is hsa-miR-4433-3p, miR-1231 is hsa-miR-1231, miR-4665-5p is hsa-miR-4665-5p, miR-7114-5p is hsa-miR-7114-5p, miR-1238-5p is hsa-miR-1238-5p, miR-8069 is hsa-miR-8069, miR-4732-5p is hsa-miR-4732-5p, miR-619-5p is hsa-miR-619-5_P, miR-3622a-5p is hsa-miR-3622a-5p, miR-1260a is hsa-miR-1260a, miR-6741-5p is hsa-miR-6741-5p, miR-6781-5p is hsa-miR-6781-5p, miR-6125 is hsa-miR-6125, miR-6805-5p is hsa-miR-6805-5p, miR-6132 is hsa-miR-6132, miR-6872-3p is hsa-miR-6872-3p, miR-6875-5p is hsa-miR-6875-5p, miR-1908-3p is hsa-miR-1908-3p, miR-4433b-3p is hsa-miR-4433b-3p, miR-4736 is hsa-miR-4736, miR-5100 is hsa-miR-5100, miR-6724-5p is hsa-miR-6724-5p, miR-7107-5p is hsa-miR-7107-5p, miR-6726-5p is hsa-miR-6726-5p, miR-3185 is hsa-miR-3185, miR-4638-5p is hsa-miR-4638-5p, miR-1273g-3p is hsa-miR-1273g-3p, miR-6778-5p is hsa-miR-6778-5p, miR-328-5p is hsa-miR-328-5p, miR-3679-3p is hsa-miR-3679-3p, miR-1228-3p is hsa-miR-1228-3p, miR-6779-5p is hsa-miR-6779-5p, miR-4723-5p is hsa-miR-4723-5p, miR-6850-5p is hsa-miR-6850-5p, miR-760 is hsa-miR-760, miR-7704 is hsa-miR-7704, miR-8072 is hsa-miR-8072, miR-4486 is hsa-miR-4486, miR-1913 is hsa-miR-1913, miR-4656 is hsa-miR-4656, miR-1260b is hsa-miR-1260b, miR-7106-5p is hsa-miR-7106-5p, miR-6889-5p is hsa-miR-6889-5p, miR-6780b-5p is hsa-miR-6780b-5p, miR-6090 is hsa-miR-6090, miR-4534 is hsa-miR-4534, miR-4449 is hsa-miR-4449, miR-5195-3p is hsa-miR-5195-3p, miR-1202 is hsa-miR-1202, miR-4467 is hsa-miR-4467, miR-6515-3p is hsa-miR-6515-3p, miR-4281 is hsa-miR-4281, miR-4505 is hsa-miR-4505, miR-4484 is hsa-miR-4484, miR-6805-3p is hsa-miR-6805-3p, miR-3135b is hsa-miR-3135b, miR-3162-5p is hsa-miR-3162-5p, miR-6768-5p is hsa-miR-6768-5p, miR-6721-5p is hsa-miR-6721-5p, miR-1227-5p is hsa-miR-1227-5p, miR-6722-3p is hsa-miR-6722-3p, miR-4286 is hsa-miR-4286, miR-4746-3p is hsa-miR-4746-3p, miR-6727-5p is hsa-miR-6727-5p, miR-6816-5p is hsa-miR-6816-5p, miR-4741 is hsa-miR-4741, miR-4508 is hsa-miR-4508, miR-940 is hsa-miR-940, miR-4327 is hsa-miR-4327, miR-4665-3p is hsa-miR-4665-3p, ‘R-718 is hsa-miR-718, miR-1203 is hsa-miR-1203, miR-663b is hsa-miR-663b, miR-4258 is hsa-miR-4258, miR-4649-5p is hsa-miR-4649-5p, miR-4516 is hsa-miR-4516, miR-3619-3p is hsa-miR-3619-3p, miR-6826-5p is hsa-miR-6826-5p, miR-6757-5p is hsa-miR-6757-5p, miR-3131 is hsa-miR-3131, miR-1343-3p is hsa-miR-1343-3p, miR-6775-5p is hsa-miR-6775-5p, miR-6813-5p is hsa-miR-6813-5p, and miR-3940-5p is hsa-miR-3940-5p.

(13) The device according to (11) or (12), wherein the nucleic acid(s) is a polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (a) to (e):

(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494;

(c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (a) to (d).

The device according to any one of (11) to (13), wherein the device further comprises a nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of other pancreatic cancer markers miR-125a-3p, miR-204-3p, miR-1469, miR-575, miR-150-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-564, miR-3188, miR-1246, miR-602, miR-1290, miR-16-5p, miR-451a, miR-24-3p, miR-87-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-371a-5p, and miR-550a-5p.

(15) The device according to (14), wherein miR-125a-3p is hsa-miR-125a-3p, miR-204-3p is hsa-miR-204-3p, miR-1469 is hsa-miR-1469, miR-575 is hsa-miR-575, miR-150-3p is hsa-miR-150-3p, miR-423-5p is hsa-miR-423-5p, miR-564 is hsa-miR-564, miR-3188 is hsa-miR-3188, miR-1246 is hsa-miR-1246, miR-602 is hsa-miR-602, miR-1290 is hsa-miR-1290, miR-16-5p is hsa-miR-16-5p, miR-451a is hsa-miR-451a, miR-24-3p is hsa-miR-24-3p, miR-187-5p is hsa-miR-187-5p, miR-1908-5p is hsa-miR-1908-5p, miR-371a-5p is hsa-miR-371a-5p, and miR-550a-5p is hsa-miR-550a-5p.

(16) The device according to (14) or (15), wherein the nucleic acid(s) is a polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (f) to (j):

(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122;

(h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (f) to (i).

(17) The device according to any one of (11) to (16), wherein the device further comprises a nucleic acids) capable of specifically binding to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of other pancreatic cancer markers miR-4417, miR-4707-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-2861, miR-4513, miR-7111-5p, miR-6777-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-4648, miR-3184-5p, miR-4271, miR-6791-5p, rni.R-642a-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-5196-5p, miR-3178, miR-3656, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-6769b-5p, miR-4689, miR-6076, miR-92b-5p, miR-6774-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6806-5p, miR-6842-5p, miR-6716-5p, miR-557, miR-4673, miR-4674, miR-444 miR-1915-3p, miR-4687-3p and miR-92b-3p.

(18) The device according to (17), wherein miR-4417 is hsa-miR-4417, miR-4707-5p is hsa-miR-4707-5p, miR-7847-3p is hsa-miR-7847-3p, miR-2861 is hsa-miR-2861, miR-4513 is hsa-miR-4513, miR-7111-5p is hsa-miR-7111-5p, miR-6777-5p is hsa-miR-6777-5p, miR-7113-3p is hsa-miR-7113-3p, miR-4648 is hsa-miR-4648, miR-3184-5p is hsa-miR-3184-5p, miR-4271 is hsa-miR-4271, miR-6791-5p is hsa-miR-6791-5p, miR-642a-3p is hsa-miR-642a-3p, miR-7108-5p is hsa-miR-7108-5p, miR-128-1-5p is hsa-miR-128-1-5p, miR-5196-5p is hsa-miR-5196-5p, miR-3178 is hsa-miR-3178, miR-3656 is hsa-miR-3656, miR-92a-2-5p is hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, miR-6769b-5p is hsa-miR-6769b-5p, miR-4689 is hsa-miR-4689, miR-6076 is hsa-miR-6076, miR-92b-5p is hsa-miR-92b-5p, miR-6774-5p is hsa-miR-6774-5p, miR-486-3p is hsa-miR-486-3p, miR-6806-5p is hsa-miR-6806-5p, miR-6842-5p is hsa-miR-6842-5p, miR-6716-5p is hsa-miR-6716-5p, miR-557 is hsa-miR-557, miR-4673 is hsa-miR-4673, miR-4674 is hsa-miR-4674, miR-4442 is hsa-miR-4442, miR-1915-3p is hsa-miR-1915-3p, miR-4687-3p is hsa-miR-4687-3p, and miR-92b-3p is hsa-miR-92b-3p.

(19) The device according to (17) or (18), wherein the nucleic acid(s) is a polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (k) to (o):

(k) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(l) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383;

(m) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(n) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(o) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (k) to (n).

(20) The device according to any one of (11) to (19), wherein the device is for measurement based on a hybridization technique.

(21) The device according to (20), wherein the hybridization technique is a nucleic acid array technique.

(22) The device according to any one of (11) to (21), wherein the device comprises at least two or more nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to at least two or more polynucleotides, respectively, selected from all of the pancreatic cancer markers according to (11) or (12).

(23) A method for detecting pancreatic cancer, comprising: measuring an expression level(s) of a target nucleic acid(s) in a sample from a subject using a kit according to any one of (1) to (10) or a device according to any one of (11) to (22); and evaluating in vitro whether or not the subject has pancreatic cancer using both of the measured expression level(s) and a control expression level(s) in a sample from a healthy subject measured in the same way.

(24) The method according to (23), wherein the subject is a human.

(25) The method according to (23) or (24), wherein the sample is blood, serum, or plasma.

<Definition of Terms>

The terms used herein are defined as described below.

The term “pancreatic cancer” used herein refers to any malignant tumor formed in the pancreas. Specifically, the “pancreatic cancer” includes serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine cancer, and the like (“General Rules for the Study of Pancreatic Cancer”, the 6th edition, revised version, 2013, Japan Pancreas Society, KANEHARA & Co., LTD., p. 21-22)

The term “benign tumors and/or benign diseases of the pancreas and/or peripancreatic organs” used herein refers to diseases with nonmalignant tumors in the pancreas, the liver, and the bile duct.

Abbreviations or terms such as “nucleotide”, “polynucleotide”, “DNA”, and “RNA” used herein abide by “Guidelines for the preparation of specification which contain nucleotide and/or amino acid sequences” (edited by Japan Patent Office) and common use in the art.

The term “polynucleotide” used herein refers to a nucleic acid including any of RNA, DNA, and RNA/DNA (chimera). The DNA includes any of cDNA, genomic DNA, and synthetic DNA. The RNA includes any of total RNA, mRNA, rRNA, miRNA, siRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, non-coding RNA and synthetic RNA. Here the “synthetic DNA” and the “synthetic RNA” refer to a DNA and an RNA artificially prepared using, for example, an automatic nucleic acid synthesizer, on the basis of predetermined nucleotide sequences (which may be any of natural and non-natural sequences). The “non-natural sequence” is intended to be used in a broad sense and includes, for example, a sequence comprising substitution, deletion, insertion, and/or addition of one or more nucleotides (i.e., a variant sequence) and a sequence comprising one or more modified nucleotides (i.e., a modified sequence), which are different from the natural sequence. Herein, the term “polynucleotide” is used interchangeably with the term “nucleic acid.”

The term “fragment” used herein is a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence that consists of a consecutive portion of a polynucleotide and desirably has a length of 15 or more nucleotides, preferably 17 or more nucleotides, more preferably 19 or more nucleotides.

The term “gene” used herein is intended to include not only RNA and double-stranded DNA but also each single-stranded DNA such as a plus(+) strand (or a sense strand) or a complementary strand (or an antisense strand) constituting the duplex. The gene is not particularly limited by its length.

Thus, the “gene” used herein includes any of double-stranded DNA including human genomic DNA, single-stranded DNA (plus strand) including cDNA, single-stranded DNA having a sequence complementary to the plus strand (complementary strand), microRNA (miRNA), and their fragments, and their transcripts, unless otherwise specified. The “gene” includes not only a “gene” represented by a particular nucleotide sequence (or SEQ ID NO) but “nucleic acids” encoding RNAs having biological functions equivalent to RNA encoded by the gene, for example, a congener (i.e., a homolog or an ortholog), a variant (e.g., a genetic polymorph), and a derivative. Specific examples of such a “nucleic acid” encoding a congener, a variant, or a derivative can include a “nucleic acid” having a nucleotide sequence hybridizing under stringent conditions described later to a complementary sequence of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 499 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with 1. Regardless whether or not there is a difference in functional region, the “gene” can comprise, for example, expression control regions, coding region, exons, or introns. The “gene” may be contained in a cell or may exist alone after being released from a cell. Alternatively, the “gene” may be in a state enclosed in a vesicle called exosome.

The term “exosome” used herein is a vesicle that is encapsulated by lipid bilayer and secreted from a cell. The exosome is derived from a multivesicular endosome and may incorporate biomaterials such as “genes” (e.g., RNA or DNA) or proteins when released into arc extracellular environment. The exosome is known to be contained in a body fluid such as blood, serum, plasma, serum or lymph.

The term “transcript” used herein refers to an RNA synthesized from the DNA sequence of a gene as a template. RNA polymerase binds to a site called promoter located upstream of the gene and adds ribonucleotides complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the DNA to the 3′ end to synthesize an RNA. This RNA contains not only the gene itself but the whole sequence from a transcription initiation site to the end of a polyA sequence, including expression control regions, coding region, exons, Of introns.

Unless otherwise specified, the term “microRNA (miRNA)” used herein is intended to mean a 15- to 25-nucleotide non-coding RNA that is transcribed as an RNA precursor having a hairpin-like structure, cleaved by a dsRNA-cleaving enzyme having RNase III cleavage activity, and integrated into a protein complex called RISC, and that is involved in the suppression of translation of snRNA. The term “miRNA” used herein includes not only a “miRNA” represented by a particular nucleotide sequence (or SEQ ID NO) but a precursor of the “miRNA” (pre-miRNA or pri-miRNA), and miRNAs having biological functions equivalent thereto, for example, a congener (i.e., a homolog or an ortholog), a variant (e.g., a genetic polymorph), and a derivative. Such a precursor, a congener, a variant, or a derivative can be specifically identified using miRBase Release 20 (http://www.mirbase.org/), and examples thereof can include a “miRNA” having a nucleotide sequence hybridizing under stringent conditions described later to a complementary sequence of any particular nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 499. The cern “miRNA” used herein may be a gene product of a miR gene. Such a gene product includes a mature miRNA (e.g., a 15- to 25-nucleotide or 19- to 25-nucleotide non-coding RNA involved in the suppression of translation of mRNA as described above) or a miRNA precursor(e.g., pre-miRNA or pri-miRNA as described above).

The term “probe” used herein includes a polynucleatide that is used for specifically detecting an RNA resulting from the expression of a gene or a polynucleotide derived from the RNA, and/or a polynucleotide complementary thereto.

The term “primer” used herein includes a polynucleotide that specifically recognizes and amplifies an RNA resulting from the expression of a gene or a polynucleotide derived from the RNA, and/or a polynucleotide complementary thereto.

In this context, the complementary polynucleotide (complementary strand or reverse strand) means a polynucleotide in a complementary relationship based on A:T (U) and G:C base pairs with the full-length sequence of a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence defined by any of SEQ IIS NOs: 1 to 499 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, or a partial sequence thereof (here, this full-length or partial sequence is referred to as a plus strand for the sake of convenience). However, such a complementary strand is not limited to a sequence completely complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the target plus strand and may have a complementary relationship to an extent that permits hybridization under stringent conditions to the target plus strand.

The term “stringent conditions” used herein refers to conditions under which a nucleic acid probe hybridizes to its target sequence to a detectably larger extent (e.g., a measurement value equal to or larger than “(a mean of background measurement values)+(a standard deviation of the background measurement values)×2”) than that for other sequences. The stringent conditions are dependent on a sequence and differ depending on an environment where hybridization is performed. A target sequence complementary 100% to the nucleic acid probe can be identified by controlling the stringency of hybridization and/or washing conditions, Specific examples of the “stringent conditions” will be mentioned later.

The term “Tm value” used herein means a temperature at which the double-stranded moiety of a polynucleotide is denatured into single strands so that the double strands and the single strands exist at a ratio of 1:1.

The term “variant” used herein means, in the case of a nucleic acid, a natural variant attributed to polymorphism, mutation, or the like; a variant containing the deletion, substitution, addition, or insertion of 1 or 2 or more nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 499 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, or a partial sequence thereof; a variant that exhibits percent (%) identity of approximately 90% or higher, approximately 95% or higher, approximately 97% or higher, approximately 98% or higher, approximately 99% or higher to each of these nucleotide sequences or the partial sequences thereof; or a nucleic acid hybridizing under the stringent conditions defined above to a polynucleotide or an oligonucleotide comprising each of these nucleotide sequences or the partial sequences thereof.

The term “several” used herein means an integer of approximately 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2.

The variant as used herein can be prepared by use of a well-known technique such as site-directed mutagenesis or mutagenesis using PCR.

The term “percent (%) identity” used herein can be determined with or without an introduced gap, using a protein or gene search system based on BLAST or FASTA (Zheng Zhang et al., 2000, J. Comput. Biol., Vol. 7, p. 203-214; Altschul, S. F, et al., 1990, Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 215, p. 403-410; and Pearson, W. R. et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., Vol. 85, p. 2444-2448),

The term “derivative” used herein is meant to include unlimitedly a modified nucleic acid, for example, a derivative labeled with a fluorophore or the like, a derivative containing a modified nucleotide (e.g., a nucleotide containing a group such as halogen, alkyl such as methyl, alkoxy such as methoxy, thio, or carboxymethyl, and a nucleotide that has undergone base rearrangement, double bond saturation, deamination, replacement of an oxygen molecule with a sulfur atom, etc.), PNA (peptide nucleic acid; Nielsen, P. E. et al., 1991, Science, Vol. 254, p. 1497-500), and LNA (locked nucleic. acid; Obika, S. et al., 1998, Tetrahedron Lett., Vol. 39, p. 5401-5404).

As used herein, the “nucleic acid” capable of specifically binding to a polynucleotide selected from the pancreatic cancer marker miRNAs described above is a synthesized or prepared nucleic acid and specifically includes a “nucleic acid probe” or a “primer”. The “nucleic acid” is utilized directly or indirectly for detecting the presence or absence of pancreatic cancer in a subject, for diagnosing the presence or absence or the severity of pancreatic cancer, the presence or absence or the degree of amelioration of pancreatic cancer, or the therapeutic sensitivity of pancreatic cancer, or for screening for a candidate substance useful in the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of pancreatic cancer. The “nucleic acid” includes a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, and a polynucleotide capable of specifically recognizing and binding to a transcript represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 499 or a synthetic cDNA nucleic acid thereof in vivo, particularly, in a sample such as a body fluid (e.g., blood or urine), in relation to the development of pancreatic cancer. The nucleotide, the oligonucleotide, and the polynucleotide can be effectively used as probes for detecting the aforementioned gene expressed in vivo, in tissues, in cells, or the like on the basis of the properties described above, or as primers for amplifying the aforementioned gene expressed in vivo.

The term “detection” used herein is interchangeable with the term “examination”, “measurement”, “detection”, or “decision support”. As used herein, the term “evaluation” is meant to include diagnosing or evaluation-supporting on the basis of examination results or measurement results.

The term “subject” used herein means a mammal such as a primate including a human and a chimpanzee, a pet animal including a dog and a cat, a livestock animal including cattle, a horse, sheep, and a goat, and a rodent including a mouse and a rat. The term “healthy subject” also means such a mammal without the cancer to be detected.

The term “P” or “P value” used herein refers to a probability at which a more extreme statistic than that actually calculated from data under null hypothesis is observed in a statistical test. Thus, smaller “P” or “P value” is regarded as being a more significant difference between subjects to be compared.

The term “sensitivity” used herein means a value of (the number of true positives)/(the number of true positives+the number of false negatives). High sensitivity allows pancreatic cancer to be detected early, leading to the complete resection of cancer sites and reduction in the rate of recurrence.

The term “specificity” used herein means a value of (the number of true negatives)/(the number of true negatives+the number of false positives). High specificity prevents needless extra examination for healthy subjects misjudged as being pancreatic cancer patients, leading to reduction in burden on patients and reduction in medical expense.

The term “accuracy” used herein means a value of (the number of true positives+the number of true negatives)/(the total number of cases). The accuracy indicates the ratio of samples that are identified correctly to all samples, and serves as a primary index for evaluating detection performance.

As used herein, the “sample” that is subject to determination, detection, or diagnosis refers to a tissue and a biological material in which the expression of the gene of the present invention varies as pancreatic cancer develops, as pancreatic cancer progresses, or as therapeutic effects on pancreatic cancer are exerted. Specifically, the “sample” refers to a pancreatic tissue, a peripancreatic vascular channel, lymph node, and organ, an organ suspected of having metastasis, the skin, a body fluid such as blood, urine, saliva, sweat, or tissue exudates, serum or plasma prepared from blood, feces, hair, and the like. The “sample” further refers to a biological sample extracted therefrom, specifically, a gene such as RNA or miRNA.

The term “hsa-miR-6893-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6893-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6893-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027686) described in SEQ ID NO: 1, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6893-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6893” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022740, SEQ ID NO: 123) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6893-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6075 gene” or “hsa-miR-6075” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6075 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0023700) described in SEQ ID NO: 2, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6075 gene can be obtained by a method described in Voellenkle C et al., 2012, RNA., Vol. 18, p. 472-484. Also, “hsa-mir-6075” (miRBase Accession No. MI0020352, SEQ ID NO: 124) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6075”.

The term “hsa-miR-6820-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6820-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6820-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027540) described in SEQ ID NO: 3, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6820-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6820” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022665, SEQ ID NO: 125) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6820-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4294 gene” or “hsa-miR-4294” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4294 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0016849) described in SEQ ID NO: 4, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4294 gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A et al., 2009, PLoS One., Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-tnir-4294” (iniRBase Accession No. MI[0015827, SEQ ID NO: 126) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4294”.

The term “hsa-miR-6729-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6729-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6729-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027359) described in SEQ ID NO: 5, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6729-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6729” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022574, SEQ ID NO: 127) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6729-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4476 gene” or “hsa-miR-4476” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4476 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019003) described in SEQ ID NO: 6, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4476 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4476” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016828, SEQ ID NO: 128) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4476”.

The term “hsa-miR-6836-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6836-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6836-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027575) described in SEQ ID NO: 7, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6836-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6836” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022682, SEQ ID NO: 129) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6836-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6765-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6765-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6765-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027431) described in SEQ ID NO: 8, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6765-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6765” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022610, SEQ ID NO: 130) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6765-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6799-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6799-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6799-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027498) described in SEQ ID NO: 9, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6799-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6799” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022644, SEQ ID NO: 131) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6799-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4530 gene” or “hsa-miR-4530” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4530 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019069) described in SEQ ID NO: 10, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4530 gene can be obtained by a method described in n Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4530” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016897, SEQ ID NO: 132) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4530”.

The term “hsa-miR-7641 gene” or “hsa-miR-7641” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7641 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0029782) described in SEQ ID NO: 11, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7641 gene can be obtained by a method described in Yoo J K et al., 2013, Arch Pharm Res., Vol. 36, p. 353-358. Also, “hsa-mir-7641-1. and hsa-mir-7641-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0024975 and MI0024976, SEQ ID NOs: 133 and 134) a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-7641”.

The term “hsa-miR-4454 gene” or “hsa-miR-4454” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4454 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018976) described in SEQ ID NO: 12, a homoloe or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4454 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, el 18-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4454” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016800, SEQ ID NO: 135) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4454”.

The term “hsa-miR-615-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-615-5p” used in the present specification includes the hsa-miR-615-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004804) described in SEQ ID NO: 13, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-615-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M. 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-615” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003628, SEQ ID NO: 136) haying a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-615-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-8073 gene” or “hsa-miR-8073” used herein includes the hsa-miR-8073 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0031000) described in SEQ ID NO: 14, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-8073 gene can be obtained by a method described in Wang H J et al., 2013, Shock., Vol. 39, p. 480-487. Also, “hsa-mir-8073” (miRBase Accession No. MI0025909, SEQ ID NO: 137) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-8073”.

The term “hsa-miR-663a gene” or “hsa-miR-663a ” used herein includes the hsa-miR-663a gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003326) described in SEQ ID NO: 15, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-663a gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M. 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci, Vol: 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-663a” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003672, SEQ ID NO: 138) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-663a”.

The term “hsa-miR-4634 gene” or “hsa-miR-4634” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4634 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019691) described in SEQ ID NO: 16, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4634 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011. Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4634” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017261, SEQ ID NO: 139) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4634”.

The term “hsa-miR-4450 gene” or “hsa-miR-4450” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4450 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT001.8971) described in SEQ ID NO: 17, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4450 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4450” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016795, SEQ ID NO: 140) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4450”.

The term “hsa-miR-4792 gene” or “hsa-miR-4792” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4792 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019964) described in SEQ ID NO: 18, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4792 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4792” (miRBase Accession No. MI10017439, SEQ ID NO: 141) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4792”.

The term “hsa-miR-665 gene” or “hsa-miR-665” used herein includes the hsa-miR-665 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004952) described in SEQ ID NO: 19, a homolog or art ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-665 gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov E et al., 2006, Genome Res., Vol. 16, p. 1289-1298. Also, “hsa-mir-665” (miRBase Accession No. MI0005563, SEQ ID NO: 142) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-665”.

The term “hsa-miR-7975 gene” or “hsa-miR-7975” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7975 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0031178) described in SEQ ID NO: 20, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7975 gene can be obtained by a method described in Velthut-Meikas A et al., 2013, Mol Endocrinol, [Epub prior to print]. Also, “hsa-mir-7975” (miRBase Accession No. MI0025751, SEQ ID NO: 143) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7975”.

The term “hsa-miR-7109-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7109-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7109-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MEMAT0028115) described in SEQ ID NO: 21, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The lisa-miR-7109-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-7109” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022960, SEQ ID NO: 144) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7109-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6789-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6789-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6789-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027478) described in SEQ ID NO: 22, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6789-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6789” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022634, SEQ ID NO: 145) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6789-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4497 gene” or “hsa-miR-4497” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4497 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019032) described in SEQ ID NO: 23. a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4497 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4497” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016859, SEQ ID NO: 146) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4497”.

The term “hsa-miR-6877-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6877-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6877-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027654) described in SEQ ID NO: 24, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6877-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6877” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022724, SEQ ID NO: 147) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6877-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6880-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6880-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6880-5p gene (iniRBase Accession No. MEMAT0027660) described in SEQ ID NO: 25, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The lisa-miR-6880-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6880” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022727, SEQ ID NO: 148) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6880-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7977 gene” or “hsa-miR-7977” used herein includes the lisa-miR-7977 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0031180) described in SEQ ID NO: 26, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7977 gene can be obtained by a method described in Velthut-Meikas A et al., 2013, Mol Endocrinol. [Epub prior to print]. Also, “hsa-mir-7977” (mIRBase Accession No. MI0025753, SEQ ID NO: 149) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7977”.

The term “hsa-miR-4734 gene” or “hsa-miR-4734” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4734 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019859) described in SEQ ID NO: 27, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4734 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4734” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017371, SEQ ID NO: 150) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4734”.

The term “hsa-miR-6821-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6821-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6821-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027542) described in SEQ ID NO: 28, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6821-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6821” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022666, SEQ ID NO: 151) haying a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6821-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-8089 gene” or “hsa-miR-8089” used herein includes the hsa-miR-8089 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0031016) described in SEQ ID NO: 29, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-8089 gene can be obtained by a method described in Wang H J et al., 2013, Shock., Vol. 39, p. 480-487. Also, “hsa-mir-8089” (miRBase Accession No. MI0025925, SEQ ID NO: 152) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-8089”.

The tem “hsa-miR-5585-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-5585-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-5585-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022286) described in SEQ ID NO: 30, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-5585-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Friedlander M R et al., 2012, Nucleic Acids Res., Vol. 40, p. 37-52. Also “hsa-mir-5585” (miRBase Accession No. MI0019142, SEQ ID NO: 153) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-5585-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6085 gene” or “hsa-miR-6085” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6085 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0023710) described in SEQ ID NO: 31, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6085 gene can be obtained by a method described in Voellencle C et al., 2012, RNA., Vol. 18, p. 472-484. Also, “hsa-mir-6085” (miRBase Accession No. MI0020362, SEQ ID NO: 154) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6085”.

The term “hsa-miR-6845-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6845-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6845-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027590) described in SEQ ID NO: 32, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6845-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6845” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022691, SEQ ID NO: 155) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6845-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4651 gene” or “hsa-miR-4651” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4651 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT001.9715) described in SEQ ID NO: 33, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4651 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4651” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017279, SEQ ID NO: 156) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4651”.

The term “hsa-miR-4433-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4433-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4433-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018949) described in SEQ ID NO: 34, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4433-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4433” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016773, SEQ ID NO: 157) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4433-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1231 gene” or “hsa-miR-1231” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1231 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005586) described in SEQ ID NO: 35, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1231 gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov E et al., 2007, Mol Cell., Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also, “hsa-mir-1231” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006321, SEQ ID NO: 158) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1231”.

The term “hsa-miR-4665-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4665-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4665-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019739) described in SEQ ID NO: 36, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4665-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4665” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017295, SEQ ID NO: 159) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4665-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7114-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7114-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7114-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028125) described in SEQ ID NO: 37, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7114-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-7114” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022965, SEQ ID NO: 160) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7114-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1238-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1238-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1238-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022947) described in SEQ ID NO: 38, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1238-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov E et al., 2007, Mol Cell., Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also, “hsa-mir-1238” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006328, SEQ ID NO: 161) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1238-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-8069 gene” or “hsa-miR-8069” used herein includes the hsa-miR-8069 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030996) described in SEQ ID NO: 39, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-8069 gene can be obtained by a method described in Wang H J et al., 2013, Shock., Vol. 39, p. 480-487. Also, “hsa-mir-8069” (miRBase Accession No. MI00 .5905, SEQ ID NO: 162) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-8069”.

The term “hsa-miR-4732-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4732-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4732-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019855) described in SEQ ID NO: 40, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4732-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson 14 et al., 2011. Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4732” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017369, SEQ ID NO: 163) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4732-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-619-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-619-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-619-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0026622) described in SEQ ID NO: 41, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-619-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M, 2006, Proc Natl. Acad Sci, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-619” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003633, SEQ ID NO: 164) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-619-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3622a-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3622a-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3622a-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT001.8003) described in SEQ ID NO: 42, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3622a-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Witten D et al., 2010. BMC Biol., Vol. 8, p. 58. Also, “hsa-mir-3622a” (rniRBase Accession No. MI0016013, SEQ ID NO: 165) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3622a-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1260a gene” or “hsa-miR-1260a” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1260a gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005911) described in SEQ ID NO: 43, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1260a gene can be obtained by a method described in Morin R D et al., 2008. Genome Res., Vol. 18, p. 610-621. Also, “hsa-mir-1260a” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006394, SEQ ID NO: 166) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1260a”.

The term “hsa-miR-6741-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6741 -5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6741-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027383) described in SEQ ID NO: 44, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6741-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6741” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022586, SEQ ID NO: 167) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6741-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6781-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6781-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6781-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027462) described in SEQ ID NO: 45, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The lisa-miR-6781-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6781” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022626, SEQ ID NO: 168) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6781-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6125 gene” or “hsa-miR-6125” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6125 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0024598) described in SEQ ID NO: 46, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6125 gene can be obtained by a method described in Smith J L et al., 2012, J Virol., Vol. 86, p. 5278-5287. Also, “hsa-mir-6125” (miRBase Accession No. MI0021 .59, SEQ ID NO: 169) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6125”.

The term “hsa-miR-6805-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6805-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6805-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027510) described in SEQ ID NO: 47, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6805-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6805” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022650, SEQ ID NO: 170) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6805-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6132 gene” or “hsa-miR-6132” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6132 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0024616) described in SEQ ID NO: 48, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6132 gene can be obtained by a method described in Dannemann M, 2012, Genome Biol Evol., Vol. 4, p. 552-564. Also, “hsa-mir-6132” (miRBase Accession No. MI0021277, SEQ ID NO: 171) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6132”.

The term “hsa-miR-6872-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6872-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6872-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027645) described in SEQ ID NO: 49, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6872-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6872” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022719, SEQ ID NO: 172) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6872-3p”.

The tem “hsa-miR-6875-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6875-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6875-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027650) described in SEQ ID NO: 50, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6875-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6875” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022722, SEQ ID NO: 173) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6875-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1908-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1908-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1908-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0026916) described in SEQ ID NO: 51, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1908-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar M et al., 2008, Stem Cells., Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1908” (miRBase Accession No. MI0008329, SEQ ID NO: 174) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1908-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4433b-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4433b-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4433b-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030414) described in SEQ ID NO: 52, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4433b-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ple H et al., 2012, PLoS One., Vol. 7, e50746. Also, “hsa-mir-4433h” (miRBase Accession No. MI0025511, SEQ ID NO: 175) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4433b-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4736 gene” or “hsa-miR-4736” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4736 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT001.9862) described in SEQ ID NO: 53, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4736 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4736” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017373, SEQ ID NO: 176) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4736”.

The term “hsa-miR-5100 gene” or “hsa-miR-5100” used herein includes the hsa-miR-5100 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022259) described in SEQ ID NO: 54, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-5100 gene can be obtained by a method described in Tandon M et al., 2012, Oral Dis., Vol. 18, p. 127-131. Also, “hsa-mir-5100” (miRBase Accession No. MI0019116, SEQ ID NO: 177) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-5100”.

The term “hsa-miR-6724-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6724-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6724-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025856) described in SEQ ID NO: 55 a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6724-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Li Y et al., 2012, Gene., Vol. 497, p. 330-335. Also, “hsa-mir-6724” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022559, SEQ ID NO: 178) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6724-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7107-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7107-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7107-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028111) described in SEQ ID NO: 56, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7107-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-7107” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022958, SEQ ID NO: 179) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7107-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6726-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6726-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6726-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027353) described in SEQ ID NO: 57, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6726-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6726” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022571, SEQ ID NO: 180) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6726-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3185 gene” or “hsa-miR-3185” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3185 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015065) described in SEQ ID NO: 58, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3185 gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010, PLoS One., Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3185” (miRBase Accession No. MI0014227, SEQ ID NO: 181) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3185”.

The term “hsa-miR-4638-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4638-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4638-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019695) described in SEQ ID NO: 59, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4638-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4638” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017265, SEQ ID NO: 182) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4638-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1273g-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1273g-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1273g-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022742) described in SEQ ID NO: 60, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1273g-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Reshmi G et al., 2011, Genomics., Vol. 97, p. 333-340. Also, “hsa-mir-1273g” (miRBase Accession No. MI0018003, SEQ ID NO: 183) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1273g-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6778-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6778-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6778-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027456) described in SEQ ID NO: 61, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6778-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6778” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022623, SEQ ID NO: 184) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6778-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-328-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-328-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-328-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0026486) described in SEQ ID NO: 62, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-328-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Kim J et al., 2004, Proc Natl Acad Sci, Vol. 101, p. 360-365. Also, “hsa-mir-328” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000804, SEQ ID NO: 185) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-328-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3679-3p gene” or hsa-miR-3679-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3679-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018105) described in SEQ ID NO: 63, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3679-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Creighton C J et al., 2010, PLoS One., Vol. 5, e9637. Also, “hsa-mir-3679” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016080, SEQ ID NO: 186) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3679-3”.

The term “hsa-miR-1228-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1228-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1228-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005583) described in SEQ ID NO: 64, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1228-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov E et al., 2007, Mol Cell., Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also, “hsa-mir-1228” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006318, SEQ ID NC): 187) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1228-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6779-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6779-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6779-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027458) described in SEQ ID NO: 65, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6779-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6779” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022624, SEQ ID NO: 188) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6779-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4723-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4723-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4723-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019838) described in SEQ ID NO: 66, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4723-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4723” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017359, SEQ ID NO: 189) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4723-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6850-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6850-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6850-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027600) described in SEQ ID NO: 67, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6850-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6850” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022696, SEQ ID NO: 190) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6850-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-760 gene” or “hsa-miR-760” used herein includes the hsa-miR-760 gene ase Accession No. MIMAT0004957) described in SEQ ID NO: 68, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-760 gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov E et al., 2006, Genome Res., Vol. 16, p. 1289-1298. Also, “hsa-tnir-760” (miRBase Accession No. MI0005567, SEQ ID NO: 191) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-760”,

The term “hsa-miR-7704 gene” or “hsa-miR-7704” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7704 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030019) described in SEQ ID NO: 69, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7704 gene can be obtained by a method described in Swaminathan S et al., 2013, Biochem Biophvs Res Commun., Vol. 434, p. 228-234. Also, “hsa-mir-7704” (miRBase Accession No. MI0025240, SEQ ID NO: 192) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7704”.

The term “hsa-miR-8072 gene” or “hsa-miR-8072” used herein includes the hsa-miR-8072 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030999) described in SEQ ID NO: 70, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-8072 gene can be obtained by a method described in Wang H J et al., 2013, Shock., Vol. 39, p. 480-487. Also, “hsa-mir-8072” (miRBase Accession No. MI0025908, SEQ ID NO: 193) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-8072”.

The term “hsa-miR-4486 gene” or “hsa-miR-4486” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4486 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019020) described in SEQ ID NO: 71, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4486 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4486” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016847, SEQ ID NO: 194) ming a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4486”.

The term “hsa-miR-1913 gene” or “hsa-miR-1913” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1913 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007888) described in SEQ ID NO: 72, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1913 gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar M et al., 2008, Stem Cells., Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1913” (miRBase Accession No. MI0008334, SEQ ID NO: 195) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1913”.

The term “hsa-miR-4656 gene” or “hsa-miR-4656” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4656 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT001.9723) described in SEQ ID NO: 73, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4656 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4656” (iniRBase Accession No. MI0017284, SEQ ID NO: 196) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4656”.

The term “hsa-miR-1260b gene” or “hsa-miR-1260b” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1260b gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015041) described in SEQ ID NO: 74, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1260b gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010, PLoS One., Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-1260b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0014197, SEQ ID NO: 197) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1260b”.

The term “hsa-miR-7106-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7106-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7106-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028109) described in SEQ ID NO: 75, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7106-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-7106” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022957, SEQ ID NO: 198) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7106-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6889-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6889-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6889-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027678) described in SEQ ID NO: 76, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6889-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6889” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022736, SEQ ID NO: 199) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6889-5p”.

The term “ sa-miR-6780b-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6780b-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6780b-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027572) described in SEQ ID NO: 77, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6780b-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also. “hsa-mir-6780b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022681, SEQ ID NO: 200) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6780b-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6090 gene” or “hsa-miR-6090” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6090 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0023715) described in SEQ ID NO: 78, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6090 gene can be obtained by a method described in Yoo J K et al., 2013, Arch Pharm Res., Vol. 36, p. 353-358. Also, “hsa-mir-6090” (miRBase Accession No. MI0020367, SEQ ID NO: 201) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6090”.

The term “hsa-miR-4534 gene” or “hsa-miR-4534” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4534 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019073) described in SEQ ID NO: 79, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4534 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4534” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016901, SEQ ID NO: 202) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4534”.

The term “hsa-miR-4449 gene” or “hsa-miR-4449” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4449 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018968) described in SEQ ID NO: 80, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4449 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4449” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016792, SEQ ID NO: 203) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4449”.

The term “hsa-miR-5195-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-5195-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-5195-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0021127) described in SEQ ID NO: 81, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-5195-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Schotte D et al., 2011, Leukemia, Vol. 25. p. 1389-1399. Also, “hsa-mir-5195” (miRBase Accession No. MI0018174, SEQ ID NO: 204) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-5195-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1202 gene” or “hsa-miR-1202” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1202 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005865) described in SEQ ID NO: 82, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1202 gene can be obtained by a method described in Marton S et al., 2008, Leukemia, Vol. 22, p. 330-338. Also, “hsa-mir-1202” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006334, SEQ ID NO: 205) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1202”.

The term “hsa-miR-4467 gene” or “hsa-miR-4467” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4467 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018994) described in SEQ ID NO: 83, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4467 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4467” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016818, SEQ ID NO: 06) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4467”.

The term “hsa-miR-6515-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6515-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6515-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025487) described in SEQ ID NO: 84, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6515-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Joyce C E et al., 2011, Hum Mol Genet., Vol. 20, p. 4025-4040. Also, “hsa-mir-6515” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022227, SEQ ID NO: 207) haying a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6515-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4281 gene” or “hsa-miR-4281” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4281 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT001.6907) described in SEQ ID NO: 85, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4281 gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A et al., 2009, PLoS One., Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4281” (miRBase Accession No. MI0015885, SEQ ID NO: 208) haying a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4281”.

The term “hsa-miR-4505 gene” or “hsa-miR-4505” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4505 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019041) described in SEQ ID NO: 86, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4505 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4505” (miRBase Accession No. NI10016868, SEQ ID NO: 209) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4505”.

The term “hsa-miR-4484 gene” or “hsa-miR-4484” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4484 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019018) described in SEQ ID NO: 87, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4484 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4484” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016845, SEQ ID NO: 210) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4484”.

The term “hsa-miR-6805-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6805-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6805-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027511) described in SEQ ID NO: 88, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6805-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6805” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022650, SEQ ID NO: 211) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6805-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3135b gene” or “hsa-miR-3135b” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3135b gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018985) described in SEQ ID NO: 89, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3135b gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-3135b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016809, SEQ ID NO: 212) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3135b”.

The term “hsa-miR-3162-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3162-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3162-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015036) described in SEQ ID NO: 90, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3162-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010, PLoS One., Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3162” (miRBase Accession No. MI0014192, SEQ ID NO: 213) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3162-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6768-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6768-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6768-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027436) described in SEQ ID NO: 91, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6768-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6768” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022613, SEQ ID NO: 214) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6768-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6721-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6721-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6721-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025852) described in SEQ ID NO: 92, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6721-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Li Y et al., 2012, Gene., Vol. 497. p. 330-335. Also, “hsa-mir-6721” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022556, SEQ ID NO: 215) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6721-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1227-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1227-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1227-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022941) described in SEQ ID NO: 93, a hotnolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The lisa-miR-1227-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Berezikov E et al., 2007. Mol Cell., Vol. 28, p. 328-336. Also, “hsa-mir-1227” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006316, SEQ ID NO: 216) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1227-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6722-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-6722-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6722-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0025854) described in SEQ ID NO: 94, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6722-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Li Y et al., 2012, Gene., Vol. 497, p. 330-335. Also, “hsa-mir-6722” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022557, SEQ ID NO: 217) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6722-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4286 gene” or “hsa-miR-4286” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4286 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0016916) described in SEQ ID NO: 95, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4286 gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A et al., 2009, PLoS One., Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4286” (miRBase Accession No. MI0015894, SEQ ID NO: 218) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4286”.

The term “hsa-miR-4746-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4746-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4746-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019881) described in SEQ ID NO: 96, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4746-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4746” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017385, SEQ ID NO: 219) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4746-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6727-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6727-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6727-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MLMAT0027355) described in SEQ ID NO: 97, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6727-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6727” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022572, SEQ ID NO: 220) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6727-5p”.

The tem “hsa-miR-6816-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6816-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6816-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027532) described in SEQ ID NO: 98, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6816-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6816” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022661, SEQ ID NO: 221) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6816-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4741 gene” or “hsa-miR-4741” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4741 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMATOO19871) described in SEQ ID NO: 99, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4741 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4741” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017379, SEQ ID NO: 222) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4741”.

The term “hsa-miR-4508 gene” or “hsa-miR-4508” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4508 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019045) described in SEQ ID NO: 100, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4508 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4508” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016872, SEQ ID NO: 223) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4508”.

The term “hsa-miR-940 gene” or “hsa-miR-940” used herein includes the hsa-miR-940 gene miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004983) described in SEQ ID NO: 101, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-940 gene can be obtained by a method described in Lui W O et al., 2007, A Cancer Res., Vol. 67, p. 6031-6043. Also, “hsa-mir-940” (miRBase Accession No. MI0005762, SEQ ID NO: 224) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-940”.

The term “hsa-miR-4327 gene” or “hsa-miR-4327” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4327 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0016889) described in SEQ ID NO: 102, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4327 gene can be obtained by a method described in Golf L A et al., 2009, PLoS One., Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4327” (miRBase Accession No. MI0015867, SEQ ID NO: 225) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4327”.

The term “hsa-miR-4665-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4665-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4665-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019740) described in SEQ ID NO: 103, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4665-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4665” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017295, SEQ ID NO: 159) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4665-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-718 gene” or “hsa-miR-718” used herein includes the hsa-miR-718 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0012735) described in SEQ ID NO: 104, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-718 gene can be obtained by a method described in Artzi S et al., 2008, BMC Bioinformatics., Vol. 9. p. 39. Also, “hsa-mir-718” (miRBase Accession No. MI0012489, SEQ ID NO: 226) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-718”.

The term “hsa-miR-125a-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-125a-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-125a-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004602) described in SEQ ID NO: 105, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-125a-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lagos-Quintana M et al., 2002. Curr Biol., Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also, “hsa-mir-125a” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000469, SEQ ID NO: 227) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-125a-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-204-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-204-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-204-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0022693) described in SEQ ID NO: 106, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-204-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lim L P et al., 2003, Science., Vol. 299, p. 1540. Also, “hsa-mir-204” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000284, SEQ ID NO: 228) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-204-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1469 gene” or “hsa-miR-1469” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1469 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007347) described in SEQ ID NO: 107, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1469 gene can be obtained by a method described in Kawaji H et al., 2008, BMC Genomics, Vol. 9, p. 157. Also, “hsa-mir-1469” (miRBase Accession No. MI0007074, SEQ ID NO: 229) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1469”.

The term “hsa-miR-575 gene” or “hsa-miR-575” used herein includes the hsa-miR-575 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003240) described in SEQ ID NO: 108, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-575 gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M, 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-575” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003582, SEQ ID NO: 230) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-575”.

The term “hsa-miR-150-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-150-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-150-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004610) described in SEQ ID NO: 109, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-150-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lagos-Quintana M et al., 2002. Curr Biol., Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also, “hsa-mir-150” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000479, SEQ ID NO: 231) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-150-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-423-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-423-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-423-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004748) described in SEQ ID NO: 110, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-423-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Kasashima K et al., 2004, Biochem Biophys Res Commun., Vol. 322, p. 403-410. Also, “hsa-mir-423” (miRBase Accession No. MI0001445, SEQ ID NO: 232) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-423-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-564 gene” or “hsa-miR-564” used herein includes the hsa-miR-564 gene miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003228) described in SEQ ID NO: 111, a homolog or art ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-564 gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M, 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-564” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003570, SEQ ID NO: 233) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-564”.

The term “hsa-miR-3188 gene” or “hsa-miR-3188” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3188 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015070) described in SEQ ID NO: 112, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3188 gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010, PLoS One., Vol. 5, e9685. Also. “hsa-mir-3188” (miRBase Accession No. MI0014232, SEQ ID NO: 234) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3188”.

The term “hsa-miR-1246 gene” or “hsa-miR-I246” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1246 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005898) described in SEQ ID NO: 113, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1246 gene can be obtained by a method described in Morin R D et al., 2008, Genome Res., Vol. 18, p. 610-621. Also, “hsa-mir-1246” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006381, SEQ ID NO: 235) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1246”.

The term “hsa-miR-602 gene” or “hsa-miR-602” used herein includes the hsa-miR-602 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003270) described in SEQ ID NO: 114 a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-602 gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M, 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, “hsa-mir-602” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003615, SEQ ID NO: 236) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-602”.

The term “hsa-miR-1290 gene” or “hsa-miR-1290” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1290 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005880) described in SEQ ID NO: 115, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1290 gene can be obtained by a method described in Morin R D et al., 2008. Genome Res., Vol. 18, p. 610-621. Also, “hsa-mir-1290” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006352, SEQ ID NO: 237) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1290”.

The term “hsa-miR-16-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-16-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-16-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MiMAT0000069) described in SEQ ID NO: 116, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-16-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lagos-Quintana M et al., 2002, Curr Biol., Vol. 12, p. 735-739. Also, “hsa-mir-16-I and hsa-mir-16-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0000070 and MI0000115, SEQ ID NOs: 238 and 239) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-16-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-451a gene” or “hsa-miR-451a” used herein includes the hsa-miR-451a gene (miRBase Accession No. MINLAT0001631) described in SEQ ID NO: 117, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-451a gene can be obtained by a method described in Alluvia Y et al., 2005, Nucleic Acids Res., Vol. 33, p. 2697-2706. Also, “hsa-mir-451a” (miRBase Accession No. MI0001729, SEQ ID NO: 240) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-451a”.

The term “hsa-miR-24-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-24-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-24-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0000080) described in SEQ ID NO: 118, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-24-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lagos-Quintana M et al., 2001, Science., Vol. 294, p. 853-858. Also, “hsa-mir-24-1 and hsa-mir-24-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0000080 and MI0000081, SEQ NOs: 241 and 242) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-24-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-5p gene” “hsa-miR-187-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-187-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004561) described in SEQ ID NO: 119, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-187-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lim L P et al., 2003, Science., Vol. 299, p. 1540. Also, “hsa-mir-187” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000274, SEQ ID NO: 243) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-187-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1908-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-1908-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1908-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007881) described in SEQ ID NO: 120, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1908-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar M et al., 2008, Stem Cells., Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1908” (miRBase Accession No. MI0008329, SEQ ID NO: 244) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-1908-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-371a-5p gene” or hsa-miR-371a-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-371a-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004687) described in SEQ ID NO: 121, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-371a-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Suh M R et al., 2004, Dev Biol., Vol. 270, p. 488-498. Also, “hsa-mir-371a” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000779, SEQ ID NO: 245) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-371a-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-550a-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-550a-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-550a-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004800) described in SEQ ID NO: 122, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-550a-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M, 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692. Also, chsa-mir-550a-1 and hsa-mir-550a-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0003600 and MI0003601, SEQ ID NOs: 246 and 247) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-550a-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4417 gene” or “hsa-miR-4417” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4417 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018929) described in SEQ ID NO: 349, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4417 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4417” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016753, SEQ ID NO: 384) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-4417”.

The term “hsa-miR-4707-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4707-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4707-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019807) described in SEQ ID NO: 350, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4707-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4707” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017340, SEQ ID NO: 385) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-4707-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7847-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-7847-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7847-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0030422) described in SEQ ID NO: 351, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7847-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Pie H et al., 2012, PLoS One, Vol. 7, e50746. Also, “hsa-mir-7847” (miRBase Accession No. MI0025517, SEQ ID NO: 386) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-7847-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-2861 gene” or “hsa-miR-2861” used herein includes the hsa-miR-2861 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0013802) described in SEQ ID NO: 352, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-2861 gene can be obtained by a method described in Li H et al., 2009, J Clin Invest, Vol. 119, p. 3666-3677. Also, “hsa-mir-2861” (miRBase Accession No. MI0013006, SEQ ID NO: 387) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-2861”.

The term “hsa-miR-4513 gene” or “hsa-miR-4513” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4513 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019050) described in SEQ ID NO: 353, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4513 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4513” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016879, SEQ ID NO: 388) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-4513”.

The term “hsa-miR-7111-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-7111-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7111-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028119) described in SEQ ID NO: 354, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7111-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-7111” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022962, SEQ ID NO: 389) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-7111-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6777-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6777-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6777-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027454) described in SEQ ID NO: 355, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The lisa-miR-6777-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6777” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022622, SEQ ID NO: 390) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-6777-5p”.

The tem “hsa-miR-7113-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-7113-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7113-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028124) described in SEQ ID NO: 356, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7113-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-7113” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022964, SEQ ID NO: 391) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-7113-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4648 gene” or “hsa-miR-4648” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4648 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019710) described in SEQ ID NO: 357, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4648 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4648” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017275, SEQ ID NO: 392) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-4648”.

The term “hsa-miR-3184-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3184-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3184-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015064) described in SEQ ID NO: 358, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3184-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also, “hsa-mir-3184” (miRBase Accession No. MI0014226, SEQ ID NO: 393) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-3184-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4271 gene” or “hsa-miR-4271” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4271 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0016901) described in SEQ ID NO: 359, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4271 gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A. et al., 2009, PLoS One, Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4271” (miRBase Accession No. MI0015879, SEQ ID NO: 394) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-4271”.

The tem “hsa-miR-6791-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6791-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6791-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027482) described in SEQ ID NO: 360, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6791-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6791” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022636, SEQ ID NO: 395) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-6791-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-642a-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-642a-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-642a-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0020924) described in SEQ ID NO: 361, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-642a-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M et al., 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692, Landgraf P et al., 2007, Cell, Vol. 129, p. 1401-1414, Zaragosi LE et al., 2011, Genome Biol, Vol. 12, R64, etc. Also, “hsa-mir-642e (miRBase Accession No. MI0003657, SEQ ID NO: 396) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-642a-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-7108-5p gene”” or “hsa-miR-7108-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-7108-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0028113) described in SEQ ID NO: 362, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-7108-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-7108” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022959, SEQ ID NO: 397) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-7108-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-128-1-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-128-1-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-128-1-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0026477) described in SEQ ID NO: 363, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-128-1-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Lagos-Quintana M et al., 2002, Curr Biol, Vol. 12, p. 735-739, Kasashima K et al., 2004, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, Vol. 322, p. 403-410, Landgraf P et al., 2007, Cell, Vol. 129, p. 1401-1414, Meunier J et al., 2013, Genome Res, Vol. 23, p. 34-45, etc. Also, “hsa-mir-128-1” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000447, SEQ ID NO: 398) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-128-1-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-5196-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-5196-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-5196-5p gene miRBase Accession No. MIMAT00211281) described in SEQ ID NO: 364, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-5196-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Schotte D et al., 2011, Leukemia, Vol. 25, p. 1389-1399. Also, “hsa-mir-5196” (miRBase Accession No. MI0018175, SEQ ID NO: 399) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-5196-5p”,

The term “hsa-miR-3178 gene” or “hsa-miR-3178” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3178 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0015055) described in SEQ ID NO: 365, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3178 gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e9685. Also. “hsa-mir-3178” (miRBase Accession No. MI0014212, SEQ ID NO: 400) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3178”.

The term “hsa-miR-3656 gene” or “hsa-miR-3656” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3656 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIM.AT0018076) described in SEQ ID NO: 366, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3656 gene can be obtained by a method described in Meiri E et al., 2010, Nucleic Acids Res, Vol. 38, p. 6234-6246. Also, “hsa-mir-3656” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016056, SEQ ID NO: 401) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3656”,

The term “hsa-miR-92a-2-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-92a-2-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-92a-2-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004508) described in SEQ ID NO: 367, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-92a-2-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Mourelatos Z et al., 2002, Genes Dev, Vol. 16, p. 0-728, Dostie J et al., 2003, RNA, Vol. 9, p. 180-186, Houbaviy HE et al., 2003, Dev Cell, Vol. 5, p. 351-358, Suh M R et al., 2004, Dev Biol, Vol. 270, p. 488-498, Kasashima K et al., 2004, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, Vol. 322, p. 403-410, Fu et al., 2005, FEBS Lett, Vol. 579, p. 3849-3854, Landgraf P et al., 2007, Cell, Vol. 129, p. 1401-1414, Lui WO et al., 2007, Cancer Res, Vol. 67, p. 6031-6043, etc. Also, “hsa-mir-92a-2” (miRBase Accession No. MI0000094, SEQ ID NO: 402) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-92a-2-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6769h-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6769b-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6769b-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027620) described in SEQ ID NO: 368, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6769b-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6769b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022706, SEQ NO: 403) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6769b-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4689 gene” or “hsa-miR-4689” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4689 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019778) described in SEQ ID NO: 369, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4689 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also. “hsa-mir-4689” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017322, SEQ ID NO: 404) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4689”.

The term “hsa-miR-6076 gene” or “hsa-miR-6076” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6076 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0023701) described in SEQ ID NO: 370, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6076 gene can be obtained by a method described in Voellenkle C et al., 2012, RNA, Vol. 18, p. 472-484. Also, “hsa-mir-6076” (miRBase Accession No. MI0020353, SEQ ID NO: 405) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6076”.

The term “hsa-miR-92b-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-92b-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-92b-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004792) described in SEQ ID NO: 371, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-92b-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M et al., 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692, Landgraf P et al., 2007, Cell, Vol. 129, p. 1401-1414. Lui WO et al., 2007, Cancer Res, Vol. 67, p. 6031-6043, etc. Also, “hsa-mir-92b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003560, SEQ ID NO: 406) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-92b-5p”,

The term “hsa-miR-6774-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6774-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6774-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027448) described in SEQ ID NO: 372, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6774-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6774” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022619, SEQ ID NO: 407) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6774-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-486-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-486-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-486-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0004762) described in SEQ ID NO: 373, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-486-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Fu H et al., 2005, FEBS Lett, Vol. 579, p. 3849-3854, Landgraf P et al., 2007, Cell, Vol. 129, p. 1401-1414, Meunier J et al., 2013, Genome Res. Vol. 23, p, 34-45, etc. Also, “hsa-mir-486 and hsa-mir-486-2” (miRBase Accession Nos. MI0002470 and MI0023622, SEQ ID NOs: 408 and 409) having a hairpin-like structure are known as precursors of “hsa-miR-486-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6806-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6806-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6806-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027512) described in SEQ ID NO: 374, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6806-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6806” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022651, SEQ ID NO: 410) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6806-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6842-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6842-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6842-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027586) described in SEQ ID NO: 375, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6842-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6842” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022688, SEQ ID NO: 411) haying a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6842-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6716-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6716-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6716-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMA10025844) described in SEQ ID NO: 376, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6716-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Li Y et al., 2012, Gene, Vol. 497, p. 330-335. Also, “hsa-mir-6716” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022550, SEQ ID NO: 412) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6716-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-557 gene” or “hsa-miR-557” used herein includes the hsa-miR-557 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003221) described in SEQ ID NO: 377, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-557 gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M et al., 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692, Also, “hsa-mir-557” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003563, SEQ ID NO: 413) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-557”,

The term “hsa-miR-4673 gene” or “hsa-miR-4673” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4673 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019755) described in SEQ ID NO: 378, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4673 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4673” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017304, SEQ ID NO: 414) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4673”.

The term “hsa-miR-4674 gene” or “hsa-miR-4674” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4674 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019756) described in SEQ ID NO: 379, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4674 gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4674” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017305, SEQ ID NO: 4151) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4674”.

The term “hsa-miR-4442 gene” or “hsa-miR-4442” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4442 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0018960) described in SEQ ID NO: 380, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4442 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood, Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4442” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016785, SEQ ID NO: 416) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4442”.

The tem “hsa-miR-1915-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1915-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1915-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0007892) described in SEQ ID NO: 381, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1915-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Bar M et al., 2008, Stern Cells, Vol. 26, p. 2496-2505. Also, “hsa-mir-1915” (miRBase Accession No. MI0008336, SEQ ID NO: 417) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1915-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4687-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-4687-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4687-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019775) described in SEQ ID NO: 382, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4687-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res, Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4687” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017319, SEQ ID NO: 418) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4687-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-92b-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-92h-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-92b-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0003218) described in SEQ ID NO: 383, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-92b-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Cummins J M et al., 2006, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, Vol. 103, p. 3687-3692, Landgraf P et al., 2007, Cell, Vol. 129, p. 1401-1414, Lui WO et al., 2007, Cancer Res, Vol. 67, p. 6031-6043. Also, “hsa-mir-92b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0003560, SEQ ID NC): 419) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-92b-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-1203 gene” or “hsa-miR-1203” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1203 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005866) described in SEQ ID NO: 464, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1203 gene can be obtained by a method described in Marton S et al., 2008, Leukemia, Vol. 22, p. 330-338. Also, “hsa-mir-1203” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006335, SEQ ID NO: 467) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1203”.

The term “hsa-miR-663b gene” or “hsa-miR-663b” used herein includes the hsa-miR-663b gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0005867) described in SEQ ID NO: 465, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-663b gene can be obtained by a method described in Takada S et al., 2008, Leukemia, Vol. 22, p. 1274-1278, Also, “hsa-mir-663b” (miRBase Accession No. MI0006336, SEQ ID NO: 475) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-663b”.

The term “hsa-miR-4258 gene” or “hsa-miR-4258” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4258 gene (miRBase Accession No. NIIMAT0016879) described in SEQ ID NO: 466, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4258 gene can be obtained by a method described in Goff L A et al., 2009, PLoS One., Vol. 4, e7192. Also, “hsa-mir-4258” (miRBase Accession No. MI0015857, SEQ ID NO: 476) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4258”.

The term “hsa-miR-4649-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-4649-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4649-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019711) described in SEQ ID NO: 467, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4649-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-4649” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017276, SEQ ID NO: 4771) haying a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4649-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-4516 gene” or “hsa-miR-4516” used herein includes the hsa-miR-4516 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019053) described in SEQ ID NO: 468, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-4516 gene can be obtained by a method described in Jima D D et al., 2010, Blood., Vol. 116, e118-e127. Also, “hsa-mir-4516” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016882, SEQ ID NO: 478) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-4516”.

The term “hsa-miR-3619-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-3619-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3619-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019219) described in SEQ ID NO: 469, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3619-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Witten D et al., 2010, BMC Biol., Vol. 8, p. 58. Also, “hsa-mir-3619” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016009, SEQ ID NO: 479) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3619-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6826-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6826-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6826-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027552) described in SEQ ID NO: 470, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6826-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6826” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022671, SEQ ID NO: 480) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6826-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6757-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6757-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6757-5p gene miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027414) described in SEQ ID NO: 471, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6757-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res., Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6757” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022602, SEQ ID NO: 481) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6757-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3131 gene” or “hsa-miR-3131” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3131 gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0014996) described in SEQ ID NO: 472, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3131 gene can be obtained by a method described in Stark M S et al., 2010, PLoS One., Vol. 5, e9685. Also. “hsa-mir-3131” (miRBase Accession No. MI0014151, SEQ ID NO: 482) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3131”.

The tem “hsa-miR-1343-3p gene” or “hsa-miR-1343-3p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-1343-3p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019776) described in SEQ ID NO: 473, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-1343-3p gene can be obtained by a method described in Persson H et al., 2011, Cancer Res., Vol. 71, p. 78-86. Also, “hsa-mir-1343” (miRBase Accession No. MI0017320, SEQ ID NO: 483) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-1343-3p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6775-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6775-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6775-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027450) described in SEQ ID NO: 492, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6775-5p gene can be obtained. by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6775” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022620, SEQ ID NO: 495) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-6775-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-6813-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-6813-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-6813-5p gene (miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0027526) described in SEQ ID NO: 493, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-6813-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Ladewig E et al., 2012, Genome Res, Vol. 22, p. 1634-1645. Also, “hsa-mir-6813” (miRBase Accession No. MI0022658, SEQ ID NO: 496) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “lisa-miR-6813-5p”.

The term “hsa-miR-3940-5p gene” or “hsa-miR-3940-5p” used herein includes the hsa-miR-3940-5p gene miRBase Accession No. MIMAT0019229) described in SEQ ID NO: 494, a homolog or an ortholog of a different organism species, and the like. The hsa-miR-3940-5p gene can be obtained by a method described in Liao J Y et al., 2010, PLoS One, Vol. 5, e10563. Also, “hsa-mir-3940” (miRBase Accession No. MI0016597, SEQ ID NO: 497) having a hairpin-like structure is known as a precursor of “hsa-miR-3940-5p”.

A mature miRNA may become a variant due to the sequence cleaved shorter or longer by one to several flanking nucleotides, or due to substitution of nucleotides, when cut out as the mature miRNA from its RNA precursor having a hairpin-like structure. This variant is called isomiR (Morin R D. et al., 2008, Genome Res., Vol. 18, p. 610-621). The miRBase Release 20 shows the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 as well as a large number of the nucleotide sequence variants and fragments represented by SEQ ID NOs: 248 to 348, 420 to 463, 484 to 491, and 498 to 499, called isomiRs. These variants can also be obtained as miRNAs having a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494. Specifically, among the variants of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ NOs: 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 23, 30, 33. 34, 41, 43, 46, 48, 51, 55, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 71, 74, 80, 83, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 95, 99, 100, 101, 105, 106, 109, 110, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 349, 350, 352, 353, 357, 359, 361, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 371, 373, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 465, 468, 472, 473, and 492 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t according to the present invention, examples of the longest variants registered in miRBase Release 20 include polynucleotides represented by SEQ ID NOs: 248, 250, 251, 253, 255. 257, 259, 262, 265, 267, 268, 272, 275, 277, 278, 279, 282, 285, 287, 289, 291, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300, 302, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 337, 339, 341, 342, 344, 346, 420, 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440, 442, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 484, 486, 488, 490, and 498, respectively. Also, among the variants of polynucleotides consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 23, 30, 33, 34, 41, 43, 46, 48, 51, 55, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64. 66, 68, 71, 74, 80, 83, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 95, 99, 100, 101,105. 106, 109, 110, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 349, 350, 352, 353, 357, 359, 361, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 371, 373, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 465, 468, 472, 473 and 492 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t according to the present invention, examples of shortest variants registered in the miRBase Release 20 include polynucleotides having sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 249, 252, 254, 256, 258, 260, 261, 263, 264, 266, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 280, 281, 283, 284, 286, 288, 290, 293, 295, 297, 299, 301, 303, 304, 308, 311, 313, 315, 317, 319, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329, 331, 333, 335, 338, 340, 343, 345, 347, 348, 421, 423, 425, 427, 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445, 447, 449, 451, 453, 455, 457, 459, 461, 463, 485, 487, 489, 491, and 499, respectively. In addition to these variants and fragments, examples thereof include a large number of isomiR polynucleotides of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 23, 30, 33, 34, 41, 43, 46, 48, 51, 55, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 71, 74, 80, 83, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 95, 99, 100, 101, 105, 106, 109, 110, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 349, 350, 352, 353, 357, 359, 361, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 369, 371, 373, 376, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 465, 468, 472, 473 and 492 registered in the miRBase. Examples of the polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473 and 492 to 494 include a polynucleotide represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 123 to 247, 384 to 419, 474 to 483, and 495 to 497. which are their respective precursors.

The names and miRBase Accession Nos. (registration numbers) of the genes represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 499 are shown n Table 1.

As used herein_— the term “capable of specifically binding” means that the nucleic acid probe or the primer used in the present invention binds to a particular target nucleic acid and cannot substantially bind to other nucleic acids.

TABLE 1

SEQ

miRBase

ID NO:

Gene name

registration No.

1

hsa-miR-6893-5p

MIMAT0027686

2

hsa-miR-6075

MIMAT0023700

3

hsa-miR-6820-5p

MIMAT0027540

4

hsa-miR-4294

MIMAT0016849

5

hsa-miR-6729-5p

MIMAT0027359

6

hsa-miR-4476

MIMAT0019003

7

hsa-miR-6836-3p

MIMAT0027575

8

hsa-miR-6765-3p

MIMAT0027431

9

hsa-miR-6799-5p

MIMAT0027498

10

hsa-miR-4530

MIMAT0019069

11

hsa-miR-7641

MIMAT0029782

12

hsa-miR-4454

MIMAT0018976

13

hsa-miR-615-5p

MIMAT0004804

14

hsa-miR-8073

MIMAT0031000

15

hsa-miR-663a

MIMAT0003326

16

hsa-miR-4634

MIMAT0019691

17

hsa-miR-4450

MIMAT0018971

18

hsa-miR-4792

MIMAT0019964

19

hsa-miR-665

MIMAT0004952

20

hsa-miR-7975

MIMAT0031178

21

hsa-miR-7109-5p

MIMAT0028115

22

hsa-miR-6789-5p

MIMAT0027478

23

hsa-miR-4497

MIMAT0019032

24

hsa-miR-6877-5p

MIMAT0027654

25

hsa-miR-6880-5p

MIMAT0027660

26

hsa-miR-7977

MIMAT0031180

27

hsa-miR-4734

MIMAT0019859

28

hsa-miR-6821-5p

MIMAT0027542

29

hsa-miR-8089

MIMAT0031016

30

hsa-miR-5585-3p

MIMAT0022286

31

hsa-miR-6085

MIMAT0023710

32

hsa-miR-6845-5p

MIMAT0027590

33

hsa-miR-4651

MIMAT0019715

34

hsa-miR-4433-3p

MIMAT0018949

35

hsa-miR-1231

MIMAT0005586

36

hsa-miR-4665-5p

MIMAT0019739

37

hsa-miR-7114-5p

MIMAT0028125

38

hsa-miR-1238-5p

MIMAT0022947

39

hsa-miR-8069

MIMAT0030996

40

hsa-miR-4732-5p

MIMAT0019855

41

hsa-miR-619-5p

MIMAT0026622

42

hsa-miR-3622a-5p

MIMAT0018003

43

hsa-miR-1260a

MIMAT0005911

44

hsa-miR-6741-5p

MIMAT0027383

45

hsa-miR-6781-5p

MIMAT0027462

46

hsa-miR-6125

MIMAT0024598

47

hsa-miR-6805-5p

MIMAT0027510

48

hsa-miR-6132

MIMAT0024616

49

hsa-miR-6872-3p

MIMAT0027645

50

hsa-miR-6875-5p

MIMAT0027650

51

hsa-miR-1908-3p

MIMAT0026916

52

hsa-miR-4433b-3p

MIMAT0030414

53

hsa-miR-4736

MIMAT0019862

54

hsa-miR-5100

MIMAT0022259

55

hsa-miR-6724-5p

MIMAT0025856

56

hsa-miR-7107-5p

MIMAT0028111

57

hsa-miR-6726-5p

MIMAT0027353

58

hsa-miR-3185

MIMAT0015065

59

hsa-miR-4638-5p

MIMAT0019695

60

hsa-miR-1273g-3p

MIMAT0022742

61

hsa-miR-6778-5p

MIMAT0027456

62

hsa-miR-328-5p

MIMAT0026486

63

hsa-miR-3679-3p

MIMAT0018105

64

hsa-miR-1228-3p

MIMAT0005583

65

hsa-miR-6779-5p

MIMAT0027458

66

hsa-miR-4723-5p

MIMAT0019838

67

hsa-miR-6850-5p

MIMAT0027600

68

hsa-miR-760

MIMAT0004957

69

hsa-miR-7704

MIMAT0030019

70

hsa-miR-8072

MIMAT0030999

71

hsa-miR-4486

MIMAT0019020

72

hsa-miR-1913

MIMAT0007888

73

hsa-miR-4656

MIMAT0019723

74

hsa-miR-1260b

MIMAT0015041

75

hsa-miR-7106-5p

MIMAT0028109

76

hsa-miR-6889-5p

MIMAT0027678

77

hsa-miR-6780b-5p

MIMAT0027572

78

hsa-miR-6090

MIMAT0023715

79

hsa-miR-4534

MIMAT0019073

80

hsa-miR-4449

MIMAT0018968

81

hsa-miR-5195-3p

MIMAT0021127

82

hsa-miR-1202

MIMAT0005865

83

hsa-miR-4467

MIMAT0018994

84

hsa-miR-6515-3p

MIMAT0025487

85

hsa-miR-4281

MIMAT0016907

86

hsa-miR-4505

MIMAT0019041

87

hsa-miR-4484

MIMAT0019018

88

hsa-miR-6805-3p

MIMAT0027511

89

hsa-miR-3135b

MIMAT0018985

90

hsa-miR-3162-5p

MIMAT0015036

91

hsa-miR-6768-5p

MIMAT0027436

92

hsa-miR-6721-5p

MIMAT0025852

93

hsa-miR-1227-5p

MIMAT0022941

94

hsa-miR-6722-3p

MIMAT0025854

95

hsa-miR-4286

MIMAT0016916

96

hsa-miR-4746-3p

MIMAT0019881

97

hsa-miR-6727-5p

MIMAT0027355

98

hsa-miR-6816-5p

MIMAT0027532

99

hsa-miR-4741

MIMAT0019871

100

hsa-miR-4508

MIMAT0019045

101

hsa-miR-940

MIMAT0004983

102

hsa-miR-4327

MIMAT0016889

103

hsa-miR-4665-3p

MIMAT0019740

104

hsa-miR-718

MIMAT0012735

105

hsa-miR-125a-3p

MIMAT0004602

106

hsa-miR-204-3p

MIMAT0022693

107

hsa-miR-1469

MIMAT0007347

108

hsa-miR-575

MIMAT0003240

109

hsa-miR-150-3p

MIMAT0004610

110

hsa-miR-423-5p

MIMAT0004748

111

hsa-miR-564

MIMAT0003228

112

hsa-miR-3188

MIMAT0015070

113

hsa-miR-1246

MIMAT0005898

114

hsa-miR-602

MIMAT0003270

115

hsa-miR-1290

MIMAT0005880

116

hsa-miR-16-5p

MIMAT0000069

117

hsa-miR-451a

MIMAT0001631

118

hsa-miR-24-3p

MIMAT0000080

119

hsa-miR-187-5p

MIMAT0004561

120

hsa-miR-1908-5p

MIMAT0007881

121

hsa-miR-371a-5p

MIMAT0004687

122

hsa-miR-550a-5p

MIMAT0004800

123

hsa-mir-6893

MI0022740

124

hsa-mir-6075

MI0020352

125

hsa-mir-6820

MI0022665

126

hsa-mir-4294

MI0015827

127

hsa-mir-6729

MI0022574

128

hsa-mir-4476

MI0016828

129

hsa-mir-6836

MI0022682

130

hsa-mir-6765

MI0022610

131

hsa-mir-6799

MI0022644

132

hsa-mir-4530

MI0016897

133

hsa-mir-7641-1

MI0024975

134

hsa-mir-7641-2

MI0024976

135

hsa-mir-4454

MI0016800

136

hsa-mir-615

MI0003628

137

hsa-mir-8073

MI0025909

138

hsa-mir-663a

MI0003672

139

hsa-mir-4634

MI0017261

140

hsa-mir-4450

MI0016795

141

hsa-mir-4792

MI0017439

142

hsa-mir-665

MI0005563

143

hsa-mir-7975

MI0025751

144

hsa-mir-7109

MI0022960

145

hsa-mir-6789

MI0022634

146

hsa-mir-4497

MI0016859

147

hsa-mir-6877

MI0022724

148

hsa-mir-6880

MI0022727

149

hsa-mir-7977

MI0025753

150

hsa-mir-4734

MI0017371

151

hsa-mir-6821

MI0022666

152

hsa-mir-8089

MI0025925

153

hsa-mir-5585

MI0019142

154

hsa-mir-6085

MI0020362

155

hsa-mir-6845

MI0022691

156

hsa-mir-4651

MI0017279

157

hsa-mir-4433

MI0016773

158

hsa-mir-1231

MI0006321

159

hsa-mir-4665

MI0017295

160

hsa-mir-7114

MI0022965

161

hsa-mir-1238

MI0006328

162

hsa-mir-8069

MI0025905

163

hsa-mir-4732

MI0017369

164

hsa-mir-619

MI0003633

165

hsa-mir-3622a

MI0016013

166

hsa-mir-1260a

MI0006394

167

hsa-mir-6741

MI0022586

168

hsa-mir-6781

MI0022626

169

hsa-mir-6125

MI0021259

170

hsa-mir-6805

MI0022650

171

hsa-mir-6132

MI0021277

172

hsa-mir-6872

MI0022719

173

hsa-mir-6875

MI0022722

174

hsa-mir-1908

MI0008329

175

hsa-mir-4433b

MI0025511

176

hsa-mir-4736

MI0017373

177

hsa-mir-5100

MI0019116

178

hsa-mir-6724

MI0022559

179

hsa-mir-7107

MI0022958

180

hsa-mir-6726

MI0022571

181

hsa-mir-3185

MI0014227

182

hsa-mir-4638

MI0017265

183

hsa-mir-1273g

MI0018003

184

hsa-mir-6778

MI0022623

185

hsa-mir-328

MI0000804

186

hsa-mir-3679

MI0016080

187

hsa-mir-1228

MI0006318

188

hsa-mir-6779

MI0022624

189

hsa-mir-4723

MI0017359

190

hsa-mir-6850

MI0022696

191

hsa-mir-760

MI0005567

192

hsa-mir-7704

MI0025240

193

hsa-mir-8072

MI0025908

194

hsa-mir-4486

MI0016847

195

hsa-mir-1913

MI0008334

196

hsa-mir-4656

MI0017284

197

hsa-mir-1260b

MI0014197

198

hsa-mir-7106

MI0022957

199

hsa-mir-6889

MI0022736

200

hsa-mir-6780b

MI0022681

201

hsa-mir-6090

MI0020367

202

hsa-mir-4534

MI0016901

203

hsa-mir-4449

MI0016792

204

hsa-mir-5195

MI0018174

205

hsa-mir-1202

MI0006334

206

hsa-mir-4467

MI0016818

207

hsa-mir-6515

MI0022227

208

hsa-mir-4281

MI0015885

209

hsa-mir-4505

MI0016868

210

hsa-mir-4484

MI0016845

211

hsa-mir-6805

MI0022650

212

hsa-mir-3135b

MI0016809

213

hsa-mir-3162

MI0014192

214

hsa-mir-6768

MI0022613

215

hsa-mir-6721

MI0022556

216

hsa-mir-1227

MI0006316

217

hsa-mir-6722

MI0022557

218

hsa-mir-4286

MI0015894

219

hsa-mir-4746

MI0017385

220

hsa-mir-6727

MI0022572

221

hsa-mir-6816

MI0022661

222

hsa-mir-4741

MI0017379

223

hsa-mir-4508

MI0016872

224

hsa-mir-940

MI0005762

225

hsa-mir-4327

MI0015867

226

hsa-mir-718

MI0012489

227

hsa-mir-125a

MI0000469

228

hsa-mir-204

MI0000284

229

hsa-mir-1469

MI0007074

230

hsa-mir-575

MI0003582

231

hsa-mir-150

MI0000479

232

hsa-mir-423

MI0001445

233

hsa-mir-564

MI0003570

234

hsa-mir-3188

MI0014232

235

hsa-mir-1246

MI0006381

236

hsa-mir-602

MI0003615

237

hsa-mir-1290

MI0006352

238

hsa-mir-16-1

MI0000070

239

hsa-mir-16-2

MI0000115

240

hsa-mir-451a

MI0001729

241

hsa-mir-24-1

MI0000080

242

hsa-mir-24-2

MI0000081

243

hsa-mir-187

MI0000274

244

hsa-mir-1908

MI0008329

245

hsa-mir-371a

MI0000779

246

hsa-mir-550a-1

MI0003600

247

hsa-mir-550a-2

MI0003601

248

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 6

—

249

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 6

—

250

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 10

—

251

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 12

—

252

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 12

—

253

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 13

—

254

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 13

—

255

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 15

—

256

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 15

—

257

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 18

—

258

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 18

—

259

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 19

—

260

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 19

—

261

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 20

—

262

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 23

—

263

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 23

—

264

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 27

—

265

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 30

—

266

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 30

—

267

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 33

—

268

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 34

—

269

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 34

—

270

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 36

—

271

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 40

—

272

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 41

—

273

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 41

—

274

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 42

—

275

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 43

—

276

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 43

—

277

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 46

—

278

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 48

—

279

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 51

—

280

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 51

—

281

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 54

—

282

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 55

—

283

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 55

—

284

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 58

—

285

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 59

—

286

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 59

—

287

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 60

—

288

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 60

—

289

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 62

—

290

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 62

—

291

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 63

—

292

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 64

—

293

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 64

—

294

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 66

—

295

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 66

—

296

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 68

—

297

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 68

—

298

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 71

—

299

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 72

—

300

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 74

—

301

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 74

—

302

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 80

—

303

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 80

—

304

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 82

—

305

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 83

—

306

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 86

—

307

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 87

—

308

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 87

—

309

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 89

—

310

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 90

—

311

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 90

—

312

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 92

—

313

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 92

—

314

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 95

—

315

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 95

—

316

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 99

—

317

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 99

—

318

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 100

—

319

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 100

—

320

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 101

—

321

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 101

—

322

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 105

—

323

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 105

—

324

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 106

—

325

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 106

—

326

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 109

—

327

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 109

—

328

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 110

—

329

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 110

—

330

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 112

—

331

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 112

—

332

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 113

—

333

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 113

—

334

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 115

—

335

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 115

—

336

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 116

—

337

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 116

—

338

isomiR example 3 of SEQ ID NO: 116

—

339

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 117

—

340

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 117

—

341

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 118

—

342

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 118

—

343

isomiR example 3 of SEQ ID NO: 118

—

344

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 119

—

345

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 119

—

346

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 121

—

347

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 121

—

348

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 122

—

349

hsa-miR-4417

MIMAT0018929

350

hsa-miR-4707-5p

MIMAT0019807

351

hsa-miR-7847-3p

MIMAT0030422

352

hsa-miR-2861

MIMAT0013802

353

hsa-miR-4513

MIMAT0019050

354

hsa-miR-7111-5p

MIMAT0028119

355

hsa-miR-6777-Sp

MIMAT0027454

356

hsa-miR-7113-3p

MIMAT0028124

357

hsa-miR-4648

MIMAT0019710

358

hsa-miR-3184-5p

MIMAT0015064

359

hsa-miR-4271

MIMAT0016901

360

hsa-miR-6791-5p

MIMAT0027482

361

hsa-miR-642a-3p

MIMAT0020924

362

hsa-miR-7108-5p

MIMAT0028113

363

hsa-miR-128-1-5p

MIMAT0026477

364

hsa-miR-5196-5p

MIMAT0021128

365

hsa-miR-3178

MIMAT0015055

366

hsa-miR-3656

MIMAT0018076

367

hsa-miR-92a-2-5p

MIMAT0004508

368

hsa-miR-6769b-5p

MIMAT0027620

369

hsa-miR-4689

MIMAT0019778

370

hsa-miR-6076

MIMAT0023701

371

hsa-miR-92b-5p

MIMAT0004792

372

hsa-miR-6774-5p

MIMAT0027448

373

hsa-miR-486-3p

MIMAT0004762

374

hsa-miR-6806-5p

MIMAT0027512

375

hsa-miR-6842-5p

MIMAT0027586

376

hsa-miR-6716-5p

MIMAT0025844

377

hsa-miR-557

MIMAT0003221

378

hsa-miR-4673

MIMAT0019755

379

hsa-miR-4674

MIMAT0019756

380

hsa-miR-4442

MIMAT0018960

381

hsa-miR-1915-3p

MIMAT0007892

382

hsa-miR-4687-3p

MIMAT0019775

383

hsa-miR-92b-3p

MIMAT0003218

384

hsa-mir-4417

MI0016753

385

hsa-mir-4707

MI0017340

386

hsa-mir-7847

MI0025517

387

hsa-mir-2861

MI0013006

388

hsa-mir-4513

MI0016879

389

hsa-mir-7111

MI0022962

390

hsa-mir-6777

MI0022622

391

hsa-mir-7113

MI0022964

392

hsa-mir-4648

MI0017275

393

hsa-mir-3184

MI0014226

394

hsa-mir-4271

MI0015879

395

hsa-mir-6791

MI0022636

396

hsa-mir-642a

MI0003657

397

hsa-mir-7108

MI0022959

398

hsa-mir-128-1

MI0000447

399

hsa-mir-5196

MI0018175

400

hsa-mir-3178

MI0014212

401

hsa-mir-3656

MI0016056

402

hsa-mir-92a-2

MI0000094

403

hsa-mir-6769b

MI0022706

404

hsa-mir-4689

MI0017322

405

hsa-mir-6076

MI0020353

406

hsa-mir-92b

MI0003560

407

hsa-mir-6774

MI0022619

408

hsa-mir-486

MI0002470

409

hsa-mir-486-2

MI0023622

410

hsa-mir-6806

MI0022651

411

hsa-mir-6842

MI0022688

412

hsa-mir-6716

MI0022550

413

hsa-mir-557

MI0003563

414

hsa-mir-4673

MI0017304

415

hsa-mir-4674

MI0017305

416

hsa-mir-4442

MI0016785

417

hsa-mir-1915

MI0008336

418

hsa-mir-4687

MI0017319

419

hsa-mir-92b

MI0003560

420

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 349

—

421

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 349

—

422

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 350

—

423

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 350

—

424

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 352

—

425

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 352

—

426

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 353

—

427

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 353

—

428

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 357

—

429

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 357

—

430

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 359

—

431

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 359

—

432

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 361

—

433

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 361

—

434

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 363

—

435

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 363

—

436

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 364

—

437

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 364

—

438

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 365

—

439

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 365

—

440

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 366

—

441

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 366

—

442

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 367

—

443

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 367

—

444

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 369

—

445

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 369

—

446

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 371

—

447

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 371

—

448

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 373

—

449

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 373

—

450

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 376

—

451

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 376

—

452

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 378

—

453

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 378

—

454

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 379

—

455

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 379

—

456

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 380

—

457

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 380

—

458

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 381

—

459

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 381

—

460

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 382

—

461

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 382

—

462

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 383

—

463

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 383

—

464

hsa-miR-1203

MIMAT0005866

465

hsa-miR-663b

MIMAT0005867

466

hsa-miR-4258

MIMAT0016879

467

hsa-miR-4649-5p

MIMAT0019711

468

hsa-miR-4516

MIMAT0019053

469

hsa-miR-3619-3p

MIMAT0019219

470

hsa-miR-6826-5p

MIMAT0027552

471

hsa-miR-6757-5p

MIMAT0027414

472

hsa-miR-3131

MIMAT0014996

473

hsa-miR-1343-3p

MIMAT0019776

474

hsa-mir-1203

MI0006335

475

hsa-mir-663b

MI0006336

476

hsa-mir-4258

MI0015857

477

hsa-mir-4649

MI0017276

478

hsa-mir-4516

MI0016882

479

hsa-mir-3619

MI0016009

480

hsa-mir-6826

MI0022671

481

hsa-mir-6757

MI0022602

482

hsa-mir-3131

MI0014151

483

hsa-mir-1343

MI0017320

484

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 465

—

485

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 465

—

486

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 468

—

487

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 468

—

488

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 472

—

489

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 472

—

490

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 473

—

491

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 473

—

492

hsa-miR-6775-5p

MIMAT0027450

493

hsa-miR-6813-5p

MIMAT0027526

494

hsa-miR-3940-5p

MIMAT0019229

495

hsa-miR-6775-5p

MI0022620

496

hsa-mir-6813

MI0022658

497

hsa-miR-3940-5p

MI0016597

498

isomiR example 1 of SEQ ID NO: 494

—

499

isomiR example 2 of SEQ ID NO: 494

—

The present specification encompasses the contents described in the specifications and/or drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-113523 and No. 2014-185730 from which the present application claims priorities.

Advantageous Effect of Invention

According to the present invention, pancreatic cancer can be detected easily and in high accuracy.

For example, the presence or absence of pancreatic cancer in patients can be easily detected by using, as indicators, the determined expression levels of several miRNAs in blood, serum, and/or plasma of the patients, which can be collected with limited invasiveness.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[FIG. 1] This figure shows the relationship between the nucleotide sequences of hsa-miR-4665-5p represented by SEQ ID NO: 36 and hsa-miR-4665-3p represented by SEQ ID NO: 103, which are produced from a precursor hsa-mir-4665 represented by SEQ ID NC): 159.

[FIG. 2] Left diagram: the expression level measurement values of hsa-miR-6893-5p (SEQ ID NO: 1) in healthy subjects (100 persons) and pancreatic cancer patients (67 persons) selected as a training cohort were each plotted on the ordinate. The horizontal line in the diagram depicts a threshold (8.02) that was optimized by Fisher's discriminant analysis and discriminated between the two groups. Right diagram: the expression level measurement values of hsa-miR-6893-5p (SEQ ID NO: 1) in healthy subjects (50 persons) and pancreatic cancer patients (33 persons) selected as a validation cohort were each plotted on the ordinate. The horizontal line in the diagram depicts the threshold (8.02) that was set in the training cohort and discriminated between the two groups.

[FIG. 3] Left diagram: the expression level measurement values of hsa-miR-6893-5p (SEQ ID NO: 1) in healthy subjects (100 persons, circles) and pancreatic cancer patients (67 persons, triangles) selected as a training cohort were each plotted on the abscissa against their expression level measurement values of hsa-miR-6075 (SEQ ID NO: 2) on the ordinate. The line in the diagram depicts a discriminant function (0=1,74x+y+5.14) that was optimized by Fisher's discriminant analysis and discriminated between the two groups. Right diagram: the expression level measurement values of hsa-miR-6893-5p (SEQ ID NO: 1) in healthy subjects (50 persons, circles) and pancreatic cancer patients (33 persons, triangles) selected as a validation cohort were each plotted on the abscissa against their expression level measurement values of hsa-miR-6075 (SEQ ID NO: 2) on the ordinate. The line in the diagram depicts the threshold (0=1.74x+v+5.14) that was set in the training cohort and discriminated between the two groups.

[FIG. 4] Upper diagram: a discriminant (1.64×hsa-miR-6075+1,02×hsa-miR-6836-3p-0.35×hsa-miR-6799-5p-0.06×hsa-miR-125a-3p-20.67) was prepared by use of Fisher's discriminant analysis from the expression level measurement values of hsa-miR-6075 (SEQ ID NO: 2), hsa-miR-6836-3p (SEQ II) NO: 7), hsa-miR-6799-5p (SEQ NO: 9), and hsa-miR-125a-3p (SEQ ID NO: 105) in 67 pancreatic cancer patients, 93 healthy subjects, 35 colorectal cancer patients, 37 stomach cancer patients, 32 esophageal cancer patients, 38 liver cancer patients, and 13 benign pancreaticobiliary disease patients selected as a training cohort, and discriminant scores obtained from the discriminant were plotted on the ordinate against the sample groups on the abscissa. The dotted line in the diagram depicts a discriminant boundary that offered a discriminant score of 0 and discriminated between the groups. Lower diagram: discriminant scores obtained from the discriminant prepared from the training cohort as to the expression level measurement values of hsa-miR-6075 (SEQ ID NO: 2), hsa-miR-6799-5p (SEQ ID NO: 9), hsa-miR-125a-3p (SEQ ID NO: 105), and lisa-miR-6836-3p (SEQ ID NO: 7) in 33 pancreatic cancer patients, 57 healthy subjects, 15 colorectal cancer patients, 13 stomach cancer patients, 18 esophageal cancer patients, 12 liver cancer patients, and 8 benign pancreaticobiliary disease patients selected as a validation cohort were plotted on the ordinate against the sample groups on the abscissa. The dotted line in the diagram depicts the discriminant boundary that offered a discriminant score of 0 and discriminated between both of the groups.

MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described in detail.

1. Target Nucleic Acid for Pancreatic Cancer

Primary target nucleic acids, as pancreatic cancer markers, for detecting the presence and/or absence of pancreatic cancer or pancreatic cancer cells using the nucleic acid probes or the primers for the detection of pancreatic cancer defined above according to the present invention comprise at least one or more miRNAs selected from the group consisting of the following miRNAs: hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-6075, hsa-miR-6820-5p, hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6729-5p, hsa-miR-4476, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6765-3p, hsa-miR-6799-5p, hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-4454, hsa-miR-615-5p, hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-4634, hsa-miR-4450, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-665, hsa-miR-7975, hsa-miR-7109-5p, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4497, hsa-miR-6877-5p, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-4734, hsa-miR-6821-5p, hsa-miR-8089, hsa-miR-5585-3p, hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-4651., hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-1231., hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-71.1.4-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p, hsa-miR-8069, hsa-miR-4732-5p, hsa-miR-619-5p, hsa-miR-3622a-5p, hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-6741-5p, hsa-miR-6781-5p, hsa-miR-6125, hsa-miR-6805-5p, hsa-miR-6132, hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-6875-5p. hsa-miR-1908-3p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-4736, hsa-miR-5100, hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-7107-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4638-5p, hsa-miR-1273g-3p, hsa-miR-6778-5p, hsa-miR-3 .8-5p, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-6779-5p, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p, hsa-miR-760, hsa-miR-7704, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-4656, hsa-miR-12601), hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p, hsa-miR-6780b-5p, hsa-miR-6090, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-5195-3p, hsa-miR-I202, hsa-miR-4467, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-4281, hsa-miR-4505, hsa-miR-4484, hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-6768-5p, hsa-miR-6721-5p, hsa-miR-1227-5p, hsa-miR-6722-3p, hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-4746-3p, hsa-miR-6727-5p, hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4741, hsa-miR-4508, hsa-miR-940, hsa-miR-4327, .hsa-m1R-4665-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-1203, .hsa-m1R-663b, hsa-miR-4258, hsa-miR-4649-5p, hsa-miR-4516, hsa-miR-3619-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-6775-5p, hsa-mi.R.-6813-5p and hsa-miR-3940-5p. Furthermore, at least one or more miRNAs selected from the group consisting of the following other pancreatic cancer markers that can be combined with these miRNAs, i.e., hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3188, hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-45 la, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-371a-5p and hsa-miR-550a-5p can also be preferably used as target nucleic acids, Moreover, at least one or more miRNAs selected from the group consisting of the following other pancreatic cancer markers that can be combined with these miRNAs, i.e., hsa-miR-4417, hsa-miR-4707-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, .hsa-miR-2861, hsa-miR-4513, hsa-miR-7111-5p, hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p, hsa-miR-4648, hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-4271, hsa-miR-6791-5p, hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-5196-5p, hsa-miR-3178, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-6769b-5p, hsa-miR-4689, hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-6774-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6806-5p, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-ma-6716-5p, hsa-miR-557, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-4674, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-1915-3p, hsa-miR-4687-3p and hsa-miR-92b-3p can also be preferably used as target nucleic acids.

These miRNAs include, for example, a human gene comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122 and 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 (i.e., hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-6075, hsa-miR-682.0-5p, hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6729-5p, hsa-miR-4476, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6765-3p, hsa-miR-6799-5p, hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-4454, hsa-miR-615-5p, hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-4634, hsa-miR-4450, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-665, hsa-miR-7975, hsa-miR-7109-5p, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4497, hsa-miR-6877-5p, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-4734, hsa-miR-6821-5p, hsa-miR-8089, hsa-miR-5585-3p, hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-1231, hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-7114-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p, hsa-miR-8069, hsa-miR-4732-5p, hsa-miR-619-5p, hsa-miR-3622a-5p, hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-6741-5p, hsa-miR-6781-5p, hsa-miR-6125, hsa-miR-6805-5p, hsa-miR-6132, hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-6875-5p, hsa-miR-1908-3p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-4736, hsa-miR-5100, hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-7107-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4638-5p, hsa-miR-1273g-3p, hsa-miR-6778-5p, hsa-miR-328-5p, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-6779-5p, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p, hsa-miR-760, hsa-miR-7704, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-4656, hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p, hsa-miR-6780b-5p, hsa-miR-6090, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-5195-3p, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4467, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-4281, hsa-miR-4505, hsa-miR-4484, hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-6768-5p, hsa-miR-6721-5p, hsa-miR-1227-5p, hsa-miR-6722-3p, hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-4746-3p, hsa-miR-6727-5p, hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4741, hsa-miR-4508, hsa-miR-940, hsa-miR-4327, hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3188, hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-37 la-5p, hsa-miR-550a-5p, hsa-miR-4417, hsa-miR-4707-5p, hsa-ma-7847-3p, hsa-miR-2861, hsa-miR-4513, hsa-miR-7111-5p, hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p, hsa-miR-4648, hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-4271, hsa-miR-6791-5p, hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p, hsa-miR-128-l-5p, hsa-miR-5196-5p, hsa-miR-3178, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-6769b-5p, hsa-miR-4689, hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-6774-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6806-5p, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, 557, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-4674, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-1915-3p, hsa-miR-4687-3p, hsa-miR-92b-3p, hsa-miR-1203, hsa-miR-663b, hsa-miR-4258, hsa-miR-4649-5p, hsa-miR-4516, hsa-miR-3619-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-6775-5p, hsa-miR-6813-5p and hsa-miR-3940-5p, respectively), a congener, a transcript thereof, or/and a variant or a derivative thereof. In this context, the gene, the congener, the transcript, the variant, and the derivative are as defined above.

The target nucleic acid is preferably a human gene comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 499 or a transcript thereof, more preferably the transcript, i.e., a miRNA or its precursor RNA (pri-miRNA or pre-miRNA).

The first target gene is the hsa-miR-6893-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The second target gene is the hsa-miR-6075 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The third target gene is the hsa-miR-6820-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The fourth target gene is the hsa-miR-4294 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The fifth target gene is the hsa-miR-6729-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The sixth target gene is the 1 sa-miR-4476 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The seventh target gene is the hsa-miR-6836-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The eighth target gene is the hsa-miR-6765-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The ninth target gene is the hsa-miR-6799-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 10th target gene is the hsa-miR-4530 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 11th target gene is the hsa-miR-7641 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 12th target gene is the hsa-miR-4454 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 13th target gene is the hsa-miR-615-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 14th target gene is the hsa-miR-8073 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 15th target gene is the hsa-miR-663a gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 16th target gene is the hsa-miR-4634 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 17th target gene is the hsa-miR-4450 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 18th target gene is the hsa-miR-4792 gene, a congener thereof a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 19th target gene is the hsa-miR-665 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 20th target gene is the hsa-miR-7975 gene, a congener thereof a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 21st target gene is the hsa-miR-7109-5p gene, a congener thereof a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 22nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6789-5p gene, a congener thereof a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 23rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4497 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 24th target gene is the hsa-miR-6877-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 25th target gene is the hsa-miR-6880-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 26th target gene is the hsa-miR-7977 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 27th target gene is the hsa-miR-4734 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 28th target gene is the hsa-miR-6821-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 29th target gene is the hsa-miR-8089 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 30th target gene is the hsa-miR-5585-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 31st target gene is the hsa-miR-6085 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 32nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6845-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 33rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4651 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 34th target gene is the hsa-miR-4433-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 35th target gene is the hsa-miR-1231 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 36th target gene is the hsa-miR-4665-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 37th target gene is the hsa-miR-7114-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 38th target gene is the hsa-miR-1238-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 39th target gene is the hsa-miR-8069 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 40th target gene is the hsa-miR-4732-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 41st target gene is the hsa-miR-619-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 42nd target gene is the hsa-miR-3622a-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 43rd target gene is the hsa-miR-1260a gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 44th target gene is the hsa-miR-6741-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 45th target gene is the hsa-miR-6781-5p gene, a congener thereof a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 46th target gene is the hsa-miR-6125 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 47th target gene is the hsa-miR-6805-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 48th target gene is the hsa-miR-6132 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 49th target gene is the hsa-miR-6872-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 50th target gene is the hsa-miR-6875-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 51st target gene is the hsa-miR-1908-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 52nd target gene is the hsa-miR-4433b-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 53rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4736 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 54th target gene is the hsa-miR-5100 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 55th target gene is the hsa-miR-6724-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 56th target gene is the hsa-miR-7107-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 57th target gene is the hsa-miR-6726-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 58th target gene is the hsa-miR-3185 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 59th target gene is the hsa-miR-4638-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 60th target gene is the hsa-miR-1273g-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 61st target gene is the hsa-miR-6778-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 62nd target gene is the hsa-miR-328-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 63rd target gene is the hsa-miR-3679-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 64th target gene is the hsa-miR-1228-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 65th target gene is the hsa-miR-6779-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 66th target gene is the hsa-miR-4723-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 67th target gene is the hsa-miR-6850-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 68th target gene is the hsa-miR-760 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 69th target gene is the hsa-miR-7704 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 70th target gene is the hsa-miR-8072 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 71st target gene is the hsa-miR-4486 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 72nd target gene is the hsa-m1R-1913 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 73rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4656 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 74th target gene is the hsa-miR-I260b gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 75th target gene is the hsa-miR-7106-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 76th target gene is the hsa-miR-6889-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 77th target gene is the hsa-miR-6780b-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 78th target gene is the hsa-miR-6090 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 79th target gene is the hsa-miR-4534 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 80th target gene is the hsa-miR-4449 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 81st target gene is the hsa-miR-5195-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 82nd target gene is the hsa-miR-1202 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 83rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4467 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 84th target gene is the hsa-miR-6515-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 85th target gene is the hsa-miR-4281 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 86th target gene is the hsa-miR-4505 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 87th target gene is the hsa-miR-4484 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 88th target gene is the hsa-miR-6805-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 89th target gene is the hsa-miR-3135b gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 90th target gene is the hsa-miR-3162-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 91st target gene is the hsa-miR-6768-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 92nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6721-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 93rd target gene is the hsa-miR-1227-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 94th target gene is the hsa-miR-6722-3p gene, a congener thereof a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 95th target gene is the hsa-miR-4286 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 96th target gene is the hsa-miR-4746-3p gene, a congener thereof a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 97th target gene is the hsa-miR-6727-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 98th target gene is the hsa-miR-6816-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 99th target gene is the hsa-miR-4741 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 100th target gene is the hsa-miR-4508 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 101st target gene is the hsa-miR-940 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 102nd target gene is the hsa-miR-4327 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 103rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4665-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 104th target gene is the hsa-atiR-718 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 105th target gene is the hsa-miR-125a-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Patent Literature 1 described above).

The 106th target gene is the hsa-miR-204-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Patent Literature 2 described above)

The 107th target gene is the hsa-miR-1469 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 4 described above)

The 108th target gene is the hsa-miR-575 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Patent Literature 3 described above)

The 109th target gene is the hsa-miR-150-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 4 described above)

The 110th target gene is the hsa-miR-423-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Patent Literature 2 described above)

The 111th target gene is the hsa-miR-564 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 4 described above)

The 112th target gene is the hsa-miR-3188 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 5 described above)

The 113th target gene is the hsa-miR-1246 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 4 described above)

The 114th target gene is the hsa-miR-602 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 7 described above).

The 115th target gene is the hsa-miR-1290 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 6 described above).

The 116th target gene is the hsa-miR-16-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Patent Literature 3 described above).

The 117th target gene is the hsa-miR-45 1 a gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Patent Literature 4 described above).

The 118th target gene is the hsa-miR-24-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Patent Literature 3 described above).

The 119th target gene is the hsa-miR-187-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Patent Literature 5 described above)

The 120th target gene is the hsa-miR-1908-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 4 described above)

The 121st target gene is the hsa-miR-371a-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 4 described above)

The 122nd target gene is the hsa-miR-550a-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. The previously known report shows that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer (Non-Patent Literature 6 described above).

The 123rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4417 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 124th target gene is the hsa-miR-4707-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 125th target gene is the hsa-miR-7847-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 126th target gene is the hsa-miR-2861 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 127th target gene is the hsa-miR-4513 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 128th target gene is the hsa-miR-7111-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 129th target gene is the hsa-miR-6777-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 130th target gene is the hsa-miR-7113-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 131st target gene is the hsa-miR-4648 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 132nd target gene is the hsa-miR-3184-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 133rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4271 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 134th target gene is the hsa-miR-6791-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 135th target gene is the hsa-miR-642a-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 136th target gene is the hsa-miR-7108-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 137th target gene is the hsa-miR-128-1-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 138th target gene is the hsa-miR-5196-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 139th target gene is the hsa-miR-3178 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 140th target gene is the hsa-miR-3656 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 141st target gene is the hsa-miR-92a-2-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 142nd target gene is the hsa-miR-6769b-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 143rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4689 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 144th target gene is the hsa-miR-6076 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 145th target gene is the hsa-miR-92b-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 146th target gene is the hsa-miR-6774-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 147th target gene is the hsa-miR-486-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 148th target gene is the hsa-miR-6806-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 149th target gene is the hsa-miR-6842-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 150th target gene is the hsa-miR-6716-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 151st target gene is the hsa-miR-557 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 152nd target gene is the hsa-miR-4673 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 153rd target gene is the hsa-miR-4674 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 154th target gene is the hsa-miR-4442 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 155th target gene i.s the hsa-mi.R-1915-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 156th target gene is the hsa-miR-4687-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 157th target gene is the hsa-miR-92b-3p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 158th target gene is the hsa-miR-1203 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 159th target gene is the hsa-mir-663b gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 160th target gene is the hsa-mir-4258 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 161st target gene is the hsa-mir-4649 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 162nd target gene is the hsa-mir-4516 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 163rd target gene is the hsa-mir-3619 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 164th target gene is the hsa-mir-6826 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 165th target gene is the hsa-mir-6757 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 166th target gene is the hsa-mir-3131 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 167th target gene is the hsa-mir-1343 gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 168th target gene is the hsa-miR-6775-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 169th target gene is the hsa-miR-6813-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

The 170th target gene is the hsa-miR-3940-5p gene, a congener thereof, a transcript thereof, or a variant or a derivative thereof. None of the previously known reports show that change in the expression of the gene or the transcript thereof can serve as a marker for pancreatic cancer.

2. Nucleic Acid Probe or Primer for Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

In the present invention, a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to any of the target nucleic acids as the pancreatic cancer markers described above can be used as a nucleic acid, for example, a nucleic acid probe or a primer, for the detection or diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

In the present invention, the nucleic acid probes or the primers that can be used for detecting pancreatic cancer or for diagnosing pancreatic cancer enable qualitative and/or quantitative measurement of the presence, expression level, or existing amount (abundance) of: any of human-derived hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-6075, hsa-miR-6820-5p, hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6729-5p, hsa-miR-4476, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6765-3p, hsa-miR-6799-5p, hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-4454, hsa-miR-615-5p, hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-4634, hsa-miR-4450, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-665, hsa-miR-7975, hsa-miR-7109-5p, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4497, hsa-miR-6877-5p, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-4734, hsa-miR-6821-5p, hsa-miR-8089, hsa-miR-5585-3p, hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-4433-3p, hsa-miR-1231, hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-7114-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p, hsa-miR-8069, hsa-miR-4732-5p, hsa-miR-619-5p, hsa-miR-3622a-5p, hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-6741-5p, hsa-miR-6781-5p, hsa-miR-6125, hsa-miR-6805-5p, hsa-miR-6132, hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-6875-5p, hsa-miR-1908-3p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-4736, hsa-miR-5100, hsa-miR-7107-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4638-5p, hsa-miR-1273g-3p, hsa-miR-6778-5p, hsa-miR-328-5p, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-6779-5p, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p, hsa-miR-760, hsa-miR-7704, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-4656, hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p, hsa-miR-6780b-5p, hsa-miR-6090, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-5195-3p, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4467, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-4281, hsa-miR-4505, hsa-miR-4484, hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-6768-5p, hsa-miR-6721-5p, hsa-miR-1227-5p, hsa-miR-6722-3p, hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-6727-5p, hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4741, hsa-miR-4508, hsa-miR-940, hsa-miR-4327, hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-1203, hsa-miR-663b, hsa-miR-4258, hsa-miR-4649-5p, hsa-miR-4516, hsa-ntiR-3619-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-6775-5p, hsa-miR-6813-5p, and hsa-miR-3940-5p, as target nucleic acids for pancreatic cancer, or a combination thereof; and hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3188, hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-371a-5p, and hsa-miR-550a-5p, that can be further optionally combined therewith or a combination thereof; and hsa-miR-4417, hsa-miR-4707-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, hsa-miR-2861, hsa-miR-4513, hsa-miR-7111-5p, hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p, hsa-miR-4648, hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-4271, hsa-miR-6791-5p, hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-5196-5p, hsa-miR-3178, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-6769b-5p, hsa-miR-4689, hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-6774-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6806-5p, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, hsa-miR-557, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-4674, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-1915-3p, hsa-miR-4687-3p and hsa-miR-92b-3p, that can be further optionally combined therewith or a combination thereof; congeners thereof: transcripts thereof: or variants or derivatives thereof.

The expression levels of the target nucleic acids described above are increased or decreased (hereinafter, referred to as “increased/decreased”) depending on the types of the target nucleic acids in subjects having pancreatic cancer as compared with healthy subjects. Hence, the composition of the present invention can be effectively used for measuring expression levels of the target nucleic acids in body fluids from subjects (e.g., humans) suspected of having pancreatic cancer and body fluids from healthy subjects and thereby detecting pancreatic cancer through the comparison thereof. The composition of the invention can also be effectively used for measuring expression levels of the target nucleic acids in body fluids from subjects (e.g., humans) suspected of having pancreatic cancer and body fluids from colorectal cancer patients, stomach cancer patients, esophageal cancer patients, liver cancer patients, and benign pancreaticobiliary disease patients and thereby specifically detecting pancreatic cancer while distinguished from other cancers, benign diseases or the like, through the comparison thereof.

The nucleic acid probe or the primer that can be used in the present invention is a nucleic acid probe capable of specifically binding to a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by at least one of SEQ If3 NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494, or a primer for amplifying a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494.

The nucleic acid probe or the primer that can be used in the present invention may further comprise a nucleic acid probe capable of specifically binding to a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by at least one of SEQ NOs: 105 to 122, or a primer for amplifying a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122.

The nucleic acid probe or the primer that can be used in the present invention may further comprise a nucleic acid probe capable of specifically binding to a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383, or a primer for amplifying a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383.

Specifically, these nucleic acid probes or primers comprise a combination of one or more polynucleotides selected from: a group of polynucleotides comprising nucleotide sequences represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or nucleotide sequences derived from the nucleotide sequences by the replacement of u with t, and a group of complementary polynucleotides thereof; a group of polynucleotides respectively hybridizing under stringent conditions (mentioned later) to DNAs consisting of nucleotide sequences complementary to these nucleotide sequences, and a group of complementary polynucleotides thereof; and a group of polynucleotides comprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or more consecutive nucleotides and being from the nucleotide sequences of these polynucleotide groups. These polynucleotides can be used as nucleic acid probes and primers for detecting the pancreatic cancer markers as target nucleic acids.

More specifically, examples of the nucleic acid probes or the primers that can be used in the present invention include one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (a) to (e):

(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494;

(c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (a) to (d).

In addition to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from any of the polynucleotides (a) to (e), the nucleic acid probes or the primers that can be used in the present invention may further comprise any of the following polynucleotides (1) to (i):

(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(g) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122;

l (h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(j) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (f) to (i).

In addition to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from any of the polynucleotides (a) to (j), the nucleic acid probes or the primers that can be used in the present invention may further comprise any of the following polynucleotides (k) to (o):

(k) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(l) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383;

(m) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(n) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(o) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (k) to (n).

For the above-mentioned polynucleotides. the “fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides” can comprise, but is not limited to, the number of nucleotides in the range of, for example, from 15 consecutive nucleotides to less than the total number of nucleotides of the sequence, from 17 consecutive nucleotides to less than the total number of nucleotides of the sequence, from 19 consecutive nucleotides to less than the total number of nucleotides of the sequence, or the like, and is from the nucleotide sequence of each polynucleotide.

These polynucleotides or fragments thereof used in the present invention may each be DNA or may each be RNA.

The polynucleotides that can be used in the present invention can be prepared by use of a general technique such as a DNA recombination technique, a PCR method, or a method using an automatic DNA/RNA synthesizer.

The DNA recombination technique and the PCR method may employ techniques described in, for example, Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Willey & Sons, US (1993); and Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning—A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, US (1989).

The human-derived hsa-miR-6893-5p, hsa-miR-6075, hsa-miR-6820-5p, hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6729-5p, hsa-miR-4476, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6765-3p, hsa-miR-6799-5p, hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-7641, hsa-miR-7-1454, hsa-miR-615-5p, hsa-miR-8073, hsa-miR-663a, hsa-miR-4634, hsa-miR-4450, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-665, hsa-miR-7975, hsa-miR-7109-5p, hsa-miR-6789-5p, hsa-miR-4497, hsa-miR-6877-5p, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-4734, hsa-m1R-6821-5p, hsa-miR-8089, hsa-miR-5585-3p, hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-6845-5p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-m1R-4433-3p, hsa-miR-1231, hsa-miR-4665-5p, hsa-miR-7114-5p, hsa-miR-1238-5p, hsa-miR-8069, hsa-miR-4732-5p, hsa-miR-619-5p, hsa-miR-3622a-5p, hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-6741-5p, hsa-miR-6781-5p, hsa-miR-6125, hsa-miR-6805-5p, hsa-miR-6132, hsa-miR-6872-3p, hsa-miR-6875-5p, hsa-miR-1908-3p, hsa-miR-4433b-3p, hsa-miR-4736, hsa-miR-5100, hsa-miR-6724-5p, hsa-miR-7107-5p, hsa-miR-6726-5p, hsa-miR-3185, hsa-miR-4638-5p, hsa-miR-1273g-3p, hsa-miR-6778-5p, hsa-miR-328-5p, hsa-miR-3679-3p, hsa-miR-1228-3p, hsa-miR-6779-5p, hsa-miR-4723-5p, hsa-miR-6850-5p, 760, hsa-miR-7704, hsa-miR-8072, hsa-miR-4486, hsa-miR-1913, hsa-miR-4656, hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-7106-5p, hsa-miR-6889-5p, hsa-miR-6780b-5p, hsa-miR-6090, hsa-miR-4534, hsa-miR-4449, hsa-miR-5195-3p, hsa-miR-1202, hsa-miR-4467, hsa-miR-6515-3p, hsa-miR-4281, hsa-miR-4505, hsa-mi.R-4484, hsa-miR-6805-3p, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-3162-5p, hsa-miR-6768-5p, hsa-miR-6721-5p, hsa-miR-1227-5p, hsa-miR-6722-3p, hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-4746-3p, hsa-miR-6727-5p, hsa-miR-6816-5p, hsa-miR-4741, hsa-miR-4508, hsa-miR-940, hsa-miR-4327, hsa-miR-4665-3p, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-204-3p, hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-150-3p, hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-3188, hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-602, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-187-5p, hsa-miR-1908-5p, hsa-miR-37 la-5p, hsa-miR-550a-5p, hsa-miR-4417, hsa-miR-4707-5p, hsa-miR-7847-3p, hsa-miR-2861, hsa-miR-4513, hsa-miR-7111-5p, hsa-miR-6777-5p, hsa-miR-7113-3p, hsa-miR-4648, hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-4271, hsa-miR-6791-5p, hsa-miR-642a-3p, hsa-miR-7108-5p, hsa-miR-128-1-5p, hsa-miR-5196-5p, hsa-miR-3178, hsa-miR-3656, hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, hsa-miR-6769b-5p, hsa-miR-4689, hsa-miR-6076, hsa-miR-92b-5p, hsa-miR-6774-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-6806-5p, hsa-miR-6842-5p, hsa-miR-6716-5p, hsa-miR-557, hsa-miR-4673, hsa-miR-4674, hsa-miR-4442, hsa-miR-1915-3p, hsa-miR-4687-3p, hsa-miR-92h-3p, hsa-miR-1203, hsa-miR-663h, hsa-miR-4258, hsa-miR-4649-5p, hsa-miR-4516, hsa-miR-3619-3p, hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-miR-6757-5p, hsa-miR-3131, hsa-miR-1343-3p, hsa-miR-6775-5p, hsa-miR-6813-5p and hsa-miR-3940-5p represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 are known in the art, and their obtainment methods are also known as mentioned above. Therefore, each polynucleotide that can be used as a nucleic acid probe or a primer in the present invention can be prepared by cloning the gene.

Such nucleic acid probes or primers can be chemically synthesized using an automatic DNA synthesizer. In general, the phosphoramidite method is used in this synthesis, and single-stranded DNA up to approximately 100 nucleotides can be automatically synthesized by this method. The automatic DNA synthesizer is commercially available from, for example, Polygen GmbH, ABI, or Applied Biosystems,

Alternatively, the polynucleotides of the present invention can also be prepared by cDNA cloning methods. The cDNA cloning technique may employ, for example, microRNA Clonin2 Kit Wako.

In this context, the sequences of the nucleic acid probes and the primers for detecting the polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 do not exist as rniRNAs or precursors thereof in the living body or in vivo. For example, the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ NO: 36 and SEQ ID NO: 103 are produced from the precursor represented by SEQ ID NO: 159. This precursor has a hairpin-like structure as shown in FIG. 1, and the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 36 and SEQ ID NO: 103 have mismatch sequences with each other. As such, a nucleotide sequence completely complementary to the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 103 does not naturally occur in vivo. Therefore, the nucleic acid probes and the primers for detecting the nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 have artificial nucleotide sequences that do not exist in the living body or in vivo,

3. Kit or Device for Detection of Pancreatic Cancer

The present invention also provides a hit or a device for the detection of pancreatic cancer, comprising one or more polynucleotides (which may include a variant, a fragment, or a derivative thereof) that can be used as nucleic acid probes or primers in the present invention for measuring target nucleic acids as pancreatic cancer markers.

The target nucleic acids as pancreatic cancer markers according to the present invention are at least one nucleic acid selected from the following group A:

Group A:

miR-6893-5p, miR-6075, miR-6820-5p, -4294, miR-6729-5p, miR-4476, miR-6836-3p, miR-6765-3p, miR-6799-5p, miR-4530, miR-7641, miR-4454, miR-615-5p, miR-8073, miR-663a, miR-4634, miR-4450, miR-4792, miR-665, miR-7975, miR-7109-5p, miR-6789-5p, miR-4497, miR-6877-5p, miR-6880-5p, miR-7977, miR-4734, miR-6821-5p, miR-8089, miR-5585-3p, miR-6085, miR-6845-5p, miR-4651, miR-4433-3p, miR-1231 miR-4665-5p, miR-7114-5p, miR-1 38-5p, miR-8069, milt-4732-5p, miR-619-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-1260a, miR-6741-5p, miR-6781-5p, milt-6125, miR-6805-5p, miR-6132, miR-6872-3p, ma-6875-5p, miR-I908-3p, miR-4433b-3p, miR-4736, miR-5100, miR-6724-5p, miR-7107-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3185, miR-4638-5p, miR-1273g-3p, miR-6778-5p, miR-328-5p, miR-3679-3p, miR-1228-3p, miR-6779-5p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-760, miR-7704, miR-8072, miR-4486, miR-1913, miR-4656, miR-1260b, miR-7106-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6780b-5p, miR-6090, miR-4534, miR-4449, miR-5195-3p, miR-1202, miR-4467, miR-65 15-3p, miR-4281, miR-4505, miR-4484, miR-6805-3p, miR-3135b, miR-3162-5p, miR-6768-5p, miR-6721-5p, miR-1227-5p, miR-6722-3p, miR-4286, miR-4746-3p, miR-6727-5p, miR-6816-5p, miR-4741, miR-4508, miR-940, miR-4327, miR-4665-3p, miR-718, miR-1203, miR-663h, miR-4258, miR-4649-5p, miR-4516, miR-3619-3p, milt-6826-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-3131, miR-1343-3p, miR-6775-5p, miR-6813-5p, and miR-3940-5p.

Additional target nucleic acids that may be optionally used in the measurement are at least one nucleic acid selected from the following group B:

Group B:

miR-125a-3p, miR-204-3p, miR-1469, miR-575, miR-150-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-564, miR-3188, mi.R-1246, miR-602, miR-1290, miR-16-5p, miR-451a, miR-24-3p, miR-187-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-371a-5p, and miR-550a-5p.

Additional target nucleic acids that may he further optionally used in the measurement are at least one nucleic acid selected from the following group C:

Group C:

miR-4417, miR-4707-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-2861., miR-4513, miR-71.11-5p, miR-6777-5p, miR-711.3-3p, miR-4648, miR-3184-5p, miR-4271, miR-6791-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-5196-5p, miR-3178, miR-3656, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-6769b-5p, miR-4689, miR-6076, miR-92h-5p, miR-6774-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6806-5p, miR-6842-5p, miR-6716-5p, miR-557, miR-4673, miR-4674, miR-4442, miR-1915-3p, miR-4687-3p, and miR-92b-3p.

The kit or the device of the present invention comprises one or more nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to any of the target nucleic acids as the pancreatic cancer markers described above, preferably one or more polynucleotides selected from the polynucleotides described in the preceding Section 2, or variants thereof.

Specifically, the kit or the device of the present invention can comprise at least one or more polynucleotides comprising (or consisting of) a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, polynucleotide(s) comprising (or consisting of) a complementary sequence thereof, a polynucleotide(s) hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of these polynucleotides, or a variant(s) or a fragment(s) comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides of any of these polynucleotide sequences.

The kit or the device of the present invention can further comprise one or more polynucleotides comprising (or consisting of) a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a polynucleotide(s) comprising (or consisting of) a complementary sequence thereof, a polynucleotide(s) hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of these polynucleotides, a variant(s) or a fragment(s) comprising 1.5 or more consecutive nucleotides of any of these polynucleotide sequences.

The kit or the device of the present invention can further comprise one or more polynucleotides comprising (or consisting of) a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, polynucleotide(s) comprising (or consisting of) a complementary sequence thereof, a polynucleotide(s) hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of these polynucleotides, a variant(s) or a fragments) comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides of any of these polynucleotide sequences.

The fragment or fragments that can be comprised in the kit or the device of the present invention is/are, for example, one or more polynucleotides, preferably two or more polynucleotides, selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (1) to (3):

(1) a polynucleotide comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides that are from a nucleotide sequence derived from a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 by the replacement of u with t, or a complementary sequence thereof;

(2) a polynucleotide comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides that are from a nucleotide sequence derived from a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 by the replacement of u with t, or a complementary sequence thereof; and

(3) a polynucleotide comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides that are from a nucleotide sequence derived from a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 by the replacement of u with t, or a complementary sequence thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the polynucleotide is a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a polynucleotide consisting of a complementary sequence thereof, a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of these polynucleotides, or a variant thereof comprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or more, more preferably 19 or more consecutive nucleotides.

In a preferred embodiment, the polynucleotide is a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a polynucleotide consisting of a complementary sequence thereof, a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of these polynucleotides, or a variant thereof comprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or more, more preferably 19 or more consecutive nucleotides.

In a preferred embodiment, the polynucleotide is a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ IO NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a polynucleotide consisting of a complementary sequence thereof, a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of these polynucleotides, or a variant thereof comprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or more, more preferably 19 or more consecutive nucleotides.

In a preferred embodiment, the fragment can be a polynucleotide comprising 15 or more, preferably 17 or more, more preferably 19 or more consecutive nucleotides.

In the present invention, the size of the polynucleotide fragment is the number of nucleotides in the range from, for example, 15 consecutive nucleotides to less than the total number of nucleotides of the sequence, from 17 consecutive nucleotides to less than the total number of nucleotides of the sequence, or from 19 consecutive nucleotides to less than the total number of nucleotides of the sequence, in the nucleotide sequence of each polynucleotide.

Specific examples of the aforementioned combination constituting the kit or the device of the present invention can include the above-mentioned polynucleotides relevant to the combinations of SEQ ID NOs shown in Table 1 (i.e., SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 corresponding to the miRNA markers in Table 1). However, these are given merely for illustrative purposes, and all of various other possible combinations are included in the present invention.

The combination constituting the kit or the device for discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient from a healthy subject according to the present invention is desirably, for example, a combination of two or more polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs shown in Table 1. Usually, a combination of two of these polynucleotides can produce adequate performance.

The specific combination of two polynucleotides that consist of the above-mentioned nucleotide sequences or the complementary sequences thereof for discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient from a healthy subject is preferably a combination comprising at least one or more polynucleotides of the newly found polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494, among the combinations constituted by two polynucleotides of the polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ IO NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494.

The combination of two polynucleotides that consist of the above-mentioned nucleotide sequences or the complementary sequences thereof for discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient from a healthy subject is preferably a combination of a plurality of polynucleotid.es comprising at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 4, 7, 15, 24, 105, 107, and 108 or complementary sequences thereof, with any of the polynucleotides of the other SEQ ID NOs,

Non-limiting examples of the combination comprising a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a complementary sequence thereof among the combinations constituted by two polynucleotides of the polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122,349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 for discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient from a healthy subject are listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 77 (markers: hsa-miR-6893-5p and hsa-miR-6780b-5p);

(2) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 119 (markers: hsa-miR-6893-5p and hsa-miR-187-5p); and

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 20 (markers: hsa-miR-6893-5p and hsa-miR-7975).

Non-limiting examples of the combination comprising a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a complementary sequence thereof among the combinations constituted by two polynucleotides of the polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 for discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient from a healthy subject are further listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 105 (markers: hsa-miR-6075 and hsa-miR-125a-3p);

(2) a combination of SEQ NOs: 2 and 16 (markers: hsa-miR-6075 and hsa-miR-4634); and

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 10 (markers: hsa-miR-6075 and hsa-miR-4530).

Non-limiting examples of the combination comprising a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or a complementary sequence thereof among the combinations constituted by two polynucleotides of the polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 for discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient from a healthy subject are further listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 105 (markers: hsa-miR-4294 and hsa-miR-125a-3p);

(2) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 119 (markers: hsa-miR-4294 and hsa-miR-187-5p); and

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4 and 45 (markers: hsa-miR-4294 and hsa-miR-6781-5p).

Non-limiting examples of the combination comprising a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a complementary sequence thereof among the combinations constituted by two polynucleotides of the polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 for discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient from a healthy subject are further listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 105 (markers: hsa-miR-6836-3p and hsa-miR-125a-30;

(2) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 34 (markers: hsa-miR-6836-3p and hsa-miR-4433-3p); and

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 12 (markers: hsa-miR-6836-3p and hsa-miR-4454).

Non-limiting examples of the combination comprising a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 105 or a complementary sequence thereof among the combinations constituted by two polynucleotides of the polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 122, 349 to 383, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 for discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient from a healthy subject are further listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 18 and 105 (markers: hsa-miR-4792 and hsa-miR-125a-3p);

(2) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 46 and 105 (markers: hsa-miR-6125 and hsa-miR-125a-3p); and

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 105 and 494 (markers: hsa-miR-125a-3p and hsa-miR-3940-5p).

The combination of polynucleotides with cancer type specificity capable of discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient not only from a healthy subject but also from other cancer patients is preferably, for example, a combination of multiple polynucleotides comprising: at least one polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 25, 28, 30, 31, 38, 48, 82, 103, 105, 108, and 464 or complementary sequences thereof (hereinafter, this group is referred to as “cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1”); and any of the polynucleotides of the other SEQ ID NOs.

The combination of polynucleotides with cancer type specificity capable of discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient not only from a healthy subject but also from other cancer patients is more preferably a combination of multiple polynucleotides selected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1.

The combination of polynucleotides with cancer type specificity capable of discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient not only from a healthy subject but also from other cancer patients is more preferably a combination comprising at least one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of polynucleotides consisting of the nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, 7. 10, and 25 or complementary sequences thereof (hereinafter, this group is referred to as “cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 2”) included in the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1, among the combinations of multiple polynucleotides selected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1. The number of the polynucleotides with cancer type specificitymay be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more in the combination and is more preferably 4 or more in the combination. Usually, the combination of 4 polynucleotides of these polynucleotides can produce adequate performance.

Non limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NC): 2 or a complementary sequence thereof, with polynucleotides consisting of nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ NOs of three polynucleotides selected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 or complementary sequences thereof are listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 9, 105, and 7 (markers: hsa-miR-6075, hsa-miR-6799-5p, hsa-miR-125a-3p, and hsa-miR-6836-3p);

(2) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 7, 108, and 464 (markers: hsa-miR-6075, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-575, and hsa-miR-1203);

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 31, 48, and 38 (markers: hsa-miR-6075, hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-6132, and hsa-miR-1238-5p),

(4) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 31, 28, and 48 (markers: hsa-miR-6075, hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-6821-5p, and hsa-miR-6132); and

(5) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 25, 105, and 10 (markers: hsa-miR-6075, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-125a-3p, and hsa-miR-4530).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or a complementary sequence thereof, with polynucleotides consisting of nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of three polynucleotides selected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 or complementary sequences thereof are further listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 31, 7, and 82 (markers: hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-6836-3p, and hsa-miR-1202);

(2) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 31, 28, and 82 (markers: hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6085, hsa-miR-6821-5p, and hsa-miR-1202);

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 10, 7, and 82 (markers: hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-6836-3p, and hsa-miR-1202);

(4) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 7, 82, and 103 (markers: hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-1202, and hsa-miR-4665-3p); and

(5) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 105, 10, and 6 arkers: hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-4530, and hsa-miR-4476).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a complementary sequence thereof, with polynucleotides consisting of nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of three polynucleotides selected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 or complementary sequences thereof are further listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 7, 82. and 101 (markers: hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-1202, and hsa-miR-940);

(2) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 7, 38, and 82 (markers: hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-1238-5p, and hsa-miR-1202);

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 61, and 68 (markers: hsa-miR-4476, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6778-5p, and hsa-miR-760);

(4) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 7, 47, and 82 (markers: hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6805-5p, and hsa-miR-1202); and

(5) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 7, 82, and 103 (markers: hsa-miR-4294, hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-1202, and hsa-miR-4665-3p),

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 or a complementary sequence thereof, with polynucleotides consisting of nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs of three polynucleotides selected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 or complementary sequences thereof are further listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 10, 47, 90, and 101 (markers: hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-6805-5p, hsa-miR-3162-5p, and hsa-miR-940);

(2) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 10, 30, 103, and 365 (markers: hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-5585-3p, hsa-miR-4665-3, and phsa-miR-3178);

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 9, 10, 61, and 68 (markers: hsa-miR-6799-5p, hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-6778-5p, and hsa-miR-760);

(4) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 10, 48, 68, and 90 (markers: hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-6132, hsa-miR-760, and hsa-miR-3162-5p); and

(5) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 10, 30, 68, and 365 (markers: hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR-5585-3p, hsa-miR-760, and hsa-miR-3178).

Non-limiting examples of the combination of the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 25 or a complementary sequence thereof, with polynucleotides consisting of nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ NOs of three polynucleotides selected from the cancer type-specific polynucleotide group 1 or complementary sequences thereof are further listed below:

(1) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 7, 25, 466, and 47 (markers: hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-4258, and hsa-miR-6805-5p);

(2) a combination of SEQ NOs: 7, 25, 48, and 466 (markers: hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-6132, and hsa-miR-4258);

(3) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 7, 25, 28, and 466 (markers: hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-6821-5p, and lisa-miR-4258);

(4) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 7, 25, 30. and 466 (markers: hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-5585-3p, and hsa-miR-4258); and

(5) a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 7, 25, 31, and 47 (markers: hsa-miR-6836-3p, hsa-miR-6880-5p, hsa-miR-6085, and hsa-miR-6805-5p).

The kit or the device of the present invention can also comprise a known polynucleotide(s) that enables detection of pancreatic cancer, or a polynucleotide(s) that will be found in the future, in addition to the polynucleotide(s) (which may include a variant(s), a fragment(s), and a derivative(s)) as described above according to the present invention.

The kit of the present invention can also comprise an antibody for measuring a marker or markers for pancreatic cancer examination known in the art, such as CEA, CA19-9, SPan-1, DUPAN-2, CA50, CA242, TAG-72, urinary fucose, POA, and TPS, in addition to the polynucleotide(s) according to the present invention as described above, and a variant or variants thereof or a fragment or fragments thereof.

These polynucleotides and variants thereof or fragments thereof contained in the kit of the present invention may be packaged in different containers either individually or in any combination.

The kit of the present invention may comprise a kit for extracting nucleic acids (e.g., total RNA) from body fluids, cells, or tissues, a fluorescent material for labeling, an enzyme and a medium for nucleic acid amplification, an instruction manual, etc.

The device of the present invention is a device for cancer marker measurement in which nucleic acids such as the polynucleotides according to the present invention described above, variants thereof, derivatives thereof, or fragments thereof are bonded or attached to, for example, a solid phase. Examples of the material for the solid phase include plastics, paper, glass, and silicon. The material for the solid phase is preferably a plastic from the viewpoint of easy processability. The solid phase has any shape and is, for example, square, round, reed-shaped, or film-shaped. The device of the present invention includes, for example, a device for measurement by a hybridization technique, Specific examples thereof include blotting devices and nucleic acid arrays (e.g., microarrays, DNA chips, and RNA chips).

The nucleic acid array technique is a technique which involves bonding or attaching the nucleic acids one by one by use of a method [e.g., a method of spotting the nucleic acids using a high-density dispenser called spotter or arrayer onto the surface of the solid phase surface-treated, if necessary, by coating with L-lysine or the introduction of a functional group such as an amino group or a carboxyl group, a method of spraying the nucleic acids onto the solid phase using an inkjet which injects very small liquid droplets by a piezoelectric element or the like from a nozzle, or a method of sequentially synthesizing nucleotides on the solid phase] to prepare an array such as a chip and measuring target nucleic acids through the use of hybridization using this array.

The kit or the device of the present invention comprises nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to the polynucleotides of at least one or more, preferably at least two or more, more preferably at least three or more, most preferably at least five or more to all of the pancreatic cancer marker miRNAs, respectively, of the group 1 described above. The kit or the device of the present invention can optionally further comprise nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to the polynucleotides of at least one or more, preferably at least two or more, more preferably at least three or more, most preferably at least five or more to all of the pancreatic cancer marker miRNAs, respectively, of the group 2 described above. The kit or the device of the present invention can optionally further comprise nucleic acids capable of specifically binding to the polynucleotides of at least one or more, preferably at least two or more, more preferably at least three or more, most preferably at least five or more to all of the pancreatic cancer marker miRNAs, respectively, of the group 3 described above.

The kit or the device of the present invention can be used for detecting pancreatic cancer as described in Section 4 below.

4. Method for detecting pancreatic cancer

The present invention further provides a method for detecting pancreatic cancer, comprising using the kit or the device of the present invention (comprising the above-mentioned nucleic acid(s) that can be used in the present invention) as described in Section 3 above to measure expression levels of one or more pancreatic cancer-derived genes represented by: an expression level(s) of pancreatic cancer-derived gene(s) selected from the following group of miRNAs, i.e., miR-6893-5p, miR-6075, miR-6820-5p, miR-4294, miR-6729-5p, miR-4476, miR-6836-3p, miR-6765-3p, miR-6799-5p, miR-4530, miR-7641, miR-4454, miR-615-5p, miR-8073, miR-663a, miR-4634, miR-4450, miR-4792, miR-665, miR-7975, miR-7109-5p, miR-6789-5p, miR-4497, miR-6877-5p, miR-6880-5p, miR-7977, miR-4734, ntiR-6821-5p, miR-8089, miR-5585-3p, miR-6085, miR-6845-5p, miR-4651, miR-4433-3p, miR-1231, miR-4665-5p, miR-7114-5p, miR-1238-5p, miR-8069, miR-4732-5p, miR-619-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-1260a, miR-6741-5p, miR-6781-5p, miR-6125, miR-6805-5p, miR-6132, miR-6872-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-1908-3p, miR-4433b-3p, miR-4736, miR-5100, miR-6724-5p, miR-7107-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3185, miR-4638-5p, miR-1273g-3p, miR-6778-5p, miR-328-5p, miR-3679-3p, miR-1228-3p, miR-6779-5p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-760, miR-7704, miR-8072, miR-4486, miR-1913, miR-4656, miR-1260b, miR-7106-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6780b-5p, miR-6090, miR-4534, miR-4449, miR-5195-3p, miR-1202, miR-4467, miR-6515-3p, miR-4281, miR-4505, miR-4484, miR-6805-3p, miR-3135b, miR-3162-5p, miR-6768-5p, miR-6721-5p, miR-1227-5p, miR-6722-3p, miR-4286, miR-4746-3p, miR-6727-5p, miR-6816-5p, miR-4741, miR-44508, miR-940, miR-4327, miR-4665-3p and miR-718, miR-1203, miR-663b, miR-4258, miR-4649-5p, miR-4516, miR-3619-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-3131, miR-1343-3p, miR-6775-5p, miR-6813-5p, and miR-3940-5p; and optionally an expression level(s) of pancreatic cancer-derived gene(s) selected from the following group of miRNA: miR-125a-3p, miR-204-3p, ma-1469, miR-575, miR-150-3p, ma-423-5p, miR-564, miR-3188, miR-1246, miR-602, miR-1290, ma-16-5p, miR-451a, miR-24-3p, miR-187-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-371a-5p, and miR-550a-5p; and optionally an expression level(s) of pancreatic cancer-derived gene(s) selected from the following group of miRNAs, i.e., miR-4417, miR-4707-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-2861, miR-4513, miR-7111-5p, ma-6777-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-4648, miR-3184-5p, ma-4271, miR-6791-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-5196-5p, miR-3178, miR-3656, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-6769b-5p, miR-4689, miR-6076, miR-92b-5p, miR-6774-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6806-5p, miR-6842-5p, miR-6716-5p, miR-557, miR-4673, miR-4674, miR-4442, miR-1915-3p, miR-4687-3p, and miR-92b-3p, in a sample in vitro, further comparing, for example, the expression level.(s) of the gene(s) in the sample (e.g., blood, serum, or plasma) collected from a subject suspected of having pancreatic cancer, with a control expression level(s) in the sample(s) collected from a healthy subject(s) (including a non-pancreatic cancer patient(s)), and evaluating the subject as having pancreatic cancer when the expression level(s) of the target nucleic acid(s) is statistically significantly different between the samples.

This method of the present invention enables a limitedly invasive, early diagnosis of the cancer with high sensitivity and high specificity and thereby brings about early treatment and improved prognosis. In addition, exacerbation of the disease or the effectiveness of surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic treatments can be monitored.

The method for extracting the pancreatic cancer-derived gene(s) from the sample such as blood, serum, or plasma according to the present invention is particularly preferably prepared by the addition of a reagent for RNA extraction in 3D-Gene™ RNA extraction reagent from liquid sample kit (Toray Industries, Inc.). A general acidic phenol method (acid guanidinium-phenol-chloroform (AGPC)) may be used, or Trizol“” (Life Technologies Corp.) may be used. The pancreatic cancer-derived gene(s) may be prepared by the addition of a reagent for RNA extraction containing acidic phenol, such as Trizol (Life Technologies Corp.) or Isogen (Nippon Gene Co., Ltd., Japan). Alternatively, a kit such as miRNeasy™ Mini Kit (Qiagen N.V.) may be used, though the method is not limited thereto.

The present invention also provides use of the kit or the device of the present invention for detecting in vitro an expression product(s) of a pancreatic cancer-derived miRNA gene(s) in a sample derived from a subject.

In the method of the present invention, the kit or the device described above comprises a single polynucleotide or any possible combination of polynucleotides that can be used in the present invention as described above.

In the detection or (genetic) diagnosis of pancreatic cancer according to the present invention, each polynucleotide contained in the kit or the device of the present invention can be used as a probe or a primer. In the case of using the polynucleotide as a primer, TaqMan™ MicroRNA Assays from Life Technologies Corp., miScript PCR System from Qiagen N.V., or the like can be used, though the method is not limited thereto.

The polynucleotide contained in the kit or the device of the present invention can be used as a primer or a probe according to a routine method in a method known in the art for specifically detecting the particular gene, for example, a hybridization technique such as Northern blot, Southern blot, in situ hybridization, Northern hybridization, or Southern hybridization, or a quantitative amplification technique such as quantitative RT-PCR. A body fluid such as blood, serum, plasma, or urine from a subject is collected as a sample to be assayed according to the type of the detection method used. Alternatively, total RNA prepared from such a body fluid by the method described above may be used, and various polynucleotides including cDNA prepared on the basis of the RNA may be used.

The kit or the device of the present invention is useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer or the detection of the presence or absence of pancreatic cancer. Specifically, the detection of pancreatic cancer using the kit or the device can be performed by detecting in vitro an expression level(s) of a gene(s) using the nucleic acid probe(s) or the primer(s) contained in the kit or the device, in a sample such as blood, serum, plasma, or urine from a subject suspected of having pancreatic cancer. The subject suspected of having pancreatic cancer can be evaluated as having pancreatic cancer when the expression level(s) of a target miRNA marker(s) measured using polynucleotide(s) (including a variant(s), a fragment(s), and a derivative(s) thereof) consisting of a nucleotide sequence(s) represented by at least one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a complementary sequence(s) thereof, and optionally a nucleotide sequence(s) represented by one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a complementary sequence(s) thereof, and optionally a nucleotide sequences) represented by one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a complementary sequence(s) thereof, in the sample such as blood, serum, plasma, or urine of the subject, has a statistically significant difference compared to an expression level(s) thereof in the sample such as blood, serum, or plasma, or urine of a healthy subject.

The method of the present invention can be combined with a diagnostic imaging method such as abdominal ultrasonography, CT scanning, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or endoscopic ultrasonography. The method of the present invention is capable of specifically detecting pancreatic cancer and can substantially discriminate pancreatic cancer from the other cancers. Particularly, for bile duct cancer, some miRNA markers for pancreatic cancer can be commonly used. However, pancreatic cancer can be discriminated from bile duct cancer by a way of determining a discriminant boundary according to a discriminant. Alternatively, pancreatic cancer can be discriminated therefrom by combination with an additional diagnostic method such as the diagnostic imaging method as described above.

The method for detecting the absence of an expression product(s) of a pancreatic cancer-derived gene(s) or the presence of the expression product(s) of a pancreatic cancer-derived gene(s) in a sample using the kit or the device of the present invention comprises collecting a body fluid such as blood, serum, plasma, or urine of a subject, and measuring the expression level(s) of the target gene(s) contained therein using one or more polynucleotides (including a variant(s), a fragment(s), or a derivative(s)) selected from the groups of polynucleotides of the present invention, to evaluate the presence or absence of pancreatic cancer or to detect pancreatic cancer. The method for detecting pancreatic cancer according to the present invention can also evaluate or diagnose, for example, the presence or absence of amelioration of the disease or the degree of amelioration thereof in a pancreatic cancer patient in the case that a therapeutic drug is administered to the patient for amelioration of the disease.

The method of the present invention can comprise, for example, the following steps (a), (b), and (c):

(a) a step of contacting in vitro a sample from a subject with a polynucleotide(s) contained in the kit or the device of the present invention;

(b) a step of measuring an expression level(s) of the target nucleic acid(s) in the sample using the polynucleotid.e(s) as a nucleic acid probe(s) or primer(s); and

(c) a step of evaluating the presence or absence of pancreatic cancer (cells) in the subject on the basis of the measurement results in the step (b).

Specifically, the present invention provides a method for detecting pancreatic cancer, comprising: measuring an expression level(s) of a target nucleic acid(s) in a sample of a subject using a nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to at least one or more (preferably at least two or more) polynucleotides selected from the following miRNAs: miR-6893-5p, miR-6075, miR-6820-5p, miR-4294, miR-6729-5p, miR-4476, miR-6836-3p, miR-6765-3p, miR-6799-5p, miR-4530, miR-7641, miR-4454, miR-615-5p, miR-8073, miR-663a, miR-4634, miR-4450, miR-4792, miR-665, miR-7975, miR-7109-5p, miR-6789-5p, miR-4497, miR-6877-5p, miR-6880-5p, miR-7977, miR-4734, miR-6821-5p, miR-8089, miR-5585-3p, miR-6085, miR-6845-5p, miR-4651, miR-4433-3p, miR-1231, miR-4665-5p, miR-7114-5p, miR-1238-5p, miR-8069, miR-4732-5p, miR-619-5p, miR-3622a-5p, miR-1260a, miR-6741-5p, miR-6781-5p, miR-6125, miR-6805-5p, miR-6132, miR-6872-3p, miR-6875-5p, miR-1908-3p, miR-4433h-3p, miR-4736, miR-5100, miR-6724-5p, miR-7107-5p, miR-6726-5p, miR-3185, miR-4638-5p, miR-1273g-3p, miR-6778-5p, miR-328-5p, miR-3679-3p, miR-1228-3p, miR-6779-5p, miR-4723-5p, miR-6850-5p, miR-760, miR-7704, miR-8072, miR-4486, miR-1913, miR-4656, miR-1260b, miR-7106-5p, miR-6889-5p, miR-6780b-5p, miR-6090, miR-4534, miR-4449, miR-5195-3p, miR-1202, miR-4467, miR-6515-3p, miR-4281, miR-4505, miR-4484, miR-6805-3p, miR-3135b, miR-3162-5p, miR-6768-5p, miR-6721-5p, miR-1227-5p, miR-6722-3p, miR-4286, miR-4746-3p, miR-6727-5p, miR-6816-5p, miR-4741, miR-4508, miR-940, miR-4327, miR-4665-3p and miR-718, miR-1203, miR-663b, miR-4258, miR-4649-5p, miR-4516, miR-3619-3p, miR-6826-5p, miR-6757-5p, miR-3131, miR-1343-3p, miR-6775-5p, miR-6813-5p, and miR-3940-5p; and evaluating in yin?) whether or not the subject has pancreatic cancer subject using the above-measured expression levels and control expression levels of a healthy subject(s) measured in the same way as above.

As used herein, the term “evaluation” is evaluation support based on results of in vitro examination, not physician's judgment.

As described above, in the method of the present invention, specifically, miR-6893-5p is hsa-miR-6893-5p, miR-6075 is hsa-miR-6075, miR-6820-5p is hsa-miR-6820-5p, miR-4294 is hsa-miR-4294, miR-6729-5p is hsa-miR-6729-5p, miR-4476 is hsa-miR-4476, miR-6836-3p is hsa-miR-6836-3p, miR-6765-3p is hsa-miR-6765-3p, miR-6799-5p is hsa-miR-6799-5p, miR-4530 is hsa-miR-4530, miR-7641 is hsa-miR-7641, miR-4454 is hsa-miR-4454, miR-615-5p is hsa-miR-615-5p, miR-8073 is hsa-miR-8073, milt-663a is hsa-miR-663a, miR-4634 is hsa-miR-4634, miR-4450 is hsa-miR-4450, miR-4792 is hsa-miR-4792, miR-665 is hsa-miR-665, miR-7975 is hsa-miR-7975, miR-7109-5p is hsa-miR-7109-5p, miR-6789-5p is hsa-miR-6789-5p, miR-4497 is hsa-miR-4497, miR-6877-5p is hsa-miR-6877-5p, miR-6880-5p is hsa-miR-6880-5p, miR-7977 is hsa-miR-7977, miR-4734 is hsa-miR-4734, miR-6821-5p is hsa-miR-6821-5p, miR-8089 is hsa-miR-89, miR-5585-3p is hsa-miR-5585-3p, miR-6085 is hsa-miR-6085, miR-6845-5p is hsa-miR-6845-5p, miR-4651 is hsa-miR-4651, miR-4433-3p is hsa-miR-4433-3p, miR-1231 is hsa-miR-1231, miR-4665-5p is hsa-mi.R-4665-5p, miR-7114-5p is hsa-miR-7114-5p, miR-1238-5p is hsa-miR-1238-5p, miR-8069 is hsa-miR-8069, miR-4732-5p is hsa-miR-4732-5p, miR-619-5p is hsa-miR-619-5p, miR-3622a-5p is hsa-miR-3622a-5p, miR-1260a is hsa-miR-1260a, miR-6741-5p is hsa-miR-6741-5p, miR-6781-5p is hsa-miR-6781-5p, miR-6125 is hsa-miR-6125, miR-6805-5p is hsa-miR-6805-5p, miR-6132 is hsa-miR-6132, miR-6872-3p is hsa-miR-6872-3p, miR-6875-5p is hsa-miR-6875-5p, miR-1908-3p is hsa-miR-1908-3p, miR-4433b-3p is hsa-miR-4433b-3p, miR-4736 is hsa-miR-4736, miR-5100 is hsa-miR-5100, miR-6724-5p is hsa-miR-6724-5p, miR-7107-5p is hsa-miR-7107-5p, miR-6726-5p is hsa-miR-6726-5p, miR-3185 is hsa-miR-3185, miR-4638-5p is hsa-miR-4638-5p, miR-1273g-3p is hsa-miR-1273g-3p, miR-6778-5p is hsa-miR-6778-5p, miR-328-5p is hsa-miR-328-5p, miR-3679-3p is hsa-miR-3679-3p, miR-1228-3p is hsa-miR-1228-3p, miR-6779-5p is hsa-miR-6779-5p, miR-4723-5p is hsa-miR-4723-5p, miR-6850-5p is hsa-miR-6850-5p, miR-760 is hsa-miR-760, miR-7704 is hsa-miR-7704, miR-8072 is hsa-miR-8072, miR-4486 is hsa-miR-4486, miR-1913 is hsa-miR-1913, miR-4656 is hsa-miR-4656, miR-1260b is hsa-miR-1260b, miR-7106-5p is hsa-miR-7106-5p, miR-6889-5p is hsa-miR-6889-5p, miR-6780b-5p is hsa-miR-6780b-5p, miR-6090 is hsa-miR-6090, miR-4534 is hsa-miR-4534, miR-4449 is hsa-miR-4449, miR-5195-3p is hsa-miR-5195-3p, miR-1202 is hsa-miR-1202, miR-4467 is hsa-miR-4467, miR-6515-3p is hsa-miR-6515-3p, miR-4281 is hsa-miR-4281, miR-4505 is hsa-miR-4505, miR-4484 is hsa-miR-4484, miR-6805-3p is hsa-miR-6805-3p, miR-3135b is hsa-miR-3135b, miR-3162-5p is hsa-miR-3162-5p, miR-6768-5p is hsa-miR-6768-5p, miR-6721-5p is hsa-miR-6721-5p, miR-1227-5p is lisa-miR-1227-5p, miR-6722-3p is hsa-miR-6722-3p, miR-4286 is hsa-miR-4286, miR-4746-3p is hsa-miR-4746-3p, miR-6727-5p is hsa-miR-6727-5p, miR-6816-5p is hsa-miR-6816-5p, miR-4741 is hsa-miR-4741, miR-4508 is hsa-miR-4508, miR-940 is hsa-miR-940, miR-4327 is hsa-miR-4327, miR-4665-3p is hsa-miR-4665-3p, miR-718 is hsa-miR-718, miR-1203 is hsa-miR-1203, miR-663b is hsa-miR-663b, miR-4258 is hsa-miR-4258, miR-4649-5p is lisa-miR-4649-5p, miR-4516 is hsa-miR-4516, miR-3619-3p is hsa-miR-3619-3p, miR-6826-5p is hsa-miR-6826-5p, miR-6757-5p is hsa-miR-6757-5p, miR-3131 is hsa-miR-3131., miR-1343-3p is hsa-miR-1343-3p, miR-6775-5p is hsa-miR-6775-5p, miR-6813-5p is hsa-miR-6813-5p, and miR-3940-5p is hsa-miR-3940-5p.

In the method of the present invention, specifically, the nucleic acid(s) (specifically, probe(s) or primer(s)) is selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (a) to (e):

(a) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotid.e sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(b) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494;

(c) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(d) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(e) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (a) to (d).

The nucleic acid(s) further used in the method of the present invention can comprise a nucleic acid(s) capable of specifically binding to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from the following miRNM: miR-125a-3p, miR-204-3p, miR-1469, miR-575, miR-150-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-564, miR-3188, miR-1246, miR-602, miR-1290, miR-16-5p, miR-451a, miR-I87-5p, miR-1908-5p, miR-371a-5p, and miR-550a-5p

Specifically, miR-125a-3p is hsa-miR-125a-3p, miR-204-3p is hsa-miR-204-3p, miR-1469 is hsa-miR-1469, miR-575 is hsa-miR-575, miR-150-3p is hsa-miR-150-3p, miR-423-5p is hsa-miR-423-5p, miR-564 is hsa-miR-564, mi.R-3188 is hsa-miR-3188, miR-1246 is hsa-miR-1246, miR-602 is hsa-miR-602, miR-1290 is hsa-miR-1290, miR-16-5p is hsa-miR-16-5p, miR-451a is hsa-miR-451a, miR-24-3p is hsa-miR-24-3p, miR-187-5p is hsa-miR-187-5p, miR-1908-5p is hsa-miR-1908-5p, miR-371a-5p is hsa-miR-371a-5p, and miR-550a-5p is hsa-miR-550a-5p.

Specifically, the nucleic acid(s) is further selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (f) to (j):

(f) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(g) a polynucleotide comprisimg a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122;

(h) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(i) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(j) a polynucleotide hybridizimg under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (1) to (i).

The nucleic acid(s) further used can comprise a nucleic acid capable of specifically binding to at least one or more polynucleotides selected from the following miRNAs: miR-4417, miR-4707-5p, miR-7847-3p, miR-2861, miR-4513, miR-7111-5p, miR-6777-5p, miR-7113-3p, miR-4648, miR-3184-5p, miR-4271, miR-6791-5p, miR-642a-3p, miR-7108-5p, miR-128-1-5p, miR-5196-5p, miR-3178, miR-3656, miR-92a-2-5p, miR-6769b-5p, miR-4689, miR-6076, miR-92b-5p, miR-6774-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-6806-5p, miR-6842-5p, miR-6716-5p, miR-557, miR-4673, miR-4674, ma-4442, miR-1915-3p, miR-4687-3p, and miR-92h-3p. 105281

Specifically, miR-4417 is hsa-miR-4417, miR-4707-5p is hsa-miR-4707-5p, miR-7847-3p is hsa-miR-7847-3p, miR-2861 is hsa-miR-2861, miR-4513 is hsa-miR-4513, miR-7111-5p is hsa-ma-7111-5p, ma-6777-5p is hsa-miR-6777-5p, ma-7113-3p is hsa-miR-7113-3p, miR-4648 is hsa-miR-4648, miR-3184-5p is hsa-miR-3184-5p, miR-4271 is hsa-miR-4271, miR-6791-5p is hsa-miR-6791-5p, ma-642a-3p is hsa-miR-642a-3p, miR-7108-5p is hsa-miR-7108-5p, miR-128-1-5p is hsa-miR-128-1-5p, miR-5196-5p is .hsa-miR-5196-5p, miR-3178 is hsa-miR-3178, miR-3656 is hsa-miR-3656, miR-92a-2-5p is hsa-miR-92a-2-5p, ma-67696-5p is hsa-miR-6769b-5p, miR-4689 is hsa-miR-4689, miR-6076 is hsa-miR-6076, miR-92h-5p is hsa-miR-92h-5p, miR-6774-5p is hsa-miR-6774-5p, miR-486-3p is hsa-miR-486-3p, miR-6806-5p is hsa-miR-6806-5p, miR-6842-5p is hsa-miR-6842-5p, miR-6716-5p is .hsa-miR-6716-5p, miR-557 is hsa-miR-557, ma-4673 is hsa-ma-4673, miR-4674 is hsa-miR-4674, miR-4442 is hsa-miR-4442, miR-1915-3p is hsa-miR-1915-3p, miR-4687-3p is hsa-miR-4687-3p, and miR-92b-3p is hsa-miR-92b-3p.

Specifically, the nucleic acid(s) further used is a polynucleotide(s) selected from the group consisting of the following polynucleotides (k) to (o):

(k) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(l) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383;

(m) a polynucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, a variant thereof, a derivative thereof, or a fragment thereof comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides;

(n) a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t; and

(o) a polynucleotide hybridizing under stringent conditions to any of the polynucleotides (k) to (n)

Examples of the sample used in the method of the present invention can include samples prepared from living tissues (preferably pancreatic tissues) or body fluids such as blood, serum, plasma, and urine from subjects. Specifically, for example, an RNA-containing sample prepared from the tissue, a polynucleotide-containing sample further prepared therefrom, a body fluid such as blood, serum, plasma, or urine, a portion or the whole of a living tissue collected from the subject by biopsy or the like, or a living tissue excised by surgery can be used, and the sample for measurement can be prepared therefrom.

As used herein, the subject refers to a mammal, for example, a primate such as a human or a monkey, a rodent such as a mouse or a rat, a pet animal such as a dog or a cat, and an athletic animal such as a horse without any limitation, and is preferably a human.

The steps of the method of the present invention can be changed according to the type of the sample to be assayed.

In the case of using RNA as an analyte, the detection of pancreatic cancer can comprise, for example, the following steps (a), (b), and (c):

(a) a step of binding RNA prepared from a sample from a subject or complementary polynucleotides (cDNAs) transcribed from the RNA to a polynucleotide(s) in the kit or the device of the present invention;

(b) a step of measuring the sample-derived RNA or the cDNAs synthesized from the RNA, which is/are bound to the polynucleotide(s), by hybridization using the polynucleotide(s) as a nucleic acid probe(s) or by quantitative RT-PCR using the polynucleotide(s) as a primer(s); and

(c) a step of evaluating the presence or absence of pancreatic cancer (or pancreatic cancer-derived gene expression) on the basis of the measurement results of the step (b).

For example, various hybridization methods can be used for detecting, examining, evaluating, or diagnosing pancreatic cancer (or pancreatic cancer-derived gene expression) in vitro according to the present invention. For example, Northern blot, Southern blot, RT-PCR, DNA chip analysis, in situ hybridization, Northern hybridization, or Southern hybridization can be used as such a hybridization method.

In the case of using the Northern blot, the presence or absence of expression of each gene or the expression level thereof in the RNA can be detected or measured by use of the nucleic acid probe(s) that can be used in the present invention. Specific examples thereof can include a method which comprises labeling the nucleic acid probe (or a complementary strand) with a radioisotope (³²P, ³³P, ³⁵S, etc.), a fluorescent material, or the like, hybridizing the labeled product with the tissue-derived RNA from a subject, which is transferred to a nylon membrane or the like according to a routine method, and then detecting and measuring a signal derived from the label (radioisotope or fluorescent material) on the formed. DNA/RNA duplex using a radiation detector (examples thereof can include BAS-1800 II (Fujifilm Corp., Japan)) or a fluorescence detector (examples thereof can include STORM 865 (GE Healthcare Japan Corp.)).

In the case of using the quantitative RT-PCR, the presence or absence of expression of each gene or the expression level thereof in the RNA can be detected or measured by use of the primer that can be used in the present invention. Specific examples thereof can include a method which comprises preparing cDNAs from the tissue-derived RNA of a subject according to a routine method, hybridizing a pair of primers (consisting of a plus strand and a reverse strand binding to the cDNA) prepared from the composition for detection of the present invention with the cDNA such that the region of each target gene can be amplified with the cDNA as a template, and performing PCR. according to a routine method to detect the obtained double-stranded DNA. The method for detecting the double-stranded DNA can include a method of performing the PCR using the primers labeled in advance with a radioisotope or a fluorescent material, a method of electrophoresing the PCR product on an agarose gel and staining the double-stranded DNA with ethidium bromide or the like for detection, and a method of transferring the produced double-stranded DNA to a nylon membrane or the like according to a routine method and hybridizing the double-stranded DNA to a labeled nucleic acid probe for detection.

In the case of using the nucleic acid array analysis, an RNA chip or a DNA chip in which the composition for detection of the present invention is attached as nucleic acid probes (single-stranded or double-stranded) to a substrate (solid phase) is used. Regions having the attached nucleic acid probes are referred to as probe spots, and regions having no attached nucleic acid probe are referred to as blank spots. A group of genes immobilized on a solid-phase substrate is generally called a nucleic acid chip, a nucleic acid array, a microarray, or the like. The DNA or RNA array includes a DNA or RNA macroarrav and a DNA or RNA microarray. In the present specification, the term “chip” includes these arrays. 3D-Gene™ Human miRNA Oligo chip (foray Industries, Inc.) can be used as the DNA chip, though the DNA chip is not limited thereto.

Examples of the measurement using the DNA chip can include, but are not limited to, a method of detecting and measuring a signal derived from the label on the composition for detection using an image detector (examples thereof can include Typhoon 9410 (GE Healthcare) and 3D-Gene™ scanner (Toray Industries, Inc.)).

The “stringent conditions” used herein are, as mentioned above, conditions under which a nucleic acid probe hybridizes to its target sequence to a detectably larger extent (e.g., a measurement value equal to or larger than “(a mean of background measurement values)+(a standard deviation of the background measurement values)×2”) than that for other sequences,

The stringent conditions are defined by hybridization and subsequent washing. Examples of the hybridization conditions include, but not limited to, 30° C. to 60° C. for Ito 24 hours in a solution containing SSC, a surfactant, formamide, dextran sulfate, a blocking agent(s), etc. In this context, 1×SSC is an aqueous solution (pH 7.0) containing 150 mM sodium chloride and 15 mM sodium citrate. The surfactant includes, for example, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), Triton, or Tween. The hybridization conditions more preferably comprise 3-10×SSC and 0.1-1% SDS. Examples of the conditions for the washing, following the hybridization, which is another condition to define the stringent conditions, can include conditions comprising continuous washing at 30° C. in a solution containing 0.5×SSC and 0.1% SDS, at 30° C. in a solution containing 0.2×SSC and 0.1% SDS, and at 30° C. in a 0.05×SSC solution. It is desirable that the complementary strand should maintain its hybridized state with a target plus strand even by washing under such conditions. Specifically, examples of such a complementary strand can include a strand consisting of a nucleotide sequence in a completely complementary relationship with the nucleotide sequence of the target plus (+) strand, and a strand consisting of a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90% or at least 95%, for example, at least 98% or at least 99% identity to the strand.

Other examples of the “stringent conditions” for the hybridization are described in, for example, Sambrook, J. & Russel, D., Molecular Cloning, A LABORATORY MANUAL, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, published on January 15, 2001, Vol. 1, 7.42 to 7.45 and Vol. 2. 8.9 to 8.17, and can be used in the present invention.

Examples of the conditions for carrying out PCR using polynucleotide fragments in the kit of the present invention as primers include treatment for approximately 15 seconds to 1 minute at 5 to 10° C. plus a Tm value calculated from the sequences of the primers, using a PCR buffer having composition such as 10 mM Tris-HCL (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCL, and 1 to 2 mM MgCl₂. Examples of the method for calculating such a Tm value include Tm value=2×(the number of adenine residues+the number of thymine residues)+4×(the number of guanine residues+the number of cytosine residues).

In the case of using the quantitative RT-PCR, a commercially available kit for measurement specially designed for quantitatively measuring miRNA, such as TaqMan™ MicroRNA Assays (Life Technologies Corp.), LNA™-based MicroRNA PCR (Exiqon), or Ncode™ miRNA qRT-PCT kit (Invitrogen Corp.) may be used.

For the calculation of gene expression levels, statistical treatment described in, for example, Statistical analysis of gene expression microarray data (Speed T., Chapman and Hall/CRC), and A beginner's guide Microarray gene expression data analysis (Causton H. C. et al., Blackwell publishing) can be used in the present invention, though the calculation method is not limited thereto. For example, twice, preferably 3 times, more preferably 6 times the standard deviation of the measurement values of the blank spots are added to the average measurement value of the blank spots on the DNA chip, and probe spots having a signal value equal to or larger than the resulting value can be regarded as detection spots. Alternatively, the average measurement value of the blank spots is regarded as a background and can be subtracted from the measurement values of the probe spots to determine gene expression levels. A missing value for a gene expression level can be excluded from the analyte, preferably replaced with the smallest value of the gene expression level in each DNA chip, or more preferably replaced with a value obtained by subtracting 0.1 from a logarithmic value of the smallest value of the gene expression level. In order to eliminate low-signal genes, only a gene having a gene expression level of 2⁶, preferably 2⁸, more preferably 2¹⁰ or larger in 20% or more, preferably 50%, more preferably 80% or more of the number of measurement samples can be selected as the analyte. Examples of the normalization of the gene expression level include, but are not limited to, global normalization and quantile normalization (Bolstad, B. M. et al., 2003, Bioinfortnatics, Vol. 19, p. 185-193).

The present invention also provides a method comprising measuring target genes or gene expression levels in a sample from a subject using the polynucleotides, the kit, or the device (e.g., chip) for diagnosis of the present invention, or a combination thereof, preparing a discriminant (discriminant function) with gene expression levels in a sample from a pancreatic cancer patient and a sample from a healthy subject as supervising samples, and determining or evaluating the presence and/or absence of the pancreatic cancer-derived genes in the sample.

Specifically, the present invention further provides the method comprising: a first step of measuring in vitro expression levels of target genes in a plurality of samples known to determine or evaluate the presence and/or absence of the pancreatic cancer-derived genes in the samples, using the polynucleotides, the kit, or the device (e.g., chip) for diagnosis of the present invention, or a combination thereof; a second step of preparing a discriminant with the measurement values of the expression levels of the target genes obtained in the first step as supervising samples; a third step of measuring in vitro expression levels of the target genes in a sample derived from a subject in the same way as in the first step; and a fourth step of assigning the measurement values of the expression levels of the target genes obtained in the third step to the discriminant obtained in the second step, and determining or evaluating the presence and/or absence of the pancreatic cancer-derived genes in the sample on the basis of the results obtained from the discriminant, wherein the target genes can be detected using the polynucleotides or using polynucleotides, variants thereof, or fragments thereof contained in the kit or the device (e.g., chip). In this context, the discriminant can be prepared by use of Fisher's discriminant analysis, nonlinear discriminant analysis based on Mahalanobis' distance, neural network, Support Vector Machine TM or the like, though the method is not limited thereto.

When a clustering boundary is a straight line or a hyperplane, the linear discriminant analysis is a method for determining the belonging of a cluster using Formula 1 as a discriminant. In Formula 1, x represents an explanatory variable, w represents a coefficient of the explanatory variable, and w₀ represents a constant term.

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Values obtained from the discriminant are referred to as discriminant scores. The measurement values of a newly offered data set can be assigned as explanatory variables to the discriminant to determine clusters by the signs of the discriminant scores.

The Fisher's discriminant analysis, one type of linear discriminant analysis, is a dimensionality reduction method for selecting a dimension suitable for discriminating classes, and constructs a highly discriminating synthetic variable by focusing on the variance of the synthetic variables and minimizing the variance of data having the same label (Venables, W. N. et al., Modem Applied Statistics with S. Fourth edition. Springer, 2002). In the Fisher's discriminant analysis, direction w of projection is determined so as to maximize Formula 2. In this formula, μ, represents an average input, ng represents the number of data belonging to class g, and pg represents an average input of the data belonging to class g. The numerator and the denominator are the interclass variance and the intraclass variance, respectively, when each data is projected in the direction of the vector w. Discriminant coefficient w; is determined by maximizing this ratio (Takafumi Kariamori et al., “Pattern Recognition”, Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (2009); and Richard O. et al., Pattern Classification Second Edition., Wiley-Interscience, 2000).

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The Mahalanobis' distance is calculated according to Formula 3 in consideration of data correlation and can be used as nonlinear discriminant analysis for determining a cluster in which a data point belongs to, based on a short Mahalanobis' distance from the data point to that cluster. In Formula 3, μ represents a central vector of each cluster, and S⁻¹ represents an inverse matrix of the variance-covariance matrix of the cluster. The central vector is calculated from explanatory variable x, and an average vector, a median value vector, or the like can be used.

D(x,μ)={(x−μ)^tS⁻¹(x−μ)}¹²   Formula 3

SVM is a discriminant analysis method devised by V. Vapnik (The Nature of Statistical Leaning Theory, Springer, 1995). Particular data points of a data set having known classes are defined as explanatory variables, and classes are defined as objective variables. A boundary plane called hyperplane for correctly classifying the data set into the known classes is determined, and a discriminant for data classification is determined using the boundary plane. Then, the measurement values of a newly offered data set can be assigned as explanatory variables to the discriminant to determine classes. In this respect, the result of the discriminant analysis may be classes, may be a probability of being classified into correct classes, or may be the distance from the hyperplane, In SVM, a method of nonlinearly converting a feature vector to a high dimension and performing linear discriminant analysis in the space is known as a method for tackling nonlinear problems. An expression in which an inner product of two factors in a nonlinearly mapped space is expressed only by inputs in their original spaces is called kernel. Examples of the kernel can include a linear kernel, a RBF (Radial Basis Function) kernel, and a Gaussian kernel. While highly dimensional mapping is performed according to the kernel, the optimum discriminant, i.,e., a discriminant, can be actually constructed by mere calculation according to the kernel, which avoids calculating features in the mapped space (e.g., Hideki Aso et al., Frontier of Statistical Science 6 “Statistics of pattern recognition and learning—New concepts and approaches”, Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, Tokyo. Japan (2004); Nello Cristianini et al., Introduction to SVM, Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan (2008)).

C-support vector classification (C-SVC), one type of SVM, comprises preparing a hyperplane by supervising a data set with the explanatory variables of two groups and classifying an unknown data set into either of the groups (C. Cortes et al., 1995, Machine Learning, Vol. 20, p. 273-297).

Exemplary calculation of the C-SVC discriminant that can be used in the method of the present invention will be given below. First, all subjects are divided into two groups, i.e., a pancreatic cancer patient group and a healthy subject group. For example, pancreatic tissue examination can be used for a reference under which each subject is confirmed either as a pancreatic cancer patient or as a healthy subject.

Next, a data set consisting of comprehensive gene expression levels of serum-derived samples of the two divided groups (hereinafter, this data set is referred to as a training cohort) is prepared, and a C-SVC discriminant is determined by using genes found to differ clearly in their gene expression levels between the two groups as explanatory variables and this grouping as objective variables (e.g., −1 and +1). An optimizing objective function is represented by Formula 4 wherein e represents all input vectors, v represents an objective variable, a represents a Lagrange's undetermined multiplier vector, Q represents a positive definite matrix, and C represents a parameter for adjusting constrained conditions.

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For example, a RBF kernel defined by Formula 6 can be used as the kernel function. In this formula x represents a support vector, and y represents a kernel parameter for adjusting the complexity of the hyperplane.

K(x_i, x_j)=exp(−r∥x_i−x_j∥²), <0   Formula 6

In addition, an approach such as neural network, k-nearest neighbor algorithms, decision trees, or logistic regression analysis can be selected as a method for determining or evaluating the presence and/or absence of expression of a pancreatic cancer-derived target genets) in a sample derived from a subject, or for evaluating the expression level thereof by comparison with a control derived from a healthy subject.

The method of the present invention can comprise, for example, the following steps (a), (b), and (c):

(a) a step of measuring an expression level(s) of a target gene(s) in tissues containing pancreatic cancer-derived genes derived from pancreatic cancer patients andlor samples already known to be tissues containing no pancreatic cancer-derived gene(s) derived from healthy subjects, using the polynucleotide(s), the kit, or the device (e.g., DNA chip) for detection according to the present invention;

(b) a step of preparing the discriminants of Formulas 1 to 3, 5, and 6 described above from the measurement values of the expression level measured in the step (a); and

(c) a step of measuring an expression level(s) of the target gene(s) in a sample derived from a subject using the polynucleotide(s), the kit, or the device (e.g., DNA chip) for diagnosis (detection) according to the present invention, assigning the obtained measurement value(s) to the discriminants prepared in the step (b), and determining or evaluating the presence and/or absence of expression of the pancreatic cancer-derived target genes in the sample, or evaluating the expression levels thereof by comparison with a healthy subject-derived control, on the basis of the obtained results.

In this context, in the discriminants of Formulas 1 to 3, 5, and 6, x represents an explanatory variable and includes a value obtained by measuring a polynucleotide(s) selected from the polynucleotides described in Section 2 above, or any fragment thereof Specifically, the explanatory variable for discriminating a pancreatic cancer patient from a healthy subject according to the present invention is a gene expression levels) selected from, for example, the following expression levels (1) to (3):

(1) a gene expression level(s) in the serum of a pancreatic cancer patient or a healthy subject measured by any RNA or DNA comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a complementary sequence thereof, or nucleotides derived from the nucleotides by the replacement of u with t;

(2) a gene expression level(s) in the serum of a pancreatic cancer patient or a healthy subject measured by any RNA or DNA comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a complementary sequence thereof, or nucleotides derived from the nucleotides by the replacement of u with t; and

(3) a gene expression level(s) in the serum of a pancreatic cancer patient or a healthy subject measured by any RNA or DNA comprising 15 or more consecutive nucleotides in a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a complementary sequence thereof, or nucleotides derived from the nucleotides by the replacement of u with t.

As described above, for the method for determining or evaluating the presence and/or absence of a pancreatic cancer-derived gene(s) in a sample derived from a subject, the preparation of a discriminant requires a discriminant prepared from a training cohort. For enhancing the accuracy of the discriminant, it is necessary to use genes having clear difference between two groups in the training cohort when preparing the discriminant

Each gene that is used for an explanatory variable in a discriminant is preferably determined as follows. First, comprehensive gene expression levels of a pancreatic cancer patient group and comprehensive gene expression levels of a healthy subject group, both of which are in a training cohort, are used as a data set, the degree of difference in the expression level of each gene between the two groups is determined through the use of, for example, the P value of t test, which is parametric analysis, or the P value of Mann-Whitney's U test or Wilcoxon test, which is nonparametric analysis.

The gene can be regarded as being statistically significant when the critical rate (significance level) as the P value obtained by the test is smaller than, for example, 5%, 1%, or 0.01%.

In order to correct an increased probability of type I error attributed to the repetition of a test, a method known in the art, for example, Bonferroni or Holm method, can be used for the correction (e.g., Yasushi Nagata et al., “Basics of statistical multiple comparison methods”, Scientist Press Co., Ltd. (2007)), As an example of the Bonferroni correction, for example, the P value obtained by a test is multiplied by the number of repetitions of the test, i.e., the number of genes used in the analysis, and the obtained value can be compared with a desired significance level to suppress a probability of causing type I error in the whole test.

Instead of the test, the absolute value (fold change) of an expression ratio of a median value of each gene expression level between gene expression levels of a pancreatic cancer patient group and gene expression levels of a healthy stibject Effoup may be calculated to select a gene that is used for an explanatory variable in a discriminant. Alternatively, ROC curves may be prepared using gene expression levels of a pancreatic cancer patient group and a healthy subject group, and a gene that is used for an explanatory variable in a discriminant can be selected on the basis of an AUROC value.

Next, a discriminant that can be calculated by various methods described above is prepared using any number of genes having large difference in their gene expression levels determined here. Examples of the method for constructing a discriminant that produces the largest discrimination accuracy include a method of constructing a discriminant in every combination of genes that satisfy the significance level being P value, and a method of repetitively evaluating the genes for use in the preparation of a discriminant while increasing the number of genes one by one in a descending order of difference in gene expression level (Furey T S, et al., 2000, Bioinformatics., Vol. 16, p. 906-14). A gene expression level of another independent pancreatic cancer patient or healthy subject is assigned as an explanatory variable to this discriminant to calculate discrimination results of the group to which this independent pancreatic cancer patient or healthy subject belongs. Specifically, the found gene set for diagnosis and the discriminant constructed using the gene set for diagnosis can be evaluated in an independent sample cohort to find a more universal gene set for diagnosis capable of detecting pancreatic cancer and a more universal method for discriminating pancreatic cancer.

Split-sample method is preferably used for evaluating the performance (generality) of the discriminant. Specifically, a data set is divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort, and gene selection by a statistical test and discriminant preparation are performed using the training cohort. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are calculated using a result of discriminating a validation cohort according to the discriminant, and a true group to which the validation cohort belongs, to evaluate the performance of the discriminant. On the other hand, instead of dividing a data set, the gene selection by a statistical test and discriminant preparation may be performed using all of samples, and accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity can be calculated by the discriminat anaylsis using a newly prepared sample cohort for evaluation of the performance of the discriminant.

The present invention provides polynucleotides for disease diagnosis useful in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, a method for detecting pancreatic cancer using the polynucleotide(s), and a kit and a device for the detection of pancreatic cancer, comprising the polynucleotide(s). Particularly, in order to select a gene(s) for diagnosis and prepare a discriminant so as to exhibit accuracy beyond the pancreatic cancer diagnosis methods using the existing tumor markers CEA and CA19-9, a gene set for diagnosis and a discriminant for the method of the present invention can be constructed, which exhibit accuracy beyond CEA and CA19-9, for example, by comparing expressed genes in serum from a patient confirmed to be negative using CEA and CA19-9 but finally found to have pancreatic cancer by detailed examination such as computed tomography using a contrast medium, with genes expressed in serum from a patient having no pancreatic cancer.

For example, the gene set for diagnosis is set to any combination selected from one or two or more of the polynucleotides based on a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ NOs: I to 104, 464 to 473, and 492 to 494 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, or a complementary sequence thereof as described above; and optionally one or two or more of the polynucleotides based on a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 105 to 122 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, or a complementary sequence thereof; and optionally one or two or more of the polynucleotides based on a nucleotide sequence represented by any of SEQ ID NOs: 349 to 383 or a nucleotide sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence by the replacement of u with t, or a complementary sequence thereof. Further, a discriminant is constructed using expression levels of the gene set for diagnosis in samples from class I pancreatic cancer patients as a result of tissue diagnosis and samples from class Il healthy subjects as a result of tissue diagnosis. As a result, the presence or absence of pancreatic cancer-derived genes in an unknown sample can be determined with 100% accuracy at the maximum by measuring expression levels of the gene set for diagnosis in an unknown sample.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described further specifically with reference to Examples below. However, the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited by these Examples.

Reference Example 1