Pipe freezer

申请号 US09562751 申请日 2000-05-02 公开(公告)号 US06286329B1 公开(公告)日 2001-09-11
申请人 Arthur Radichio; 发明人 Arthur Radichio;
摘要 A pipe freezing apparatus comprises a multi-cavity adapter and an evaporator adapted to be fitted therein. The present invention uses a multi-cavity adapter having from two to eight cavities to fit standard plumbing pipes in copper, steel and plastic, metric and US standard. The refrigeration evaporator fits into a cylindrical bore in the core of the radial multi-cavity array. The cavities are arrayed around the circumference of the bore. The adapter body that forms the array is of aluminum or the like. The coolant lines are elbowed at 90 degrees to the evaporator's longitudinal axis to facilitate attachment to the pipe in small or tight spaces and from the side of the pipe. The adapter body freely swivels around the evaporator thus reducing wear on the refrigeration tubes as the adapters are mounted on the section of pipe to be frozen. Thus any of the cavities can be lined up with the pipe. A set of special retainer mechanisms is used to tightly secure the adapter bodies to the section of pipe to be frozen, thus providing for close thermal contact. In use, the adapters are mounted on the pipe and secured. Then the cartridge evaporator is plug into the adapter. Then circulation of refrigerant flow is begun to cause an ice plug to form in the section of pipe to be frozen so that the pipe downstream of the freeze plug can be repaired. Preferably two units, a unit on either side of the pipe, are strapped in place to fully surround the pipe. Two different models are provided. The first uses a non-expendable refrigerant. The second model which uses an expendable refrigerant vents used refrigerant to the atmosphere.
权利要求

What is claimed is:1. A multi-cavity adapter for a pipe freezer, said adapter comprising an adapter body, said adapter body being an elongated piece of thermally conductive material having a predetermined length, said adapter body comprising:(a) a first end face;(b) a second face;(c) a bore passing through said adapter body, said bore serving as a cartridge evaporator receiving port for the reception of a cartridge evaporator therein, said bore having a predetermined diameter, said bore having an inner surface, said bore extending from the first end face to the second end face of said adapter body;(d) an outer surface having a plurality of concave pipe receiving surfaces, each concave pipe receiving surface having a specific distinct radius of curvature, whereby pipes with different outside diameters can be accommodated, the intersection of each said pipe receiving surface and said outer surface defining a first corner edge and a second corner edge of each said pipe receiving surface, the intersection of each corner edge with said first end face defining a corner point of said first end face, the intersection of each corner edge with said second end face defining a corner point of said second end face; and(e) a first locking channel and a second locking channel situated near the corner points of each pipe receiving surface, said locking channels passing through said adapter body, said locking channels extending from the first end face to the second end face of said adapter body, said first locking channel having a first channel opening in the first end face and a second channel opening in the second end face, said second locking channel having a first channel opening in the first end face and a second channel opening in the second end face.2. The multi-cavity adapter of claim 1 wherein the concave pipe-receiving surfaces have arcs of approximately 180°.3. The multi-cavity adapter of claim 2, further comprising a bushing adapter having an outer surface and an inner surface, the outer surface being convex and complimentary to one of the concave pipe receiving surfaces of the adapter and the inner surface being concave and having a specific distinct radius different from those of the adapter and adapted to receive a pipe.4. The multi-cavity adapter of claim 1, further comprising a fastening mechanism for securing the adapter to the pipe.5. The multi-cavity adapter of claim 1, wherein the bore is a central bore.6. The multi-cavity adapter of claim 4, further comprising a second adapter body, which is substantially a mirror image of the first adapter body, whereby when a hollow concavity of the first adapter body is aligned, caused to face, and brought into contact with the hollow concavity of the second adapter body which has the same radius of curvature as the aligned hollow concavity of the first adapter body, a cylindrical channel is formed for the reception of a pipe to be frozen.7. The multi-cavity adapter of claim 6, wherein said fastening mechanism comprises:(a) a first retainer mechanism having a first prong and a second prong, said first prong being adapted to be received into a channel opening of the first adapter body, and said second prong being adapted to be received into a channel opening of the second adapter body, so that when the first and second adapter bodies are aligned such that a pipe receiving surface of the first adapter body is facing the pipe receiving surface of the second adapter body which has the same radius of curvature as the pipe receiving surface of the first adapter body, the first and second adapter bodies can be hingedly fastened together by the first retainer mechanism, such that the first and second adapter bodies can be draped around the section of pipe which is to be frozen; and(b) a second retainer mechanism having a first prong and a second prong, said first prong being adapted to be received into a channel opening of the first adapter body, and said second prong being adapted to be received into a channel opening of the second adapter body, so that the first and second adapter bodies can be fastened together, such that the first and second adapter bodies can tightly encompass and secure the section of pipe which is to be frozen.8. The multi-cavity adapter of claim 7, wherein:(a) said prongs of said retainer mechanisms are threaded at the ends thereof; and(b) said first retainer mechanism further comprises nuts for threading onto the ends of said threaded prongs for securing the first retainer mechanism in the locking channels.9. The multi-cavity adapter of claim 6, wherein said fastening mechanism comprises:(a) a first retainer mechanism comprising:(i) a first locking pin having a first end and a second end, said first end having an offset golf club-like head having a nonthreaded hole of first predetermined diameter therein, said second end being threaded;(ii) a second locking pin having a first end and a second end, said first end having an offset golf club-like head having a threaded hole of second predetermined diameter therein, said second predetermined diameter being smaller than said first predetermined diameter, said second end of said second locking pin being threaded;(iii) a straight pin of said second predetermined diameter, said straight pin having a first end with an Allen head with a diameter larger than said first predetermined diameter, and a second end which is threaded, said straight pin being adapted to be inserted into the nonthreaded hole of the offset golf club like head of first locking pin, pushed through that hole until it engages the threaded hole of said offset golf club like head of said second locking pin, and screwed into said threaded hole of said second locking pin; and(iv) nuts for the second end of each locking pin for securing the first retainer mechanism in the locking channels,wherein said first locking pin is adapted to be received into a channel opening of the first adapter body, and said second locking pin is adapted to be received into a channel opening of the second adapter body, so that when the first and second adapter bodies are aligned such that a pipe receiving surface of the first adapter body is facing the pipe receiving surface of the second adapter body which has the same radius of curvature as the pipe receiving surface of the first adapter body, the first and second adapter bodies can be hingedly fastened together by the first retainer mechanism, such that the first and second adapter bodies can be draped around the section of pipe which is to be frozen;(b) a second retainer mechanism comprising:(i) a first locking pin having a first end and a second end, said first end having an offset golf club like head having a nonthreaded hole of said first predetermined diameter therein;(ii) a second locking pin having a first end and a second end, said first end having an offset golf club like head having a threaded hole of said second predetermined diameter therein, said second predetermined diameter being smaller than said first predetermined diameter; and(iii) a straight pin of said second predetermined diameter, said straight pin having a first end with an Allen head with a diameter larger than said first pre-determined diameter, and a second end which is threaded, said straight pin being adapted to be inserted into the nonthreaded hole of the offset golf club like head of first locking pin, pushed through that hole until it engages the threaded hole of said golf club like head of said second locking pin, and screwed into said threaded hole of said second locking pin;wherein said first locking pin is adapted to be received into a channel opening of the first adapter body, and said second locking pin is adapted to be received into a channel opening of the second adapter body, so that the first and second adapter bodies can be fastened together, such that the first and second adapter bodies can tightly encompass and secure the section of pipe which is to be frozen.10. The multi-cavity adapter of claim 9, wherein a spring under tension is mounted on the straight pin of each retainer mechanism, said spring serving to push apart and hold the first and second locking pins in substantially parallel alignment to one another, whereby said pins can be inserted simultaneously into said locking channels.11. An apparatus for freezing the contents of a section of pipe using a refrigerant, the apparatus comprising:(a) a refrigeration unit comprising:(i) a compressor for compressing the refrigerant from a low pressure to a high pressure;(ii) a condenser downstream of the compressor for condensing the refrigerant from a high temperature gas to a lower temperature liquid;(b) the multi-cavity adapter of claim 7, draped around the section of pipe which is to be frozen,(c) a cartridge evaporator having a predetermined length and a predetermined outside diameter, said evaporator comprising:(i) an outer surface, a first end having a surface, and a second end having a surface;(ii) an inner chamber;(iii) a bore extending from the first end surface to the inner chamber;(iv) a metering tube extending into the bore and protruding into the inner chamber of the evaporator for moving a refrigerant into the inner chamber of the evaporator at a predetermined rate; and(v) a return tube extending out of the bore for moving evaporated refrigerant out of the inner chamber of the evaporator;said cartridge evaporator being inserted into a cartridge receiving port of said multi-cavity adapter, and wherein:(i) the metering tube extends between the con-denser of the refrigeration unit and the evaporator for moving the refrigerant to the evaporator; and(ii) the return tube extends between the evaporator and the compressor of the refrigeration unit for moving refrigerant from the evaporator to the compressor.12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the first end surface of the cartridge evaporator comprises a cap which is fitted over the first end of the cartridge evaporator, said cap having a side wall which extends along the outer surface of the evaporator for at least a portion of the length of the outer surface, said cap having a first end which is closed, and a second end having a face with a sufficiently large bore therein for the second end to fit over the first end of the evaporator, said face having an outside diameter which is greater than the diameter of the bore serving as the cartridge evaporator receiving port, whereby when said second end of said evaporator is inserted into the bore at one end of said adapter and pushed along said bore, said face of said cap eventually comes to rest against the end face of that adapter.13. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said metering tube extends into the evaporator, a distance which is three quarters of the length of the evaporator.14. An apparatus for freezing the contents of a section of pipe using an expendable refrigerant, the apparatus comprising:(a) a tank having an adequate amount of liquid refrigerant to freeze the contents of the section of pipe;(b) the multi-cavity adapter of claim 7, draped around the section of pipe which is to be frozen;(c) a cartridge evaporator having a predetermined length and a predetermined outside diameter, said evaporator comprising:(i) an outer surface, a first end having a surface, and a second end having a surface;(ii) an inner chamber;(iii) a bore extending from the first end surface to the inner chamber;(iv) a metering tube extending into the bore and protruding into the inner chamber of the evaporator for moving a refrigerant into the inner chamber of the evaporator at a predetermined rate; and(v) a return tube extending out of the bore for moving evaporated refrigerant out of the inner chamber of the evaporator; and(vi) an original protective tube encircling the metering tube for at least a portion of the length of the metering tube;said cartridge evaporator being inserted into a cartridge receiving port of said multi-cavity adapter, and wherein(i) the metering tube has a first end and a second end, and said metering tube extends between the tank and the evaporator for receiving refrigerant at its first end from the tank and for moving the refrigerant out of its second end into the evaporator at a predetermined rate; and(ii) the return tube is a discharge vent and evaporated refrigerant is expelled to the atmosphere through said discharge vent.15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the first end surface of the cartridge evaporator comprises a cap which is fitted over the first end of the cartridge evaporator, said cap having a side wall which extends along the outer surface of the evaporator for at least a portion of the length of the outer surface, said cap having a first end which is closed, and a second end having a face with a sufficiently large bore therein for the second end to fit over the first end of the evaporator, said face having an outside diameter which is greater than the diameter of the bore serving as the cartridge evaporator receiving port, whereby when said second end of said evaporator is inserted into the bore at one end of said adapter and pushed along said bore, said face of said cap eventually comes to rest against the end face of that adapter.16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said metering tube extends into the evaporator, a distance which is three quarters of the length of the evaporator.17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said discharge vent extends to a safe discharge area.18. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a second cartridge evaporator, and wherein:(a) a cartridge evaporator is inserted into each of the two cartridge receiving ports of said multi-cavity adapter;(b) the metering tube has a first end and a second end, and said metering tube extends outward from the tank for receiving refrigerant at its first end from the tank and for moving the refrigerant out of its second end at a predetermined rate; and(c) the discharge vents extending from the bore of each evaporator are for moving evaporated refrigerant from the inner chamber of each evaporator to a safe environment;and the apparatus further comprises:(a) a tee situated between the second end of the metering tube and the evaporator, said tee having an input port and two output ports, said tee receiving refrigerant from the second end of said metering tube through the tee's input port and supplying refrigerant out of each of its two output ports;(b) an additional metering tube situated between each of the two output ports of the tee and each of the two evaporators for receiving refrigerant from each of the two output ports of the tee and supplying this refrigerant to each of the two evaporators; and(c) an additional protective tube extending from the second evaporator, wherein both the original protective tube and the additional protective tube encircle each of said two additional metering tubes for at least a portion of the length of each additional metering tube.19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the metering tube is a capillary tube.20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the metering tube and the two additional metering tubes are capillary tubes.21. A method of freezing the contents of a pipe having an outside diameter, said method comprising the following steps:(a) providing a refrigeration system having a compressor, a condenser, a cartridge evaporator, and the multi-cavity adapter of claim 7 the concave pipe receiving surfaces of the first and second adapter bodies which correspond to the outside diameter of the pipe;(c) aligning and securing the adapter bodies to one another and to the pipe utilizing the first and second retainer mechanisms such that the proper concave surface of each adapter body engages the pipe and the concave pipe receiving surface of each adapter body is aligned with and facing the proper concave pipe receiving surface of the other adapter body;(d) inserting a cartridge evaporator in the evaporator receiving port of at least one of the adapters;(e) circulating a refrigerant through the refrigeration system thereby reducing the temperature of the evaporator and the adapter within which it is inserted, which then reduces the temperature of the pipe, thus causing the contents of the pipe to freeze.22. A method of mounting the multi-cavity adapter of claim 9 on a section of pipe to be frozen and installing the cartridge evaporator of claim 11 into said multi-cavity adapter, said method comprising the steps of:(a) positioning the first and second adapter bodies such that the pipe receiving surface of the first adapter body having a diameter equal to the outside diameter of the pipe to be frozen is facing and aligned with the pipe receiving surface of the second adapter body having the same said diameter equal to the outside diameter of the pipe;(b) orienting the first retainer mechanism with respect to a first side of the section of pipe to be frozen such that the pin bodies of the first retainer mechanism are substantially parallel to the section of pipe to be frozen;(c) turning the offset golf club-like heads of said first retainer mechanism such that said offset golf club-like heads are oriented away from said section of pipe;(d) inserting the second end of the first locking pin of a first retainer mechanism into a locking channel of the first adapter body, and inserting the second end of the second locking pin of a first retainer mechanism into a locking channel of the second adapter body, thus forming a hinge, whereby the first and second adapter bodies are swivelable with respect to each other;(e) securing the ends of the first and second locking pins of the first retainer mechanism with said nuts;(f) swiveling first and second adapter bodies outward with respect to each other;(g) wetting the outer surface of the section of pipe to be frozen;(h) wetting those pipe-receiving surfaces of the adapter bodies which surfaces are to receive the section of pipe to be frozen;(i) draping the hinged first and second adapter bodies around the pipe to be frozen;(j) swiveling first and second adapter bodies toward each other;(k) orienting the second retainer mechanism with respect to the side opposite the first side of the section of pipe to be frozen such that the pin bodies of the second retainer mechanism are substantially parallel to the section of pipe to be frozen;(l) turning the offset golf club-like heads of said second retainer mechanism such that said offset golf club-like heads are oriented away from said section of pipe;(m) inserting the second end of the first locking pin of a second retainer mechanism into a locking channel of the first adapter body, and inserting the second end of the second locking pin of the second retainer mechanism into a locking channel of the second adapter body, thus securing the section of pipe to be frozen;(n) wetting the evaporator receiving surface of the bore of the adapter; and(o) inserting a cartridge evaporator into the bore for receiving an evaporator therein.23. A method of mounting the multi-cavity adapter of claim 7 on a section of pipe to be frozen and installing the cartridge evaporator of claim 11 into said multi-cavity adapter, said method comprising the steps of:(a) positioning the first and second adapter bodies such that the pipe receiving surface of the first adapter having a diameter equal to the outside diameter of the pipe to be frozen is facing and aligned with the pipe receiving surface of the second adapter having the same said diameter equal to the outside diameter of the pipe;(b) orienting the first retainer mechanism with respect to a first side of the section of pipe to be frozen such that the prongs of the first retainer mechanism are substantially parallel to the section of pipe to be frozen;(c) inserting a prong of the first retainer mechanism into a locking channel of the first adapter body, and inserting the other prong of the first retainer mechanism into a locking channel of the second adapter body, thus forming a hinge, whereby the first and second adapter bodies are swivelable with respect to each other;(d) swiveling first and second adapter bodies outward with respect to each other;(e) wetting the outer surface of the section of pipe to be frozen;(f) wetting those pipe-receiving surfaces of the multi-cavity adapter which surfaces are to receive the section of pipe to be frozen;(g) draping the hinged first and second adapter bodies around the pipe to be frozen;(h) swiveling first and second adapter bodies toward each other;(i) orienting the second retainer mechanism with respect to the side opposite the first side of the section of pipe to be frozen such that the prongs of the second retainer mechanism are substantially parallel to the section of pipe to be frozen;(j) inserting a prong of the second retainer mechanism into a locking channel of the first adapter body, and inserting the other prong of the second retainer mechanism into a locking channel of the second adapter body, thus securing the section of pipe to be frozen;(k) wetting the evaporator receiving surface of the bore of the adapter; and(l) inserting a cartridge evaporator into the bore for receiving an evaporator therein.

说明书全文

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/132,758 filed on May 6, 1999.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an apparatus for freezing a plug of frozen liquid in a liquid-filled pipe, to plug said pipe at a point where there is no conventional valve, so that pipe repairs can be performed downstream of the plug.

BACKGROUND ART

PIPE FREEZERS USING EXPENDABLE REFRIGERANTS

A pipe freezer works by removing heat quickly enough from the liquid within a section of pipe that an ice plug forms in that section of pipe, thus effectively preventing the flow of liquid through that section of pipe. This ice plug acts as a temporary valve. When the ice plug is properly maintained (kept frozen), repairs can be performed on the pipe in the vicinity of the ice plug without the need to drain the piping system.

TWO PRIMARY METHODS OF FREEZING PIPES

1. Expendable refrigerants sprayed directly onto the pipe and vented to the atmosphere.

2. Compression cycle refrigeration, which circulates the same refrigerant in a closed loop as a refrigerator does.

1. Expendable refrigerants: These are the traditional refrigerants for freezing the contents (in a small section of pipe 5.08 cm-25.4 cm (2 in-10 in) in length) within plumbing piping or other fluid carrying conduits with a liquid that will freeze within the temperature range of the refrigerant being used.

The three more commonly used expendable refrigerants are listed below with their refrigerant number and boiling point at sea level (14.7 PSIA).

1. Liquid Carbon Dioxide: R744, −109 F. (−78 C)

2. Liquid Nitrogen: R728, −320 F. (−196 C)

3. Liquid Helium: R707, −425 F. (−269 C)

On pipes up to three 7.62 cm (three inches) of inner diameter the refrigerant of choice is carbon dioxide. There are five or more kits using carbon dioxide currently on the market in the US. Liquid nitrogen and liquid helium are not as available, are only packaged in large containers, and require additional safety training. There are companies that specialize in pipe freezing of pipes up to 152.4 cm (60 in) inside diameter. On pipes this large, liquid nitrogen or liquid helium would be used depending upon the application.

The current expendable refrigerant pipe freezing kits (for pipes up to 7.62 cm (3 in) ID) employ bags or collars that wrap around the pipe. The collars are hinged on one side and have a locking screw. The bags are wrapped around the pipe and tied on each end. Each type of kit has a spray head, which sprays the refrigerant over the pipe. A high-pressure hose delivers the liquid refrigerant to the spray heads from the tank.

As the liquid refrigerant is sprayed over the pipe within the bag or collar, dry ice is being formed due to the containment of the refrigerant (i.e., the refrigerant is not allowed to fully evaporate into the atmosphere). When enough dry ice is formed, the refrigerant valve on the tank is closed stopping the flow of refrigerant in to the bag or collar. To conserve refrigerant, heat is now removed from the pipe through the dry ice. The ability of the dry ice to remove heat from the pipe is much less than that of the denser liquid refrigerant. Throughout the process, the liquid refrigerant is turned on and off to conserve refrigerant, while depending on the dry ice, which was formed, to remove heat from the pipe.

Draw backs of free flow systems over Applicant's Multi-Cavity Adapter /Cartridge Evaporator

1. Requires longer freeze times.

2. Consumes more refrigerant

3. Cannot control vented gas location

4. Cost of equipment.

5. Danger of hose failure due to cold bending.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART INCLUDING INFORMATION DISCLOSED UNDER 37 CFR 1.97 AND 37 CFR 1.98.

The present inventor invented U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,875 issued to Radichio Jan. 12, 1982 for a Pipe Freezer or the Like, in which a self contained freezing device forms a plug of ice within a pipe section. A refrigeration unit supplies refrigerant to a cradle-like freezer unit within which the section of pipe to be frozen is held in spaced relation to the inner face of the freezer. The space between the underside of the pipe and the inner face of the freezer is filled with water, for example, by spraying. As the water in contact with the cradle-like freezer unit freezes, it covers the outer surface of the pipe section with an ice jacket. Alternatively, a bag of freezable gel may be substituted for the water spray and placed over the inside face of the freezer; and then the pipe section is placed within the fold of the bag. In the case of either alternative, the refrigerant is maintained inside the freezer, and out of contact with the pipe.

My U.S. Pat. No. 5,548,965 to Chen and Radichio issued on Aug. 27, 1996 for a Multi-cavity Evaporator which has an outer surface and an inner chamber. The outer surface has at least two pipe receiving surfaces and a pair of ends. The evaporator has a bore extending from one of the ends to the inner chamber. A tube extends into the bore sealing the chamber, such that a refrigerant flows into the inner chamber through an inner tube and out of the inner chamber through the outer tube. Each of the pipe receiving surfaces has a distinct surface adapted for receiving different size pipes.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION.

The present invention uses a multi-cavity adapter having from two to eight cavities to fit standard plumbing pipes in copper, steel and plastic, metric and US standard. The refrigeration evaporator fits into a cylindrical bore in the core of the radial multi-cavity array. The cavities are arrayed around the circumference of the bore. The extrusion that forms the array is of aluminum or the like.

The coolant lines are elbowed at 90 degrees to the evaporator's longitudinal axis to facilitate attachment to pipes in small or tight spaces and from the side of the pipes. The central bore in the adapter body has a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the evaporator which allows the evaporator to swivel freely in the adapter body thus minimizing wear and tear on the refrigeration lines to the evaporator when the evaporator is inserted into the central bore of an adapter body of the multi cavity adapter. Any of the cavities on the adapter body can be lined up with the pipe. When a single adapter is being used, the adapter is positioned on the pipe and secured with a strap having hook and loop fastening material. Then the cartridge evaporator is plugged into the adapter.

More preferably two units, a unit on either side of the pipe, are strapped in place to fully surround the pipe. Most preferably a special set of adjustable retainer mechanisms is used to tightly secure the adapters to the section of pipe to be frozen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING.

FIG. 1

is a perspective view of a pipe freezing system utilizing my multi cavity adapter and using nonexpendable refrigerants;

FIG. 2

is a perspective view of one of the adapter bodies of the multi cavity adapter;

FIG. 3

is an enlarged perspective view of

FIG. 1

with most of the protective hose and the refrigeration system removed;

FIG. 4

is a bottom view of the

FIG. 3

;

FIG. 5A

is a side perspective view of an adapter body with the cartridge evaporator removed;

FIG. 5B

is an exploded view of

FIG. 5A

, and also shows a turned over evaporator cap to show its details;

FIG. 6

shows an elevation in section of a pipe with frozen plug;

FIG. 7

is a diagrammatic plan view of the refrigeration unit of

FIG. 1

;

FIG. 8

is an illustration of the fact that the secondary adapter body is substantially a mirror image of the primary adapter body;

FIG. 9

shows the adjustment settings of the special retainer mechanism required to interconnect the adapter bodies around any of the four standard pipe sizes that the adapter bodies can accommodate;

FIG. 10

is an exploded view of the special retainer mechanisms;

FIG. 11

shows a single adapter strapped to a pipe;

FIG. 12

which shows two adapters strapped to a pipe;

FIG. 13A

shows a perspective view of a pipe freezing system having one evaporator utilizing expendable refrigerants which utilizes my multi cavity adapter;

FIG. 13B

shows a perspective view of a pipe freezing system having one evaporator utilizing expendable refrigerants which utilizes my multi cavity adapter;

FIG. 14

is an enlarged perspective view of

FIG. 13

with most of the protective hose and the tank removed;

FIG. 15

is a diagrammatic plan view of the invention in use when using an expendable refrigerant;

FIG. 16

is a diagrammatic plan view of the invention in use when using an nonexpendable refrigerant;

FIG. 17

is a perspective view of the tight space of

FIG. 16

showing the invention mounted upon the section of pipe to be frozen;

FIG. 18

is a perspective view of the tight space of

FIG. 16

showing the invention mounted upon the section of pipe to be frozen;

FIG. 19

is a perspective view of FIG.

18

;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.

Detailed Description of the Elements of the Preferred Embodiment

Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views,

FIG. 1

illustrates a perspective view of a pipe freezing system (utilizing non-expendable refrigerants) utilizing my multi-cavity adapter. (

FIG. 13

, described later, illustrates a perspective view of a pipe freezing system utilizing expendable refrigerants which utilizes my multi cavity adapter.) The multi-cavity adapter, generally designated as

20

in

FIG. 1

, is designed for the removal of heat from liquid filled pipes, such as

22

, to bring the liquid contents

24

, as in

FIG. 6

, below the liquid's freezing point, and to cause an ice blockage

26

, as in

FIG. 6

, within pipe

22

. With ice plug

26

in place, pipe

22

may now be cut open as at

28

, to make plumbing repairs without the need of a valve.

As best seen in

FIGS. 2 and 3

, the multi-cavity adapter for a pipe freezer, generally shown by reference numeral

20

, consists of an elongated piece of thermally conductive material

30

which has a first end face

32

, a second end face

34

, and a bore

36

passing through the piece of thermally conductive material

30

. This elongated piece of thermally conductive material

30

will be referred to as an adapter body. The bore

36

serves as a cartridge evaporator receiving port for the reception of a cartridge evaporator

38

therein.

FIG. 5A

shows a cartridge evaporator

38

removed from the cartridge evaporator receiver port

36

of an adapter body

30

.

FIG. 5B

is an exploded view of

FIG. 5A

, and also shows a evaporator cap

136

upside down to reveal its structure. The bore

36

extends from the first end face

32

to the second end face

34

of the adapter body

30

. Preferably, the bore

30

is a central bore

30

. The outer surface

40

of the adapter body

30

has a plurality of concave pipe receiving surfaces

42

-

48

. Preferably, each concave pipe-receiving surface

42

-

48

has an arc of approximately 180 degrees. Each concave pipe receiving surface

42

-

48

has a specific distinct radius of curvature which is different than the radii of curvature of the other pipe receiving surfaces

42

-

48

. Thus, pipes

22

with different outside diameters can be quickly and easily accommodated. (Please see

FIG. 9.

) The intersection of each pipe receiving surface

42

-

48

and the outer surface

40

defines a first corner edge

50

,

54

,

58

,

62

and a second corner edge

52

,

56

,

60

,

64

of each of the pipe receiving surfaces

42

-

48

. The intersection of each corner edge

50

-

64

with the first end face

32

defines a corner point of the first end face. The intersection of each corner edge with the second end face

34

defines a corner point of the second end face

34

.

Applicant's preferred embodiment of a multi cavity adapter

20

has an adapter body

30

with at least four pipe receiving surfaces

42

-

48

so that various sized pipes can be accommodated. As shown in

FIGS. 2 and 9

, the four pipe receiving surfaces

42

-

48

of the adapter body can accommodate pipes with outside diameters of 1.651 cm, 2.921 cm, 2.286 cm, and 4.191 cm (0.65, 1.15, 0.90, and 1.65 inches) respectively. The adapter body

30

of the multi cavity adapter

20

is thus designed to fit standard plumbing pipes in copper, steel and plastic, in both metric and US standard sizes. Occasionally, however, one will be required to freeze a pipe with a diameter which is different from that of the four pipe receiving surfaces

42

-

48

. For this purpose applicant's invention also includes a bushing adapter

70

(also called a reducer bushing, or sleeve) for accommodating pipes with other outside diameters. As shown in

FIGS. 11-12

, the outer surface

72

of the bushing adapter

70

is convex and complimentary to one of the concave pipe receiving surfaces

42

-

48

of the adapter body

30

. The inner surface

74

of the bushing adapter

70

is concave and has a specific distinct radius different from the pipe receiving surfaces

42

-

48

of the adapter body

30

and is adapted to receive a pipe.

Preferably, as shown in

FIG. 3

, Applicant's invention includes a second elongated piece of thermally conductive material

78

which will be referred to as the secondary adapter body

78

, and, in this case, the first elongated piece of thermally conductive material

30

will be referred to as the primary adapter body. The secondary adapter body

78

is substantially a mirror image of the primary adapter body

30

. (It should be noted, as shown in

FIG. 8

, that if one places two of the primary adapter bodies

30

,

31

in a row

80

from left to right, and the second one

31

in the row

80

is rotated about the central axis of its central bore

36

by 180 degrees (as shown in row

82

) and then turned upside down (as in row

84

), it is a mirror image of the first one

30

in the row.)

Applicant's invention contemplates two ways of fastening the multi cavity adapters

20

to the section of pipe

22

to be frozen. In Applicant's preferred embodiment as shown in

FIG. 3

, both the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapter bodies have locking channels

86

which are substantially parallel to the axes of the central bores

36

of the adapter bodies and extend from the first end face

32

to the second end face

34

of each of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

. As shown in

FIG. 1

there are four locking channels

86

in each adapter body. Each locking channel

86

has a channel opening

88

in the first end face

32

and a second channel opening

89

in the second end face

34

. Preferably, the circular edges of the channel openings

88

,

89

of these locking channels

86

are approximately 0.25 cm (0.1 inches) from an edge of the adapter first end face

32

and situated between the corner points of the first end face

32

at a position where there will be no interference between the pipe section

22

to be frozen and the retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

when the retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

are inserted in those channels

86

. Most preferably as shown in

FIG. 9

, the channel openings

88

of these locking channels

86

are situated such that the number of adjustment settings of the special retainer mechanism required to interconnect the adapter bodies around any of the four standard pipe sizes that the adapter bodies can accommodate are minimized.

Special adjustable fastening mechanisms such as the retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

as shown in

FIG. 3

(and in greater detail in

FIG. 10

which is an exploded view of these) are used to fasten the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapter bodies to the section of pipe

22

to be frozen. The first retainer mechanism

90

has a first prong

94

and a second prong

96

. These prongs

94

,

96

are threaded at their ends

98

. The first prong

94

is adapted to be received into a channel opening

88

of the primary adapter body

30

, and the second prong

96

is adapted to be received into a channel opening

88

of the secondary adapter body

78

, so that when the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapter bodies are aligned such that a pipe receiving surface

42

-

48

of the primary adapter body

30

is facing a pipe receiving surface

42

-

48

of the secondary adapter body which has the same radius of curvature as the primary adapter body

30

, the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapter bodies can be hingedly fastened together by the first retainer mechanism

90

, such that the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapter bodies can be draped around the section of pipe

22

which is to be frozen. The first retainer mechanism

90

includes two nuts

100

,

100

for threading onto the ends

98

,

98

of the threaded prongs

94

,

96

for securing the first retainer mechanism

90

in the locking channels

86

,

86

.

The second retainer mechanism

92

is essentially similar to the first retainer mechanism

90

. It has a first prong

94

and a second prong

96

, and the prongs are threaded at their ends. The first prong

94

is adapted to be received into a locking channel

86

of the primary adapter body

30

, and the second prong

96

is adapted to be received into a locking channel

86

of the secondary adapter body

78

, so that the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapter bodies can be fastened together, such that the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapter bodies can tightly encompass and secure the section of pipe

22

which is to be frozen.

In Applicant's preferred embodiment, special retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

as shown in

FIG. 3

, are used to fasten the multi-cavity adapters

20

to the section of pipe

22

to be frozen. Each retainer mechanism

90

,

92

consists of a first and second locking pin

102

,

104

, a straight pin

116

, which interconnects them, and a spring

118

under tension mounted on the straight pin

116

between the two locking pins

102

,

104

to hold the locking pins

102

,

104

apart from one another. As best seen in

FIGS. 3 and 10

, the first retainer mechanism generally shown by reference number

90

in

FIG. 10

consists of a first locking pin

102

whose first end

106

has a golf club-like head

108

which has a nonthreaded hole

110

. The golf club-like head

108

is offset from the central axis of the locking pin

102

so that when the retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

are inserted into the adapter bodies to be joined, the offsets will ensure that the straight pins

116

,

116

of the retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

will not come in contact with the section of pipe

22

to be frozen. These golf club-like heads

108

,

110

are referred to as offset golf club-like heads. The second end

120

of the first locking pin

102

is threaded. The second locking pin

104

, likewise, has a golf club-like head

110

which has a threaded hole

114

. The diameter of this threaded hole

114

is smaller than the diameter of the nonthreaded hole

112

in the golf club-like head

108

of the first locking pin

102

. The second end

120

of the second locking pin

104

is threaded. These two locking pins

102

,

104

are connected via a straight pin

116

. The straight pin

116

has a first end with an Allen head

122

with a diameter larger than the diameter of the nonthreaded hole

112

in the golf club-like head

108

of the first locking pin

102

. The straight pin is threaded except for the Allen head end

122

. The straight pin

116

is adapted to be inserted into the nonthreaded hole

112

of the offset golf club like head

108

of the first locking pin

102

. It is then pushed through that hole

112

until it engages the threaded hole

114

of the offset golf club like head

110

of the second locking pin

104

, and then is screwed into the threaded hole

114

of the second locking pin

104

. A pair of nuts

110

,

110

are screwed onto the second ends

120

,

120

of each locking pin to secure the first retainer mechanism

90

in the locking channels

86

,

86

. The Allen head end

122

of the straight pin

116

is then turned to draw together the golf club-like heads

108

,

110

of the locking pins

102

,

104

and thus tighten and secure the adapter bodies

30

,

78

on the section of pipe

22

to be frozen.

Preferably, a spring

118

under tension is mounted on the straight pin

116

of each retainer mechanism

90

,

92

. This spring

118

serves to push apart and hold the first and second locking pins

102

,

104

in substantially parallel alignment to one another, which enables one to simultaneously insert the locking pins

102

,

104

into corresponding locking channels

86

,

86

of the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapter bodies.

The second retainer mechanism

92

consists of a first locking pin

102

whose first end

106

has a golf club-like head

108

which has a nonthreaded hole

110

. Again, the golf club-like head

108

is offset from the central axis of the locking pin

102

so that when the retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

are inserted into the adapter bodies to be joined, the offsets will ensure that the straight pins

116

,

116

of the retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

will not come in contact with the section of pipe

22

to be frozen. As mentioned above in the description of the first retainer mechanism, these golf club-like heads

108

,

110

are referred to as offset golf club-like heads. The second end

120

of the first locking pin

102

is threaded. The second locking pin

104

, likewise, has a golf club-like head

110

which has a threaded hole

114

. The diameter of this threaded hole

114

is smaller than the diameter of the nonthreaded hole

112

in the golf club-like head

108

of the first locking pin

102

. The second end

120

of the second locking pin

104

is threaded. These two locking pins

102

,

104

are connected via a straight pin

116

. The straight pin

116

has a first end with an Allen head

122

with a diameter larger than the diameter of the nonthreaded hole

112

in the golf club-like head

108

of the first locking pin

102

. The straight pin is threaded except for the Allen head end

122

. The straight pin

116

is adapted to be inserted into the nonthreaded hole

112

of the offset golf club like head

108

of the first locking pin

102

. It is then pushed through that hole

112

until it engages the threaded hole

114

of the offset golf club like head

110

of the second locking pin

104

, and then is screwed into the threaded hole

114

of the second locking pin

104

.

In use, the locking pins

102

,

104

of the second retainer mechanism

92

are not fully inserted into the locking channels

86

,

86

. Therefore, when the Allen head

122

of the straight pin

116

is tightened, thus pulling the upper parts of the locking pins

102

,

104

together, the lower tips

120

,

120

of the locking pins

102

,

104

spread apart and contact the inner walls of the locking channels

86

,

86

. Thus the locking pins

102

,

104

bind in the locking channels

86

,

86

, thus securing the locking pins

102

,

104

in the locking channels

86

,

86

, and a second set of nuts is not needed to hold the locking pins

102

,

104

of the second retainer mechanism in the locking channels

86

,

86

. In other words, by tightening the Allen head

122

of the straight pin

116

interconnecting the two locking pins

102

,

104

, we can make the distance between the two locking pins

102

,

104

less than the distance between the channel openings

88

,

88

of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

we are fastening together around the section of pipe

22

to be frozen, and thus the locking pins

102

,

104

will bind as you push them into their set of channel openings

88

,

88

. The approximate distances between channel openings of the adapter bodies to be joined by the retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

in Applicant's preferred embodiment are shown in FIG.

9

.

Applicant has found that if both retainer mechanisms

90

,

92

are inserted in the same ends of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

, when the Allen heads of the straight pins

116

,

116

are turned to tighten the locking pins

102

,

104

, the adapter bodies

30

,

78

are pulled together at that end and tend to spread apart at the other end. The result is that there is not a good overall contact of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

on the section of pipe

22

to be frozen. Therefore, preferably, if the first retainer mechanism

90

is inserted in channel openings

88

,

88

of the first end faces

32

,

32

of the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapters, the second retainer mechanism

92

should be inserted in channel openings

89

,

89

of the second end faces

34

,

34

of the primary

30

and secondary

78

adapters. When this is done, the two adapter bodies

30

,

78

can be tightly secured to the section of pipe

22

to be frozen.

An alternate adjustable fastening mechanism for fastening a multi cavity adapter

20

to the section of pipe

22

to be frozen is a flexible strap with hook and loop fastener material such as shown in

FIG. 11

which shows a single adapter

20

strapped to a pipe

22

and

FIG. 12

which shows two adapters

20

,

20

strapped to a pipe. In use, pipe

22

is wet. Then two adaptors

20

and

20

are strapped by hook and loop (such as Velcro®) strap

124

around pipe

22

. Thus the two adaptors

20

,

20

clamp to both sides of pipe

22

.

As shown in

FIGS. 1

,

3

, and

4

, a close fitting cartridge type evaporator

38

is inserted in the central bore

36

of each adapter body

30

,

78

. This type of cartridge evaporator provides a way for using a refrigerant to freeze a pipe

22

for those types of pipe freezers which use Applicant's multi cavity adapter

20

to encompass the section of pipe

22

to be frozen.

As best seen in

FIGS. 5A and 5B

(which is an exploded view of FIG.

5

A), the cartridge evaporator

38

has an inner chamber

126

and a bore

128

which extends from the first end surface

130

of the cartridge evaporator to the inner chamber

126

. A metering tube

132

extends into the bore

128

and protrudes into the inner chamber

126

of the evaporator

38

for moving a refrigerant into the inner chamber

126

of the evaporator

38

at a predetermined rate. The metering tube

132

of Applicant's invention is a capillary tube having an outside diameter of 1.778 mm (0.07 inches) and an inside diameter of 0.5588 mm (0.022 inches). A return tube

134

extends out of the bore

128

for moving evaporated refrigerant out of the inner chamber

126

of the evaporator. In use, refrigerant flows into the inner chamber

126

through the metering tube

132

and evaporated refrigerant flows out of the inner chamber

126

through the return tube

134

. Preferably, as shown in

FIGS. 5A and 5B

, the metering tube

132

passes through and is surrounded by the return tube

134

, thus providing protection for the metering tube

132

.

Preferably, the first end

138

of the cartridge evaporator

38

has a cap

136

which is fixedly fitted over the first end

138

of the cartridge evaporator

38

. The cap

136

has a side wall

140

which extends along the outer surface

39

of the evaporator

38

for at least a portion of the length of the outer surface

39

. The cap

136

has a first end

144

which is closed, and a second end

146

which has a face

150

with a sufficiently large bore

148

in it for the second end

146

of the cap

136

to fit over the first end

138

of the evaporator

38

. The face

150

of the second end

146

of the cap

38

has an outside diameter which is greater than the diameter of the central bore

36

of the adapter

38

serving as the cartridge evaporator receiving port

36

. Thus, when the second end

152

of the evaporator

38

having this cap

136

is inserted into the central bore

36

at one end of the adapter body

30

,

78

and pushed along the bore

36

, the face of the cap

136

eventually comes to rest against the end face (

32

or

34

) of that adapter

30

,

78

.

As shown in

FIGS. 1 and 13

, in which a nonexpendable refrigerant is being used, Applicant's invention contemplates a complete pipe freezing system

154

for freezing the contents of a section of pipe

22

. As shown in

FIG. 7

which shows the interior details of the refrigeration unit, this pipe freezing system

154

consists of a refrigeration unit

156

having a compressor

158

for compressing the refrigerant from a low pressure to a high pressure, a pair of condensers

160

,

160

downstream of the compressor

158

for condensing the refrigerant from a high temperature gas to a lower temperature liquid, Applicant's multi-cavity adapter

20

, fastened to the section of pipe

22

which is to be frozen, and a cartridge type evaporator

38

inserted into a cartridge receiving port

36

of the multi-cavity adapter

20

. Metering tubes

132

,

132

extend between the condensers

160

,

160

of the refrigeration unit

156

and the evaporators

38

,

38

for moving the refrigerant to the evaporators

38

,

38

. Return tubes

134

,

134

extend between the evaporators

38

,

38

and the compressor

158

of the refrigeration unit

156

for moving refrigerant from the evaporators

38

,

38

to the compressor

158

.

Refrigerant enters each evaporator

38

through a metering device such as capillary tube

132

, or a thermostatic expansion valve (not shown), or an automatic expansion valve (not shown), or a fixed orifice (not shown). The pressure within the evaporator chamber

126

is much lower than the liquid entering. As shown in

FIG. 16

, as the liquid enters the chamber

126

, it expands

170

into a saturated vapor, reducing its pressure and temperature. Because higher temperature travels to cooler temperature, this evaporation results in the removal of heat from evaporators

38

,

38

. Then superheated refrigerant returns via return suction tube

134

to the compressor

158

(FIG.

7

).

As in

FIGS. 3 and 5

, when the evaporators

38

,

38

are positioned within the central evaporator receiving ports

36

,

36

of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

of the multi cavity adapter

20

, the heat will flow from the adapter bodies

30

,

78

, and when the adapter

20

is cradling a pipe

22

, heat is removed from the pipe

22

. For best thermal transfer, water, or any heat transfer media, may be sprayed between pipe

22

and the adapter bodies

30

,

78

, and in the evaporator receiving ports

36

,

36

of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

before placing the evaporators

38

,

38

therein.

As shown by

FIG. 13A

, in the special case where an expendable refrigerant is being supplied by a tank of refrigerant, a complete pipe freezing system

200

will consist of Applicant's multi-cavity adapter

20

fastened to the section of pipe

22

which is to be frozen, and a cartridge evaporator

38

is inserted into a cartridge receiving port

36

of one of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

. A metering input tube

132

extends between the tank

202

and the evaporator

38

for receiving refrigerant at its first end

204

from the tank

202

and for moving the refrigerant out of its second end

206

(see

FIG. 5B

) to the evaporator

38

at a predetermined rate. Preferably, the metering input tube

132

extends into the evaporator

38

, a distance which is three quarters of the length of the evaporator

38

. (Please see

FIGS. 5B and 15

.) Evaporated refrigerant is expelled to the atmosphere through the return tube

208

which, for expendable refrigerants, is actually a discharge vent. Preferably, this discharge vent

208

extends to a safe discharge area

210

. (A typical flow rate would be 0.675 kg (1.5 pounds) in 5 minutes for a 3.81 cm (1.5 inch) ID copper pipe with an ambient temperature of 70 F. The time to freeze the section of pipe

22

under these circumstances would be about 13 minutes.) The tank

202

, of course, should be sufficiently charged with refrigerant to freeze the contents of the section of pipe

22

. Since the metering tube

132

is somewhat fragile, Applicant's invention utilizes a protective hose or tube

212

(which will be referred to as the original protective tube) to encircle the metering input tube

132

for at least a portion of the length of the metering input tube

132

.

Most preferably, as shown by

FIG. 13B

, in the above pipe freezing system using expendable refrigerants, a cartridge evaporator

38

is inserted into the cartridge receiving ports

36

,

36

of each of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

of the multi-cavity adapter

20

. (Please see

FIGS. 5A and 5B

.) For this configuration, as shown in

FIGS. 13B-15

, a metering input tube

132

extends outward from the tank

202

for receiving refrigerant at its first end

204

from the tank

202

and for moving the refrigerant out of its second end

206

(

FIG. 15

) at a predetermined rate. Preferably this metering input tube

132

is a capillary tube. An input tee

214

is situated between the second end of this metering input tube

132

and the two evaporators

38

,

38

. This input tee

214

has an input port

216

and two output ports

218

,

218

. This tee

214

receives refrigerant from the second end

206

of the metering input tube

132

through the tee's input port

216

and supplies refrigerant out of each of the tee's two output ports

218

,

218

. An additional metering input tube

220

,

220

is situated between each of the two output ports

218

,

218

of the tee

214

and each of the two evaporators

38

,

38

. These additional metering input tubes

220

,

220

receive refrigerant from each of the two output ports

218

,

218

of the input tee

214

at their reception ends

222

,

222

and supply this refrigerant out of their supply ends

224

,

224

to each of the two evaporators

38

,

38

. Preferably, these additional metering input tubes

220

,

220

are capillary tubes as well. An additional protective tube (

220

with

226

) extends from each evaporator

38

,

38

. An additional protective tube (

220

with

226

) encircles each of the two additional metering input tubes

220

for at least a portion of the length of each additional metering input tube

220

. Discharge vents

208

,

208

extend from the bore

128

,

128

of each evaporator

38

,

38

so that evaporated refrigerant can flow from the inner chamber

126

of each evaporator

38

,

38

and be expelled to a safe environment

210

,

210

. Preferably, as shown in

FIGS. 13A-15

, each of the evaporators

38

,

38

is equipped with a supply/discharge tee

228

,

228

. These supply/discharge tees

228

,

228

are mounted on the evaporators

38

,

38

such that the central axes of their straight through legs

230

,

230

are collinear with the central axes of the respective evaporators

38

,

38

. The supply ends

232

,

232

of these supply/discharge tees

228

,

228

are mounted directly in the central bores

128

,

128

in the evaporator caps

136

,

136

. The reception ends

234

,

234

of each supply/discharge tee

228

,

228

are blocked off

236

(except for a hole through which one of the additional metering tubes

230

,

230

passes). The bull end

238

,

238

of each supply/discharge tee

228

,

228

has an opening

240

to the atmosphere. With this configuration, the supply ends

224

,

224

of each of the additional metering input tubes

220

,

220

enter the reception ends

234

,

234

of the straight through legs

230

,

230

of the supply/discharge tees

228

,

228

, pass through the straight through legs

230

,

230

, and exit the supply ends

232

,

232

of the straight through legs

230

,

230

of the supply/discharge tees

228

,

228

on their way into the cartridge evaporators

38

,

38

. (Preferably, as noted above, these additional metering input tubes

220

,

220

extend into each evaporator

38

,

38

a distance which is three quarters of the length of each cartridge evaporator

38

,

38

.) In this preferred configuration, the return

242

from the cartridge evaporators

38

,

38

is directly into the supply ends

232

,

232

of the supply/discharge tees

228

,

228

. Since the reception ends are blocked off

234

,

234

(except for the additional metering tubes

132

,

132

which pass through those blockages

236

,

236

), expendable refrigerant passing into the supply ends

232

,

232

of these supply/discharge tees

228

,

228

is shunted out the bull ends

238

,

238

(which function as a discharge vent) of the supply/discharge tees

228

,

228

, and thus is discharged into the atmosphere.

As shown in

FIG. 15

, refrigerant enters the evaporators

38

,

38

through a metering device such as capillary tube

220

, or a thermostatic expansion valve (not shown), or an automatic expansion valve (not shown), or a fixed orifice (not shown). The pressure within the evaporator chamber

126

is much lower than the liquid entering. As the liquid enters the chamber

126

, it expands

246

into a saturated vapor, reducing its pressure and temperature. Because higher temperature travels to cooler temperature, this evaporation

246

results in the removal of heat from evaporator

38

,

38

. Then the used refrigerant is shunted out the bull ends

238

,

238

of the supply/discharge tees

228

,

228

, and thus is discharged into the atmosphere.(FIG.

15

).

As in

FIGS. 3 and 4

, when the evaporators

38

,

38

are positioned within the central evaporator receiving ports

36

,

36

of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

of multi cavity adapter

20

, the heat will flow from the adapter bodies

30

,

78

, and when the adapter bodies

30

,

78

of the multi cavity adapter

20

are cradling a pipe

22

, heat is removed from the pipe

22

. For best thermal transfer, water, or any heat transfer media, may be sprayed on the pipe section

22

to be frozen and the selected pipe receiving surfaces of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

, and also in the evaporator receiving ports

36

,

36

of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

before placing the cartridge evaporators

38

,

38

therein.

It is preferred that the inside diameter of the capillary tubes used for the various metering tubes would compliment the evaporator by optimizing the freeze time versus refrigerant use. By properly metering the refrigerant through a fixed orifice, refrigerant usage can be minimized.

FIG. 17

shows a space in which the invention may be used. Limited access space

174

is available around pipe

22

. Water is sprayed onto pipe

22

for good thermal contact. As in

FIGS. 18 and 19

, the pipe receiving surfaces

42

-

48

of each adapter body

30

,

78

that best fit the pipe

22

to be frozen are selected, and the adapter bodies

30

,

78

are oriented so that they encompass the pipe

22

to be frozen with the selected pipe receiving surfaces of the adapter bodies

30

,

78

contacting the pipe

22

. The water which was sprayed on the pipe section

22

and the selected pipe receiving surfaces acts as a thermal transfer medium.

As shown in

FIGS. 18 and 19

, the right angle elbow

176

in additional protective hose

226

,

226

which surrounds the additional metering input tubes

220

,

220

allows the unit to fit into the tight space without bending the additional protective hose

226

,

226

, thereby reducing wear-and-tear on the protective hose

226

,

226

and the additional metering input tubes

220

,

220

which are encircled by that protective hose

226

,

226

.

Below is an overview of the steps for freezing the contents of a pipe using a pipe freezing system which has a refrigeration system having a compressor, a condenser, a cartridge evaporator, and a multi-cavity adapter having a single adapter body which has a plurality of concave pipe receiving surfaces on its adapter body:

(a) based on the diameter of the section of pipe to be frozen, select the proper concave pipe receiving surface of the adapter body.

(b) align and secure the adapter to the pipe such that the proper concave surface engages the pipe.

(c) insert a cartridge evaporator in the evaporator receiving port of the adapter body of the multi cavity adapter.

(d) circulate a refrigerant through the refrigeration system thereby reducing the temperature of the evaporator and the adapter within which it is inserted. As a result, the temperature of the pipe is reduced which causes the contents of the pipe to freeze.

Following is a more detailed view of the steps of Applicant's preferred method for mounting a single multi-cavity adapter on the section of pipe to be frozen and installing a cartridge evaporator into the evaporator cartridge receiving bore of the multi-cavity adapter:

(a) wet the outer surface of the section of pipe to be frozen.

(b) select the pipe receiving surface of the adapter which has a diameter equal to the outside diameter of the pipe to be frozen.

(c) wet the pipe-receiving surface.

(d) hold the elongated cylindrically shaped piece of thermally conductive material against the pipe to be frozen such that the pipe rests in the pipe receiving surface.

(e) strap the adapter to the pipe with an adjustable strap, and tighten the adjustable strap.

(f) wet the evaporator receiving surface of the bore of the adapter.

(g) insert a cartridge evaporator into the cartridge receiving bore of the adapter.

Following is an overview of the steps for freezing the contents of a pipe using a pipe freezing system which has a refrigeration system having a compressor, a condenser, two cartridge evaporators, and two multi-cavity adapters, the adapter bodies of each of which have a plurality of concave pipe receiving surfaces on their adapter body:

(a) based on the diameter of the section of pipe to be frozen, select the proper concave pipe receiving surfaces of the adapter bodies.

(b) align and secure each adapter to the pipe such that the proper concave surface of each adapter engages the pipe and the concave pipe receiving surface of each adapter is aligned with and facing the concave pipe receiving surface of the other adapter.

(c) insert a cartridge evaporator in the evaporator receiving port of the adapter body of the multi cavity adapter.

(d) circulate a refrigerant through the refrigeration system thereby reducing the temperature of the evaporator and the adapter within which it is inserted. As a result, the temperature of the pipe is reduced which causes the contents of the pipe to freeze.

Following is a more detailed view of the steps of Applicant's preferred method for mounting two multi-cavity adapters on the section of pipe to be frozen and installing the cartridge evaporators into each multi-cavity adapter:

(a) position the primary and secondary adapter bodies such that the pipe receiving surface of the first adapter body which has a diameter equal to the outside diameter of the pipe to be frozen is facing and aligned with the pipe receiving surface of the second adapter having that same.

(b) orient the first retainer mechanism with respect to a first side of the section of pipe to be frozen such that the central axes of the pin bodies of the first retainer mechanism are substantially parallel to the central axis of the section of pipe to be frozen.

(c) turn the offset golf club-like heads of the first retainer mechanism such that the offset golf club-like heads are oriented away from the section of pipe.

(d) simultaneously insert the second ends of the first and second locking pins of the first retainer mechanism into corresponding locking channels of the primary and secondary adapter bodies, thus forming a hinge. Now the primary and secondary adapter bodies are swivelable with respect to each other.

(e) secure the ends of the first and second locking pins of the first retainer mechanism with nuts.

(f) swivel the primary and secondary adapter bodies outward with respect to each other.

(g) wet the outer surface of the section of pipe to be frozen.

(h) wet those pipe-receiving surfaces of the multi-cavity adapter which are to receive the section of pipe to be frozen.

(i) drape the hinged primary and secondary adapter bodies around the pipe to be frozen.

(j) swivel the primary and secondary adapter bodies toward each other.

(k) orient the second retainer mechanism with respect to the side opposite the first side of the section of pipe to be frozen such that the central axes of the pin bodies of the second retainer mechanism are substantially parallel to the central axis of the section of pipe to be frozen.

(l) turn the offset golf club-like heads of the second retainer mechanism such that the offset golf club-like heads are oriented away from the section of pipe to be frozen.

(m) simultaneously insert the second ends of the first and second locking pins of a second retainer mechanism into corresponding locking channels of the primary and secondary adapter bodies, thus securing the section of pipe to be frozen.

(n) wet the evaporator receiving surface of the bore of the adapter.

(o) insert cartridge evaporators into the evaporator receiving ports of each of the adapter bodies.

5.3 Advantages of the Invention

The previously described multi cavity adapter has many advantages, including:

(a) Rather than have many individual adapters (Eight for a four cavity adapter), only two are required.

(b) The evaporator can swivel within the adapter body of a multi cavity adapter reducing stress on the protective hose and the input metering tube contained therein.

(c) Angle adapters are not required, because the evaporator is angled at 90 degrees from the hoses.

(d) The adapters can be exchanged for different sizes to go from metric to US standard sizes.

(e) If any pipe receiving surface is damaged, the adapter body can be replaced without entering the sealed system.

(f) The evaporator is protected by the adapter body of the Multi-Cavity Adapter.

The chance of refrigerant leakage is reduced, because the number of welded areas are reduced, and, when ported within the adapter, evaporator damage due to rough handling is less likely, because the evaporator is sheltered by the adapter body of the multi cavity adapter.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

20

multi cavity adapter

22

liquid filled pipe

24

liquid contents of pipe

26

ice blockage in pipe

28

cut in pipe

30

elongated piece of thermally conductive material (primary adapter body)

31

second primary adapter in row in

FIG. 7

32

first end face of adapter body

34

second end face of adapter body

36

bore for reception of a cartridge evaporator

38

cartridge evaporator

39

outer surface of cartridge evaporator

40

outer surface of adapter body

42

pipe receiving surface #1 (for pipes with an outside diameter of 1.651 cm (0.65 in))

44

pipe receiving surface #2 (for pipes with an outside diameter of 2.286 cm (0.90 in))

46

pipe receiving surface #3 (for pipes with an outside diameter of 2.921 cm (1.15 in))

48

pipe receiving surface #4 (for pipes with an outside diameter of 4.191 cm (1.65 in))

50

first corner edge of pipe receiving surface #1

52

second corner edge of pipe receiving surface #1

54

first corner edge of pipe receiving surface #2

56

second corner edge of pipe receiving surface #2

58

first corner edge of pipe receiving surface #3

60

second corner edge of pipe receiving surface #3

62

first corner edge of pipe receiving surface #4

64

second corner edge of pipe receiving surface #4

66

a corner point of the first end face

68

a corner point of the second end face

70

bushing adapter

72

outer surface of bushing adapter

74

inner surface of bushing adapter

78

second elongated piece of thermally conductive material (secondary adapter body)

80

row of two primary adapters

30

,

31

82

row after primary adapter

31

is rotated by 180 degrees

84

row after primary adapter

31

is turned upside down

86

locking channel

88

channel opening in first end face

89

channel opening in second end face

90

first retainer mechanism

92

second retainer mechanism

94

first prong

96

second prong

98

end of prong

100

nut

102

first locking pin

104

second locking pin

106

first end of retainer mechanism

108

golf club-like head with a nonthreaded hole

110

golf club-like head with a threaded hole

112

nonthreaded hole

114

threaded hole

116

straight pin

118

spring under tension

120

threaded second end of locking pin

122

first end of straight pin with an Allen head

124

strap with hook and loop material at the ends thereof

126

inner chamber of cartridge evaporator

128

bore of cartridge evaporator

130

first end surface of cartridge evaporator

132

metering input tube

134

return tube

136

evaporator cap

138

first end of cartridge evaporator

140

side wall of evaporator cap

142

an evaporator cap turned upside down to show details

144

first end of evaporator cap

146

second end of evaporator cap

148

bore in second end of evaporator cap

150

face of second end of evaporator cap

152

second end of evaporator

154

complete pipe freezing system using nonexpendable refrigerants

156

refrigeration unit

158

compressor

160

condenser

162

discharge vent

164

first end of metering input tube

166

second end of metering input tube

168

return from the cartridge evaporator

170

expansion of liquid entering the evaporator chamber

172

supply end of metering input tube

174

limited access space

176

right angle elbow in return tube surrounding metering input tube

200

pipe freezing system utilizing expendable refrigerants

202

tank containing expendable refrigerant

204

first end of metering input tube

206

second end of metering input tube

208

discharge tube or vent

210

safe discharge area

212

protective hose or tube

214

input tee

216

input port of tee

218

output port of tee

220

additional metering input tube

222

reception end of additional metering input tube

224

supply end of additional metering input tube

226

additional protective tube

228

supply/discharge tee

230

straight through leg of supply/discharge tee

232

supply end of straight through leg of supply/discharge tee

234

reception end of supply/discharge tee

236

blocked off portion of supply/discharge tee

238

bull end of supply/discharge tee

240

opening in bull end of supply/discharge tee

242

return from the cartridge evaporator

246

expansion of liquid entering the evaporator chamber

It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together may also find a useful application in other types of devices and methods differing from those types described above.

Alternatives and the Closing

Thus the reader will see that my multi cavity adapter supplies a long felt need for a simple, economical, easy to use means for freezing a plug of ice in a section of pipe. If one should aver that my multi cavity adapter is obvious, then one is hard put to explain why users of pipe freezers continue to use pipe freezing methods without the advantages of Applicant's invention.

Although the present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred versions thereof, other versions are possible which will be apparent to those who are skilled in the art. While certain novel features of this invention have been shown and described and are pointed out in the annexed claims, it is not intended to be limited to the details above, since it will be understood that various omissions, modifications, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation can be made by those skilled in the art without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred versions contained herein, but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

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