Method and apparatus for expanding a liner patch |
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申请号 | EP04106099.7 | 申请日 | 1999-12-22 | 公开(公告)号 | EP1510651B1 | 公开(公告)日 | 2008-07-02 |
申请人 | WEATHERFORD/LAMB, INC.; | 发明人 | METCALFE, Paul, David; SIMPSON, Neil, Andrew, Abercrombie; | ||||
摘要 | |||||||
权利要求 | |||||||
说明书全文 | This invention relates to downhole sealing, and to an apparatus and method for use in forming an arrangement to allow creation of a downhole seal. In particular, but not exclusively, the invention relates to the provision of a seal or packer between concentric downhole tubing, such as bore-lining casing and production casing. In the oil and gas exploration and production industry, bores are drilled to access hydrocarbon-bearing rock formations. The drilled bores are lined with steel tubing, known as casing, which is cemented in the bore. Oil and gas are carried from the hydrocarbon-bearing or production formation to the surface through smaller diameter production tubing which is run into the fully-cased bore. Typical production tubing incorporates a number of valves and other devices which are employed, for example, to allow the pressure integrity of the tubing to be tested as it is made up, and to control the flow of fluid through the tubing. Further, to prevent fluid from passing up the annulus between the inner wall of the casing and the outer wall of the production tubing, at least one seal, known as a packer, may be provided between the tubing and the casing. The tubing will normally be axially movable relative to the packer, to accommodate expansion of the tubing due to heating and the like. The packer may be run in separately of the tubing, or in some cases may be run in with the tubing. In any event, the packer is run into the bore in a retracted or non-energised position, and at an appropriate point is energised or "set" to fix the packer in position and to form a seal with the casing. A typical packer will include slips which grip the casing wall and an elastomeric sealing element which is radially deformable to provide a sealing contact with the casing wall and which energises the slips. Accordingly, a conventional packer has a significant thickness, thus reducing the available bore area to accommodate the production tubing. Thus, to accommodate production tubing of a predetermined diameter, it is necessary to provide relatively large diameter casing, and thus a relatively large bore, with the associated increase in costs and drilling time. Further, the presence of an elastomeric element in conventional packers limits their usefulness in high temperature applications. It is among the objectives of embodiments of the present invention to provide a means of sealing production tubing relative to casing which obviates the requirement to provide a conventional packer, by providing a relatively compact or "slimline" sealing arrangement which does not require the provision of slips and elastomeric elements to lock the arrangement in the casing. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of providing a downhole seal in a wellbore having a lined portion, the method comprising:
The invention thus permits the formation of a seal between inner and outer tubing without requiring the provision of a conventional packer or the like externally of the inner tubing. In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a tubular for use in a wellbore, comprising an expandable portion expandable by a radial outward force applied from an interior thereof, and a polished bore portion having a polished bore receptacle formed therein, the expandable portion having a thinner wall than the polished bore portion. Further aspects and preferred features are set out in claim 2 et seq. These and other aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Reference is first made to The general configuration and operation of the device 10, and the "setting" of the tubing section 18, will be described initially with reference to The device 10 comprises an elongate body 24 which carries three radially movable rollers 26. The rollers 26 may be urged outwards by application of fluid pressure to the body interior, via the running string 20. Each roller 26 defines a circumferential rib 28 which, as will be described, provides a high pressure contact area. The device 10 is rotatable in the bore, being driven either from surface via the string 20, or by an appropriate downhole motor. The tubing section 18 comprises an upper relatively thin-walled hanger seal portion 30 and, welded thereto, a thicker walled portion 32 defining a polished bore 34. Once the tubing section 18 has been set in the casing 16, the polished bore 34 allows an appropriate section of the production tubing 11, typically carrying sealing bands, to be located within the bore 34 and form a fluid-tight seal therewith. The seal portion 30 carries three axially-spaced seal rings or bands 36 of ductile metal. Further, between the bands 36, the seal portion 30 is provided with grip banding 37 in the form of carbide grit 38 held in an appropriate matrix. To set the tubing section 18 in the casing 16, the device 10 and tubing section 18 are run into the casing-lined bore and located in a pre-selected portion of the casing 16, as shown in Fluid pressure is then applied to the interior of the device body 24, causing the three rollers 26 to extend radially outwardly into contact with the inner surface of the adjacent area of the seal portion 30. The rollers 26 deform the wall of the seal portion 30 (to a generally triangular form) such that the outer surface of the tubing section 18 comes into contact with the inner surface of the casing 16 at three areas corresponding to the roller locations. Further, the pressure forces created by the rollers 26 may be sufficient to deform the casing 16, thus creating corresponding profiles to accommodate the radial extension of the intermediate tubing section 18. The carbide grit 38 carried by the sealing section 30 is pressed into the softer material of the opposing tubing surfaces, keying the surfaces together. This initial deformation of the intermediate tubing section 18 is sufficient to hold the tubing section 18 against rotation relative to the casing 16. The device 10 is then rotated relative to the tubing section 18 with the rollers 26 in rolling contact with the inner surface of the sealing portion 30, to create an annular extension 40a in the sealing portion 30 and a corresponding profile 42a in the casing 16, as shown in The device 10 is initially located in the intermediate tubing section 18 such that the roller ribs 28 are located adjacent one of the grip bands 37, such that on extension of the rollers 26 and rotation of the device 10, the area of greatest deformation at the extension 40a corresponds to the grip band location. Following the creation of the first extension 40a, the fluid pressure in communication with the device 10 is bled off, allowing the rollers 26 to retract. The device 10 is then moved axially by a predetermined distance relative to the tubing section 18 before being energised and rotated once more to create a second extension 40b and casing profile 42b, as shown in Following creation of the second extension 40b, the device 10 is retrieved from the bore, as illustrated in The production tubing 11 is then run into the bore, as shown in The "set" intermediate tubing section 18 may thus be seen to act in effect as a permanent packer, although the configuration and "setting" procedure for the tubing section 18 is quite different from a conventional packer. It is apparent that the set tubing section 18 may only be removed by milling or the like, however the absence of large parts of relatively hard materials, such as is used in forming the slips of conventional packers, facilitates removal of the tubing section 18. Reference is now made to The radial movement of the rollers 26 is controlled by conical roller supports 58, 59 located within the body 24, the supports 58, 59 being movable towards and away from one another to move the rollers radially outwardly and inwardly. The roller supports 58, 59 are of similar construction, and therefore only one support 58 will be described in detail as exemplary of both, with particular reference to Accordingly, increasing the fluid pressure in the running string 20 produces an increasing pressure force on the piston 68, which tends to push the loading cone 60 in the direction A, towards and beneath the roller 26. Similarly, a fluid line leads from the upper end of the body 24 to the area beyond the other roller support 59, such that an increase in fluid pressure tends to urge the other loading cone 61 in the opposite direction. Accordingly, this forces the rollers 26 radially outwardly, and into contact with the inner surface of the intermediate tubing section 18. This arrangement allows creation of very high pressure forces and, combined with the rolling contact between the roller ribs 28 and the intermediate tubing section 18, and the resulting deformation mechanism, allows deformation of relatively heavy materials, in this case providing deformation of both the tubing section 18 and the surrounding casing 16. Further, the nature of the deformation is such that the deformed wall of the intermediate tubing section 18 features an inner thickness of metal which is in compression, and an outer thickness of metal which is in tension. This creates a rigid and stable structure. Reference is now made to The device 110 comprises an elongate hollow body 124 which carries three radially movable rollers 126. The rollers 126 may be urged outwards by application of fluid pressure, via the running string 120, to the body interior. The device 110 is rotatable in the bore, being driven either from surface via the string 120, or by an appropriate downhole motor. The rollers 126 are rotatably mounted on relatively large area pistons such that, on application of elevated fluid pressures to the body interior, the 126 rollers are urged radially outwardly into contact with the tubing section 118. The deformation of the section 118a as illustrated in It will be clear to those of skill in the art that the above-described embodiments of the invention provide a simple but effective means of allowing the annulus between production tubing and casing to be sealed, using a metal-to-metal seal, the intermediate tubing section acting as a "slimline" replacement for a conventional packer, without requiring the provision of slips and elastomeric seals. It will also be apparent to those of skill in the art that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary of the present invention, and that various modifications and improvements may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the above-described embodiment features an arrangement in which the casing is subject to plastic deformation. In other embodiments, the casing may only be subject to only minor, if any, elastic deformation, sufficient to form a secure coupling between the intermediate tubing section and the casing; where heavy gauge casing is securely in a bore cemented it may not be desirable or even possible to deform the casing to any significant extent. In other aspects of the invention, an intermediate tubing section may be provided for purposes other than creating a seal between inner and outer tubing; the tubing section may provide a sealed mounting for a valve or other device in the outer tubing. |