METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY RAMMING UNDER WATER |
|||||||
申请号 | US13932380 | 申请日 | 2013-07-01 | 公开(公告)号 | US20130294842A1 | 公开(公告)日 | 2013-11-07 |
申请人 | MENCK GMBH; | 发明人 | Rainer MOHR; | ||||
摘要 | The present invention relates to a method and a device for environmentally friendly ramming under water. To reduce the noise input under water, the machine and the material that is to be rammed are surrounded by a fixed flooded sleeve. The sleeve advantageously has a sandwich-like structure. | ||||||
权利要求 | What is claimed is: |
||||||
说明书全文 | The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/280,072, filed Aug. 20, 2008, which is a National Stage Application of PCT/EP2007/001452, filed Feb. 20, 2007, the disclosures of which incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The invention relates to a method and a device for the environmentally friendly driving of material to be rammed under water. Offshore ramming work is carried out under water to establish foundations, for example, for drilling platforms and wind turbines. For wind turbines, large monopiles with a diameter of more than four meters are rammed into the seabed. This ramming results in an underwater noise input not to be overlooked, which can have a negative impact on the marine fauna, for example, the sense of direction of sea mammals can be impaired. The object of the present invention is therefore to reduce the noise input into the environment with ramming work, in particular under water. To reduce the noise input, a water-free working chamber is known from DE 2915542 C2, in the interior of which working chamber the pile is arranged. However, this measure presupposes that the working chamber is designed for the high underwater pressures at greater water depths and is correspondingly heavy. A device for reducing the noise emission of a driven pile is known from DE 2514923 C2, during the driving of which into the ground, the pile is covered over its entire length by a folding jacket of flexible material. The disadvantage of a device of this type is that it is not suitable for the rough conditions at sea, because the casing can be easily damaged during handling. The object of the invention is to disclose a method and a device that is sufficiently robust for carrying out offshore ramming work and thereby substantially reduces the noise input into the water. The method object is attained in that the ram and the pile are surrounded by a sound-insulating tubular flooded sleeve. The device object is attained in particular by a machine, in particular a ram, for driving piles or the like, the device being covered by at least one sound-insulating fixed sleeve that is flooded. The flooding is preferably carried out by the surrounding water, whereby differences in pressure are equalized so that the sleeve advantageously is subject to little static load. In the embodiment of the device it is provided for the sleeve to be tubular, which advantageously reduces the expenditure for producing the sleeve. Since the wall of the sleeve comprises a sound-insulating material, the noise emission is reduced by absorption directly at the point of origin. The damping can be further improved if the sound-insulating material of the wall is embodied in an open-pore and/or closed-pore manner. With the closed pores, the pore content can be selected such that it improves the sound-insulating properties of the material. Particularly good damping effects result if the wall has a thickness that is less than a quarter of the sound wavelength, preferably in the order of magnitude of a quarter. The properties of the sleeve can be adapted to the specific conditions of use by a sandwich-like structure of the sleeve wall, if the wall of the sleeve has an outer shell and preferably is connected thereto. The outer shell thus protects the sleeve and additionally can fulfill static functions in that it gives the sleeve the necessary rigidity. If furthermore the wall of the sleeve has an inner shell, preferably is also connected thereto, the inner shell can provide an additional protection from damage and additionally increase the mechanical rigidity. A different oscillatory behavior of the two shells results because the materials and/or the thickness of the inner shell and outer shell are embodied differently, so that the material of the sleeve to which the shells are connected can even better damp the oscillations occurring. The damping properties of the material can be better adjusted with the measure that the pores are filled with gas and/or with a liquid that is different from water. The handling of the entire sleeve is advantageously simplified in that the sleeve comprises individual length sections that are preferably connected to one another in a telescoping manner and/or the sleeve is assembled from at least two segments divided in the axial direction. The segments can also be embodied as half-shells so that the sleeve can be opened in a hinged manner for assembly reasons. In the hinged open state the sound-insulating tube or the sleeve can be placed around the material that is to be rammed and subsequently closed again. The objective thereby is to minimize the crane height in the case of a sequential placement of the material to be rammed and of the sound insulation in great water depths. If the material to be rammed is placed first and if there is neither a telescoping unit nor a segmentation in the axial direction, the entire sound-insulating tube would have to be lifted over the material to be rammed or vice versa. The sound emission can be further reduced if an upper end of the sleeve is embodied closed by a cover. It is advantageously provided for piles that may not have sufficient inherent stability, that the sleeve has at least one damping guide element for guiding a pile. These guide elements can dampen additionally in a particularly advantageous manner if at least one guide element is arranged outside self-vibrating nodes of the pile. Since the machine and sleeve are embodied as a unit to be handled jointly, no additional hoisting machines are necessary at the building site. The ramming work can be carried out with the existing building site equipment. The invention is described by way of example in a preferred embodiment with reference to a drawing, wherein further advantageous details can be taken from the figures of the drawing. Functionally identical parts are thereby provided with the same reference numbers. The figures of the drawing show in detail: In The sleeve can also be embodied from more than three layers in an analogous manner, without leaving the extent of protection of the invention.
|