BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The field of the invention is numerical control systems, and particularly, numerical control systems of the type which employ programmed processors as the means for carrying out the numerical control functions.

Such a numerical control system is known in the art as a computer numerical control or "CNC" and they are characterized generally by their use of a programmed minicomputer or microprocessor in lieu of hardwired logic circuitry. Such a system which employs a programmed processor is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,038,533 which issued on July 26, 1977 and is entitled "Industrial Control Processor System." Although CNC systems are programmable and do therefore offer a certain amount of flexibility, as a practical matter the system program which determines the basic operational characteristics of the system is seldom altered once the system is attached to a specific machine tool. For example, the CNC system may be programmed to provide full contouring for a three-axis milling machine without automatic tool changer and with certain "canned cycles." That software system is usually not altered during the life of the machine despite the fact that for much of the time the machine tool may not require contouring capability and could make better use of the memory space occupied by the circular and linear interpolation programs.

The flexibility afforded by the use of a programmable processor in a numerical control system has thus never been fully realized in prior systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a numerical control system in which a system program may be readily downloaded from a library stored in a bulk storage device. More specifically, the invented numerical control system includes a main memory, a processor, a read-only memory which stores a resident communication program, means for transferring the resident communications program from the read-only memory to the main memory and for initiating the execution of said program by the numerical control system processor, a storage device for storing a plurality of programs including a system program for the numerical control system, and a host processor coupled to said storage device and said numerical control system processor and being responsive to a download command generated by said numerical control system processor during its execution of the resident communications program to download said system program to the main memory, wherein the numerical control system processor jumps from the resident communications program to said downloaded system program after the download has been completed.

A general object of the invention is to download a system program to the memory of a CNC system. If the main memory is completely empty, as for example, after a prolonged power failure or a malfunction which erases part or all of the system program, a new system program can be downloaded from the download library in the storage device by initiating the execution of the resident communications program.

Another object of the invention is to enable the operator to select a system program from the download library. A manual data entry means such as a keyboard is associated with the numerical control processor and the download command is selected by the operator to identify a specific program in the download library. In this manner different system programs may be downloaded to alter the capabilities of the numerical control system to meet the requirements of the machine tool to which it is attached and the part being machined.

The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description. In the description reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which there is shown by way of illustration a preferred embodiment of the invention. Such embodiment does not necessarily represent the full scope of the invention, however, and reference is made to the claims herein for interpreting the breadth of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the system of the present invention connected to a machine tool;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the numerical control system which forms part of the system of FIG. 1 with the enclosure door open;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the system of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 4a and 4b are a block diagram of the industrial control processor which forms part of the system of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the arithmetic and logic processor which forms part of the industrial control processor of FIG. 4b;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the input/output circuitry which forms a part of the industrial control processor of FIG. 4b;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the priority encoder circuit which forms part of the industrial control processor of FIG. 4a;

FIGS. 8a-c are a flow chart of the resident communications program which forms part of the industrial control processor of FIG. 4;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a system program which may be stored in the numerical control processor memory;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the main controller routine which forms part of the software system of FIG. 9;

FIGS. 11a and 11b is a flow chart of the block execute routine which forms part of the software system of FIG. 9;

FIGS. 12a and 12b is a flow chart of the ten millisecond timed interrupt routine which forms part of the software system of FIG. 9;

FIGS. 13a and 13b is a flow chart of a program called COMPAC which is stored in the download library;

FIG. 14 is a flow chart of the download program (DNLDNC) stored in the host computer memory of FIG. 3;

FIG. 15 is a representation of the contents of the numerical control system memory at one stage of the download procedure; and

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of the host computer of FIG. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring to FIG. 1, a numerical control system is housed in a cabinet 1 and connected through a cable 2 to a multi-function machine tool with automatic tool changer 3. The numerical control system controls the motion of a cutting tool 4 along two or more axes of motion in response to a part program which is read from a tape reader 5. In addition, the numerical control system operates in response to commands read from the tape reader 5 to control auxiliary functions on the machine tool 3, such as automatic tool selection and changing from a tool magazine 6, pallet selection and changing, spindle speed and coolant operation. The implementation of such auxiliary functions involves the sensing of one-bit signals generated by numerous input devices such as limit switches, selector switches, and photo-electric cells, which are mounted to the machine tool 3, and the operation of numerous output devices such as solenoids, lights, relays and motor starters. The numbers and types of such input and output devices, as well as the manner in which they are operated, will vary considerably from machine to machine.

The numerical control system includes a programmable interface which allows it to be easily interfaced with machine tools of any make and model. This interface is accomplished by entering a control program comprised of programmable controller-type instructions through a keyboard 7. When this control program is executed the system operates as a programmable controller to selectively sense the status of the particular input devices on the machine tool to be controlled and to selectively operate the output devices thereon to provide the desired manner of operation.

Mounted to the door of the cabinet 1 immediately above the keyboard 7 is an associated cathode ray tube (CRT) display 9. Mounted to the right of the keyboard 7 and CRT display 9 is a main control panel 10 which includes a variety of pushbuttons and selector switches for providing standard operator controls such as mode selection, feedrate override, spindle speed override, jog select, axis select, etc. One of the pushbuttons enables the keyboard 7 to enter data.

Referring particularly to FIGS. 2 and 3, the elements of the numerical control system are mounted within the cabinet 1 to allow easy access for inspection, testing and maintenance. The keyboard 7 is mounted to the cabinet door 11 along with the tape reader 5, CRT display 9 and main control panel 10. A secondary control panel 12 mounts immediately above the tape reader 5 and all of these system I/O devices are connected to a numerical control processor 13 which is housed at the bottom of the cabinet 1. More specifically, the tape reader 5 connects through a cable 14, the secondary control panel 12 connects through a cable 15, the keyboard 7 connects through a cable 25, the CRT display 9 connects through a cable 17, and the main control panel 10 connects through a cable 18 to a wire harness 19 which leads to the processor 13. A processor front panel 26 provides a number of manually operable pushbuttons and visual indicators which relate to the operation of the processor 13 and which are connected thereto through a bus 27.

Two input/output (I/O) interface racks 20 and 21 are mounted in the cabinet 1 above the processor 13 and are connected thereto by a wiring harness 22 which extends upward along their left-hand side. A main power supply 23 mounts above the I/O interface rack 21 and a memory power supply 24 mounts on the left side wall of the cabinet 1.

The I/O interface racks 20 and 21 mount a variety of input circuits and output circuits on closely spaced, vertically disposed printed circuit boards (not shown in the drawings). These input and output circuits serve to couple the industrial control processor 13 with the cable 2 that leads to the machine tool 3 and may include input circuits for sensing the status of limit, selector and pushbutton switches such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,643,115 entitled "Interface Circuit for Industrial Control Systems," and output circuits for driving solenoids and motors such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,745,546 entitled "Controller Output Circuit." The input circuits also include position feedback accumulators which receive feedback data from the position transducers on the machine tool 3 and the output circuits include registers for providing axis motion command words to the machine tool servo mechanisms.

Referring particularly to FIGS. 1-3, the numerical control system 1 is connected to a host computer 500 through a cable 501 in what is known in the art as a DNC configuration. The cable 501 connects to a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UAR/T) 8 which is mounted within the numerical control processor housing 13 and it in turn is connected to the numerical control processor 13 through the wire harness 19. The UAR/T 8 is treated as another input/output device by the processor 13 as will be described in more detail hereinafter.

The host computer 500 is a general purpose digital computer such as the Model 7/32 manufactured by Interdata, Inc. As will be described in more detail hereinafter, it is coupled to the cable 501 by a UAR/T 502 which connects to an I/O port on a computer processor 550. The processor 550 is coupled to a read/write memory 551 through a bus 552 and a bulk storage device 507 in the form of a disc couples to the memory 551 and it serves to store not only a large number of part programs, but also, a variety of numerical control system software packages which may be downloaded to the numerical control system 1. Programs stored in the host computer memory 551 enable the computer to communicate with the numerical control system 1 and to manage the library of programs stored in the bulk storage 507.

As will be described in more detail hereinafter, an operator at the numerical control system 1 can call up a particular part program or a particular numerical control software system by generating commands through the keyboard 7. Referring particularly to FIG. 3, a communications package stored in a numerical control system memory 34 couples these commands to the host computer 500, which in turn reads the selected part program or numerical control system software package out of the bulk storage 507 and downloads it to the numerical control system 1. The downloaded program is stored in the memory 34 at a location determined by the communications package. To better understand the nature of a numerical control software system package which can be downloaded from the bulk storage 507 to the memory 34, a description of a preferred numerical control system -- both hardware and software -- will now be made. This preferred numerical control system is sold commercially by the Allen-Bradley Company as the Model 7300 B and it is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,038,533.

Referring particularly to FIGS. 4a and 4b, the numerical control processor 13 is organized around a sixteen-bit bidirectional processor data bus 30. Data is moved from one element of the processor to another through this data bus 30 in response to the execution of a micro-instruction which is held in a 24-bit micro-instruction register 31. Each such micro-instruction indicates the source of the data to be applied to the data bus 30, the destination of the data, and any operations that are to be performed on that data. The micro-instructions are stored in a micro-program read-only memory 32, and one is read out every 200 nano-seconds through a bus 33 to the micro-instruction register 31. The read-only memory 32 stores a large number of separately addressable, or selectable, micro-routines, each of which is comprised of a set of micro-instructions. To enable the processor 13 to perform a desired function, the appropriate micro-routine is stored in the read-only memory 32 and it is selected for execution by a 16-bit macro-instruction which is stored in a read/write main memory 34.

The main memory 34 is comprised of 4K by 1 dynamic MOS RAMs which are organized to store up to 32,000 16-bit words. Macro-instructions and data are read out of and written into the main memory 34 through a 16-bit memory data register 35 which connects to the processor data bus 30. The memory words are selected, or addressed, through a 15-bit memory address register 36 which also connects to the processor data bus 30. To write into the main memory 34, an address is first loaded into the memory address register 36 by applying a logic high voltage to its clock lead 29. The data to be loaded appears on the processor data bus 30 and is gated through the memory data register by applying a logic high voltage to its data in clock lead 27. A logic high voltage is then applied to a read/write control line 34' on the memory 34 to complete the loading operation. Data or a macro-instruction is read out of an addressed line of the main memory 34 when a READ micro-instruction is executed. A logic low voltage is applied to the read/write control line 34' and a logic high voltage is applied to a data out enable line 28 on the memory data register 35. The data word is momentarily stored in the register 35 and is subsequently transferred through the processor data bus 30 to the desired destination.

In response to the execution of a micro-routine called FETCH, which includes the READ micro-instruction, a macro-instruction is read from the main memory 34 and coupled to a 16-bit macro-instruction register 37 through the data bus 30. The macro-instruction is stored in the register 37 by a logic high voltage which is applied to a macro-instruction register clock line 37'. Certain of the macro-instructions include operation codes which are coupled through an instruction register bus 39 to a macro-decoder circuit 38, and other instructions also include a bit pointer code which is coupled through the same instruction register bus 39 to a bit pointer circuit 40. The bit pointer circuit 40 is a binary decoder having four inputs connected to the least significant digit outputs of the macro-instruction register 37 and having a set of 16 outputs connected to respective leads in the processor data bus 30. In response to the execution of a selected micro-instruction (MASK), a logic high voltage is applied to a terminal 41, and the bit pointer circuit 40 drives a selected one of the sixteen leads in the processor data bus 30 to a logic low voltage. The bit pointer circuit 40 facilitates the execution of certain programmable controller type macro-instructions.

In response to an operation code in a macro-instruction stored in the register 37, one of the micro-routines in the read-only memory 32 is selected. The operation code is applied to the macro-decoder circuit 38 which enables one of four mapper proms 42-45 and addresses a selected line in the enabled mapper prom. Each line of the mapper proms 42-45 stores a twelve-bit micro-routine starting address, which when read out, is coupled through a micro-program address bus 46 to preset a twelve-bit micro-program sequencer 47. The sequencer 47 is a presettable counter which includes a load terminal 52, an increment terminal 53 and a clock terminal 54. The clock terminal 54 is driven by a five-megahertz clock signal which is generated by a processor clock circuit 85 that is coupled to the sequencer 47 through an AND gate 86. Each time a logic high clock pulse is applied to the terminal 54 on the micro-program sequencer 47, it is either preset to an address which appears on the bus 46 or it is incremented one count. Concurrently, the micro-instruction register 31 is clocked through a line 88 and AND gate 88' to read and store the micro-instruction which is addressed by the micro-program sequencer 47. The AND gates 86 and 88 can be disabled in response to selected codes in a micro-instruction to decouple the 5 mHz clock. Such decoupling of the clock 85 from the sequencer 47 occurs, for example, during input and output operations to allow data one micro-second to propagate.

Each micro-second which is read out of the read-only memory 32 to the micro-instruction register 31 is coupled through a micro-instruction bus 31a to a micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 which is also coupled to the clock line 88. The micro-instructions are decoded and executed before the next clock pulse is applied to the terminal 54 on the micro-program sequencer 47. Each micro-instruction is comprised of a plurality of separate codes called micro-orders which are each separately decoded to enable one of the processor elements.

Each micro-routine stored in the micro-program read-only memory 32 is terminated with a special micro-instruction which includes a code, or micro-order, identified hereinafter by the mnemonic EOX or EOXS. When coupled to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48, this code causes a logic high voltage to be generated on an EOX line 49 to a priority mapper prom 50. If the industrial control processor 13 is in the RUN mode, the starting address of the FETCH micro-routine is read from the priority mapper prom 50 and is applied to the micro-sequencer 47 through the bus 46. The micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 also generates a logic high voltage on a preset line 51 which connects to the load terminal 52 on the micro-program sequencer 47 to preset the sequencer 47 to the starting address of the FETCH micro-routine.

As indicated above, the FETCH micro-routine functions to read the next macro-instruction to be executed from the main memory 34, couple it to the macro-instruction register 37, and initiate the execution of that macro-instruction. The last micro-instruction in the FETCH micro-routine includes a code which is identified hereinafter by the mnemonic MAP. This micro-instruction code causes the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 to generate a logic high voltage to the macro-decoder circuit 38 through a MAP line 52 and to thereby initiate decoding of the macro-instruction which is stored in the macro-instruction register 37. A logic high voltage is also generated on the preset line 51 to load the micro-program sequencer 47 with the starting address of the micro-routine called for by the decoded macro-instruction.

As shown in FIG. 4b, mathematical and logical operations are performed by the industrial control processor 13 in an arithmetic and logic processor 55 which connects to the processor data bus 30 and to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 through a bus 56. Referring particularly to FIG. 5, the arithmetic and logic processor 55 includes a 16-bit "L" register 57 which has inputs that connect to the leads in the processor data bus 30 and a corresponding set of outputs which connect through a bus 58 to the "B" inputs of a 16-bit arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) 59. Data on the bus 30 is clocked into the L register 57 when a logic high is applied to a lead 60 and the L register 57 is cleared when a logic high is applied to a lead 61. The leads 60 and 61 connect to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 through the bus 56 and are thus controlled by selected micro-instructions.

The ALU 59 is comprised of four commercially available arithmetic logic units combined with a commercially available full carry look-ahead circuit to perform high speed functions such as add, substract, decrement and straight transfer. The ALU 59 has a set of 16 "A" inputs which connect directly to the leads in the processor data bus 30 and a set of four function-select lines 62 which connect to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 through the bus 56. In response to selected micro-instructions, the ALU 59 performs functions on data applied to its A and B inputs and generates the 16-bit results to a shifter circuit 63 through a bus 64.

Also, the ALU 59 generates signals to an ALU decoder 114 which indicate when the result of a logical or arithmetic function is zero, all "ones," odd, negative or when it causes an overflow or a carry. The existence of such a condition is separately tested by micro-orders, or codes in micro-instructions which enable the ALU decoder 114 through the bus 56. The existence of the tested condition results in the generation of a logic high on a skip line 115 which connects to the decoder 48.

The existence of an overflow condition in the ALU 59 can also be stored in an overflow flip-flop 116 when a logic high is applied to its clock terminal through a line 117 by the decoder circuit 48. The Q output on the flip-flop 116 connects to the ALU decoder 114 and its condition can be tested by an appropriate micro-order. A system flag flip-flop 118 connects to the ALU decoder 114 and it can be clocked in response to an appropriate micro-order through a line 119 from the micro-instruction decoder 48. The flag flip-flop 118 may be set in response to one of the tested ALU conditions, and its state, or condition can in turn be tested by an appropriate micro-order acting through the ALU decoder 114.

The shifter circuit 63 is comprised of eight commercially available, dual four-line-to-one-line data selectors having their inputs connected to selected leads in the bus 64. Sixteen outputs on the shifter 63 connect to a 16-lead ALU data bus 65 and a pair of control leads 66 connect it to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48. In response to selected micro-instructions, the shifter 63 passes the sixteen-bit data word from the ALU 59 directly to the ALU data bus 65, or it shifts or rotates that data one or four bits.

The 16-bit data word on the ALU bus 65 is coupled to a 16-bit "A" register 67, a 16-bit "B" register 68, or a random access memory bank 69. The data is clocked into the A register 67 by applying a logic high voltage to a lead 70 which connects the A register 67 to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 47, or the data is clocked into the B register 68 by applying a logic high voltage to a lead 71 which connects the B register 68 to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48. The sixteen outputs of the A register 67 connect to the "A" inputs on a 16-bit multiplexer 72 and the 16 outputs on the B register 68 connect to the "B" inputs on the multiplexer 72. Sixteen outputs on the multiplexer 72 connect to the leads in the processor data bus 30, and when a logic high voltage is applied to an enable lead 73 thereon, the contents of either the A register 67 or the B register 68 are coupled to the processor data bus 30. The selection is made through a select lead 74 which, along with the enable lead 73, connect to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48. In response to the execution of selected micro-instructions, therefore, the A register 67 or the B register 68 may provide the source of data to the processor data bus 30 through the multiplexer 72, or they may be designated by selected micro-instructions as the destination of data on the processor bus 30 which is coupled through the ALU 59 and the shifter circuit 63.

The random access memory 69 is comprised of four commercially available 64-bit (16×4) random access memories which are arranged to provide 16 16-bit registers identified hereinafter as the "P" register and the R1-R15 registers. A sixteen-bit data word is written into the random access memory 69 from the ALU data bus 65 when a logic high voltage is applied to a read-write line 75. On the other hand, the contents of one of the 16 registers in the memory 69 are read out through a bus 76 to a 16-bit data latch 77 when the line 75 is at a logic low voltage and the data latch 77 stores this word when a logic high voltage is applied to its clock line 78. The lines 75 and 78 connect to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 and both the random access memory 69 and the data latch 77 are thus responsive to selected micro-instructions.

The particular register in the random access memory 69 which is to be accessed is determined by a four-bit address code which is applied to a set of terminals 79. The address terminals 79 are connected to the outputs of a four-bit multiplexer 80 which has a set of "A" inputs connected to receive bits 4-7 of the micro-instruction (source field) and a set of four "B" inputs which are connected to receive bits 9-12 of the micro-instruction (destination field) through the micro-instruction bus 31a. The multiplexer 80 is enabled through a lead 81 which connects to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 and the four-bit address on the A or B inputs is selected by the logic signal applied to a lead 82 which connects to receive a 5 mHz "destination" signal from the clock circuit 85. When the random access memory 69 is identified as the source of data, the address of the particular register in the memory 69 from which the data is to be read appears at the A inputs of the multiplexer 80, and when the random access memory 69 is identified as the destination of data, the address of the particular register into which the data is to be written appears on the B inputs.

Data read from the random access memory 69 and stored in the data latch 77 is coupled to the processor data bus 30 by a set of 16 gates 83. The gates 83 are enabled through a lead 84 which connects to, and is controlled by, the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48. For example, the P register in the memory 69 serves as the macro-program counter, and when the FETCH micro-routine is executed, the contents of the P register is read out through the data latch 77 and the gates 83 to the processor data bus 30 where it is coupled to the main memory address register 36.

The arithmetic and logic processor 55 also includes a 10-bit binary transfer counter 141 which has its inputs connected to the ten least significant digit leads in the processor data bus 30. A constant can be loaded into the transfer counter 141 by a micro-order which designates it as the destination of the data and which enables it through an enable lead 142. The same micro-order generates a logic high voltage to a preset terminal through a lead 143. The transfer counter 141 can be incremented through a lead 144 and an output signal is generated on respective leads 156 and 157 when a count of 15 or 1,023 is reached. The leads 142-144, 156 and 157 connect to the micro-instruction decoder 48.

Connected to the processor data bus 30 and the transfer counter 141 is a resident communication program read-only memory 158. The ROM 158 is a 4-bit by 1024 line read-only memory which has its address terminals connected to the counter 141 through a nine-lead bus 159 and its four data output terminals connected to the four least significant leads in the data bus 30. The ROM 158 is enabled to read a four-bit byte of data onto the bus 30 when a logic high voltage is applied to an enable terminal 159 by the micro-instruction decoder 48.

Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 4b, data is coupled to and is received from the I/O interface racks 20 and 21 and the system I/O devices 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 through an input/output interface circuit 87 which connects to the processor data bus 30. Referring particularly to FIG. 6, the I/O interface circuit 87 includes a set of sixteen data output gates 90 which have inputs connected to the leads in the processor data bus 30 and outputs which connect to a 16-bit input/output data bus 91. An enable line 92 connects a second input on each of the data output gates 90 to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48, and when driven to a logic high voltage, a 16-bit data word on the processor data bus 30 is coupled to the input/output data bus 91. The input/output data bus 91 connects to the wiring harness 19 and 22 which couple the industrial control processor 13 to the interface racks 20 and 21 and to the respective system I/O devices such as the CRT display 9.

The input/output interface circuit 87 also includes a six-bit input/output address register 93 which connects to the six least significant digit leads in the processor data bus 30. The I/O address register 93 connects to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 through a clock lead 94 and when a logic high voltage is generated on the clock lead 94, a six-bit I/O address is clocked into the register 93 from the processor data bus 30. Six output terminals on the register 93 connect to leads in a six-bit I/O address bus 95. The I/O address bus 95 joins the wiring harness 22, and the I/O address stored in the register 93 is thus coupled through the bus 95 to the I/O interface racks 20 and 21. A clear line 96 connects the address register 93 to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48, and when a logic high voltage is generated thereon, the register 93 is reset to zero. As will be described in more detail hereinafter, when an OTA macro-instruction is executed, the I/O address (rack number and slot number) is loaded into the output address register 93 and is applied to the I/O address bus 95. The addressed device acknowledges receipt of its address and a 16-bit data word may then be applied to the processor data bus 30 and gated onto the input/output data bus 91 to the addressed device.

Data is coupled into the industrial control processor 13 through a 16-bit multiplexer 97 which forms part of the input/output interface circuit of FIG. 6. A set of 16 "B" input terminals on the multiplexer 97 connect to the input/output data bus 91 and a set of 16 output terminals thereon connect to the respective leads in the processor data bus 30. The six least significant digit inputs of a set of 16 "A" inputs on the multiplexer 97 connect to an interrupt address bus 95a. An enable line 98 and a select line 99 on the multiplexer 97 connect to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48. When a logic high voltage is generated on the enable line 98, the data on either the I/O data bus 91 or the interrupt address bus 95a is coupled to the processor data bus 30. The selection is made by the logic state of the select line 99 which is also controlled by selected micro-instructions through the decoder circuit 48.

Decoding of the I/O address for the system I/O devices 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 is accomplished in the input/output interface circuit of FIG. 6. The three most significant digit leads of the input/output address bus 95 connect to the respective inputs on three exclusive NOR gates 102-104 and the three least significant digit leads therein connect to the inputs of a BCD decoder 105. A second input on each of the exclusive NOR gates 102-104 connects through respective switches 106-108 to a logic low voltage supply terminal 109 and an output terminal on each of the gates 102-104 connects to respective inputs on an AND gate 110. An output on the AND gate 110 connects to an enable terminal 112 on the BCD decoder 105, and when a logic high voltage is generated thereat, the three-bit binary coded decimal number applied to the inputs of the decoder 105 is decoded. As a result, a logic low voltage is generated at one of eight terminals 113, the five least significant of which connect to the respective system I/O devices 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 through the wire harness 19. The three switches 106-108 are set to indicate the rack number (which in the preferred embodiment is number 1), and when this number appears on the three most significant digit leads of the I/O address bus 95, one of the system I/O devices is addressed.

The input/output interface circuit 87 of FIG. 6 also includes a timed interrupt circuit 162. The circuit 162 includes an R-S flip-flop 163 having a set terminal connected through a lead 164 to the processor clock circuit 85 (FIG. 4b). Every 10.25 milliseconds a logic high clock pulse is applied to set the flip-flop 163 and a logic high voltage is generated at its Q output terminal and applied to an interrupt request line 160. The interrupt request line connects to a priority encoder circuit 127 (FIG. 4a) as will be described hereinafter, and when the interrupt is granted, a logic high voltage is generated on an interrupt acknowledge line 161. The interrupt acknowledge signal is gated through an AND gate 166 and clocked into a d.c. flip-flop 167 connects through a lead 168 to one input on each of six AND gates 169 and through a lead 170 to an AND gate 171. The outputs of the AND gates 169 connect to the respective leads in the interrupt address bus 95a and their respective second input terminals are connected to logic high and logic low voltage sources in such fashion as to generate the octal address seventeen on the bus 95a when the d.c. flip-flop 167 is set. Thus, every 10.24 milliseconds the circuit 162 generates an interrupt request to the priority encoder 127 and when an acknowledge signal is received it asserts the I/O address seventeen on the interrupt address bus 95a.

Circuits similar to the timed interrupt circuit 162 reside in the keyboard 7, the UAR/T 8 and the tape reader 5. Each of these system I/O devices connect to the interrupt request line 160 and each is connected in "daisy chain" fashion to the interrupt acknowledge line 161. As shown in FIG. 6, the interrupt acknowledge line 161 is coupled through the interrupt circuit 162 by an AND gate 172 which is controlled by the Q output terminal on the R--S flip-flop 163. Thus, when the circuit 162 requests the interrupt, it not only responds to the resulting interrupt acknowledge signal, but it also prevents that signal from being coupled to subsequent system I/O devices in the daisy chain. In this manner, only one interrupting I/O device is serviced at a time. As will be described in more detail hereinafter, when an interrupt is acknowledged by the priority encoder circuit 127, it also initiates the execution of an interrupt service micro-routine which loads the I/O address of the interrupting device into register R4 of the memory 69. This I/O address is then employed to locate the starting address in the main read/write memory 34 of a macro-routine which services that particular system I/O device. For example, the timed interrupt circuit 162 calls up a ten millisecond timed interrupt routine.

It should be apparent from the description thus far that the various elements of the industrial control processor 13 are operated in sequence in response to micro-instructions which are read from the micro-program read-only memory 32 into the micro-instruction register 31 and which are then decoded by the decoder circuit 48. The address of the first micro-instruction in any micro-routine to be executed is loaded into the micro-program sequencer 47 from one of the mapper prom 42-45 or 50 and as the micro-instructions are executed, the micro-program sequencer 47 is incremented one count to read out the next micro-instruction in the micro-routine until an EOX or EOXS code is detected which indicates the end of the micro-routine.

Referring particularly to FIG. 4b, to enable the use of JUMP micro-instructions, and to thus allow one level of micro-subroutine, a 12-bit save register 120 is connected to the outputs of the micro-program sequencer 47 through a bus 121, and a twelve-bit multiplexer 122 is connected to the inputs of the sequencer 47 through the address bus 46. The save register includes a clock lead 123 which connects to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48, and when selected JUMP micro-instructions are executed, the address stored in the micro-program sequencer 47 is stored in the save register 120. The outputs of the save register 120 connect to a set of 12 "A" inputs on the multiplexer 122, and when a return call micro-instruction is subsequently executed, the address stored in the save register is coupled through the multiplexer 122 and loaded back into the micro-program sequencer 47. The multiplexer 122 also includes a set of "B" inputs which connect to the micro-instruction bus 31a, and when a JUMP micro-instruction is executed, the target address in the instruction is coupled from the micro-instruction register 31 to the micro-program sequencer 47 through the multiplexer 122. The multiplexer 122 is controlled by the data select lead 124 and an enable lead 125, both of which connect to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48.

Referring to FIG. 4b, the micro-instruction bus 31a also couples to the processor data bus 30 through a set of 16 AND gates 158. One input on each gate 158 connects to a lead in the bus 31a and a second input on each is commonly connected through a lead 159 to the micro-instruction decoder circuit 48. Their outputs connect to the respective leads in the processor data bus 30.

Referring particularly to FIG. 4a, the switches, lights and other control and indicating devices on the processor front panel 26 and the secondary control panel 12 are coupled to the processor data bus 30 by a control panel interface circuit 126. The control panel interface circuit 126 in turn is connected to inputs of a priority encoder 127 through a seventeen-lead bus 128 and five outputs on the priority encoder 127 connect to the priority mapper prom 50 through a bus 129. The control panel interface circuit 126 receives signals from panels 12 and 26 through the cables 15 and 27, and it receives signals through the processor data bus 30. In response, it generates a logic low on one or more of the leads in the cable 128 which determine the mode in which the industrial control processor 13 is to operate.

Referring particularly to FIG. 7, the priority encoder 127 includes a first three-bit binary encoder 130 which has a set of eight inputs, seven of which connect to the bus 128. The eighth input connects to the interrupt request line 160 from the I/O interface circuit 87. An eight-bit data latch 131 also has a set of eight inputs which connect to leads in the bus 128 and its eight output terminals connect to respective inputs on a second three-bit binary encoder circuit 132. Three output terminals 133 on the first binary encoder 130 connect to respective first inputs on three NAND gates 134-136. Similarly, three output terminals 137 on the second encoder 132 connect to respective second inputs on the NAND gates 134-136 and a fourth output terminal 138 on the second encoder 132 connects to an enable terminal 139 on the first binary encoder 130. The fourth output 138, the outputs of the respective NAND gates 134-136 and a seventeenth lead 140 in the bus 128 connect to respective leads in the bus 129 which in turn connects to the priority mapper prom 50. The lead 140 also connects to input number 4 on the first binary encoder 130.

The priority encoder 127 generates a five-bit binary code to the priority mapper prom 50 which is responsive to a logic low voltage at one of the seventeen leads in the bus 128, and which operates to address a line of the mapper prom 50. The mapper prom 50 is enabled when its EOX terminal 49 is driven to a logic high voltage at the completion of the micro-routine then being executed and a twelve-bit starting address is read out of the addressed line of the enabled mapper prom 50 to the micro-program sequencer 47. Although more than one of the leads in the bus 128 may be low at any given time, the encoder circuit 127 generates the code, or mapper prom line address, only for that lead which has the highest priority. Listed from the lowest to highest priority, the signals on the respective lead numbers 0-16 in the bus 128 result in the following functions being performed:

______________________________________  MicroLead No.Routine  Description______________________________________0      FETCH      RUN mode in which the program             stored in the main memory is             executed.1      INTER-     A requested interrupt is  RUPT       serviced.2      POWER UP   A higher priority interrupt  /DOWN      which is serviced before other             interrupts.3      START      Initiates the processor when             it is switched from HALT to             RUN mode.4      HALT       Three-instruction micro-loop             in which no execution of macro-             instructions or servicing of             interrupts will occur.5      CLR DISPL  Display register on processor             front panel 26 is cleared.6      PAR NHLT   Interrupts and displays "memory             error"on CRT.7      PAR HLT    Interrupts and halts processor.8      DISPL R    Display contents of a selected             processor register on processor             front panel 26.9      DISPL T    Display contents of a selected             memory location on processor             front panel 26.10     STORE R    Store contents of processor             front panel display in selected             processor register.11     STORE T    Store contents of processor             front panel display in selected             memory location.12     DECM       Decrement memory address             register 36.13     INCM       Increment memory address             register 36.14     STEP       Execute one macro-instruction,             then halt.15     BBL        A micro-program which transfers             the resident communications             program stored in ROM 158 to             main memory 34 and initiates             its execution.16     MPFF       Writes HALT codes in every             location of the main memory             when battery power is lost             during an extended shutdown.______________________________________

The priority encoder 127 also includes a binary-to-octal decoder 165 which has a set of three inputs which connect to the respective NAND gates 134-136. The second of eight output terminals on the decoder 165 connects to the interrupt acknowledge line 161, and when the interrupt service micro-routine is requested by a logic high voltage on the interrupt request line 160, a logic high voltage is generated on the interrupt acknowledge line 161 when the request is granted.

The above described hardware is operated in response to micro-routine comprised of micro-instructions which are executed at a rate of one every 200 nanoseconds. These micro-instructions include codes which are decoded by the circuit 48 to generate enabling signals to the appropriate system elements. The operation of the hardware will become more apparent after the micro-instruction set which this hardware executes is discussed.

The micro-instruction set is comprised of three types of instructions. The first type of micro-instruction has the following format and is employed to transfer data between processor elements which couple to the processor data bus 30, to perform logical and arithmetic functions on data applied to the ALU 59, and to perform data test and micro-instruction skip operations.

__________________________________________________________________________Bit No. 23 22 21 20 19         18 17 16 15 14                13 12 11 10 9                         8 7 6 5 4                               3 2 1 0__________________________________________________________________________ PROCESSOR         ALU    DESTINATION                         SOURCE                               SKIP, FLAGDescription FUNCTION         FUNCTION                FIELD    FIELD and MAP__________________________________________________________________________

The micro-instruction decoder circuit 48 simultaneously decodes each of the five "micro-orders" in this first type of micro-instruction and enables the appropriate processor elements to perform one or more functions. The processor element identified by the destination code is not enabled, however, until the last 50 nanosecond portion of the 200 nanosecond execution time period. The codes which may be employed in the five micro-orders of a "type one" micro-instruction are as follows:

______________________________________PROCESSOR FUNCTION MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern             Description______________________________________ASG1    11010     Enables decoding of alter/skip             group 1 of macro-instruction.ASG2    11011     Enables decoding of alter/skip             group 2 of macro-instruction.CFLG    01111     Clear processor flag flip-flop             118.COV     01101     Clear overflow flip-flop 116.CYFL    00111     If processor flag flip-flop 118             is set, generate carry in to             ALU 59.DIV     10000     Divide 32-bit number in A and             B registers by number in L             register.DMA     01011     Enables DMA cycle after execution             of micro-instruction.DWEL    00100     Causes 1 usec. freeze by dis-             abling AND gate 86 on sequencer             47.FLG     11101     Enables setting of processor             flag bit.FLGS    11100     Inverts condition of processor             flag bit.ICNT    00010     Increments the transfer counter             141 by one count.IOFF    00101     Disables interrupt recognition             except party errors and power             fail interrupts.IOG     01010     Initiates a 1 usec. I/O cycle.L1      10100     Performs a one-bit logical             left shift on data leaving ALU.L4      10111     Performs a four-bit logical             left shift on data leaving ALU.MPY     10001     Multiplies number in A register             by number in L register.NOP     00000     No operation is performed.   or   11111R1      10101     Performs a one-bit logical             right shift on data leaving ALU.READ    01000     Loads address into main memory             address register 36 and reads out             data or macro-instruction into             memory data register 35.RPT     00011     Repeats next micro-instruction             and increments transfer counter             141.RSS     11110     Reverses sense of SKIP/FLAG             micro-order.SFLG    01110     Sets the processor flag flip-             flop 118.SOV     01100     Sets overflow flip-flop 116.SRG1    11000     Arithmetic or rotational shift             of data leaving ALU as deter-             mined by bits 6 through 9 in the             macro-instruction register 37.SRG2    11001     Similar to above, but controlled             by bits 0, 1, 2 and 4 in the             macro-instruction register 37.WRTE    01001     Loads address into main memory             address register 36 and writes             contents of memory data register             35 into main memory 34.______________________________________

______________________________________ALU FUNCTION MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern             Description______________________________________ADD     00100     Adds the data on processor data             bus 30 to contents of L register             57.ADDO    00101     Same as ADD, but extend and             overflow logic enabled.AND     01100     Performs a logical "and"of the             data on the processor bus 30 and             the contents of L register 57.ARS     11010     Used in combination with shift             processor function codes to             perform arithmetic shift of             combined contents of A register             67 and B register 68.CMPS    01010     Ones complement data on processor             data bus 30.CRS     11001     Used in combination with shift             processor function codes to             perform circular rotate shift             of contents of A register 67             and B register 68.DEC     00110     Decrement data on processor             data bus 30 by one count.INC     00010     Increment data on processor             data bus 30 by one count.INCO    00001     Increment data on processor             data bus 30 by one count with             extend and overflow logic enabled.IOR     01110     Logical "or"of the data on             processor data bus 30 and             contents of L register 57.LGS     11000     Logical left shift of combined             A register 67 and B register 68             when combined with processor             shift codes.LWF     10011     Combined with proper processor             shift codes, it performs rotational             shift of data applied to shifter             63 and the flag bit.NAND    01101     Performs a logical "nand"on             the data on processor data bus             30 and contents of L register 57.NOR     01111     Performs a logical "nor"of             the data on processor data bus             30 and contents of L register             57.ONES    01011     Passes all "ones"to the shifter             63.PASS    00000     Passes the data unchanged.RSB     10010     Loads contents of save register             120 into micro-program sequencer             47.SUB     00111     Subtracts contents of L register             57 from data on processor data             bus 30.SWD     11111     Switch on the processor control             panel specifies the destination             field.SWS     11110     Switch on the processor control             panel specifies the source field.XNOR    00011     Performs logical exclusive             "nor"of the data on the processor             data bus 30 and the contents of             L register 57.XOR     01000     Performs logical exclusive "or"             of the data on the processor             data bus 30 and the contents of             L register 57.ZERO    01001     ALU passes all zeros.______________________________________

______________________________________DESTINATION FIELD MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern             Description______________________________________A       10100     Stores data on ALU bus 65 in             A register 67.ABT     10110     A register 67, B register 68 or             memory 34 depending on contents             of memory address register 36.B       10101     Stores data on ALU bus 65 in B             register 68.CAB     10001     A register 67 or B register 68             depending on bit 11 in macro-             instruction register 37.CNTR    11110     Stores lower eight bits on             processor data bus 30 in             transfer counter 141.DSPL    11010     Stores data on processor data             bus 30 in processor front panel             display.IOO     10111     Couples data on processor data             bus 30 to I/O data bus 91.IR      11011     Stores data on processor data             bus 30 in macro-instruction             register 37.IRIO    11001     Stores lower six bits on pro-             cessor data bus 30 in I/O             address register 93.L       10000     Stores data on processor data             bus 30 in L register 57.M       10011     Stores data on processor data             bus 30 in memory address             register 36.NOP     11111     No store operation.P       00000     Store data on ALU bus 65 in the             P register of memory 69.T       10010     Store data on processor data             bus 30 in the memory data             register 35.R1-     00001     Store data on ALU bus 65 in oneR15     through   of the respective registers   01111     R1 through R15 of the memory 69.______________________________________

______________________________________SOURCE FIELD MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern             Description______________________________________A       10100     Couples data from A register 67             to the processor data bus 30.ABT     10110     A register 67, B register 68             or memory 34 depending on contents             of memory address register 36.ADDR    11001     Couples low portion of macro-             instruction register 37 and high             portion of memory address register             36 to the processor data bus 30.B       10101     Couples data from B register 68             to the processor data bus 30.CAB     10001     Couples data from A register 67             to the processor data bus 30 if             bit 11 in macro-instruction reg-             ister 37 is 0; couples data from             B register 68 to the processor             data bus 30 if bit 11 is a one.CIR     11000     Couples six-bit address from I/O             interrupt bus 95a to the processor             data bus 30.DSPL    11010     Couples contents of processor             front panel display register (not             shown) to the processor data bus             30.IOI     10111     Couples data from the I/O data             bus 91 to the processor data bus             30.IR      11011     Couples data in macro-instruction             register 37 to the processor data             bus 30.LDR     11101     Couples data from resident com-             munications program ROM 158 to             processor data bus 30.M       10011     Couples data in memory address             register 36 to the processor data             bus 30.MASK    11100     Enables bit pointer circuit 40.NOP     11111     Processor data bus 30 contains             all ones.P       0000      Couples contents of P register             in memory 69 to the processor             data bus 30.R1      00001     Couples data from respectiveR15     through   registers R1 through R15 in the   01111     memory 69 to the processor data             bus 30.T       10010     Couples main memory data from             register 35 to the processor             data bus 30.TIMR    11110     Couple output of real-time clock             145 to the processor data bus 30.______________________________________

______________________________________SKIP MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern             Description______________________________________ALO     0010      Skips the next micro-instruction             if bit 0 at output of ALU 59 is             one.AL15    0011      Skips the next micro-instruction             if bit 15 at output of ALU 59 is             a one.ALZ     0001      Skips the next micro-instruction             if output of ALU 59 is zero.CNT4    1001      Skips the next micro-instruction             if the four least significant bits             of the transfer counter 141 are             all ones.CNT8    1000      Skips the next micro-instruction             if all the bits of the transfer             counter 141 are ones (i.e., count =             2047).COUT    0100      Skips the next micro-instruction             if the ALU 59 produces a carry.FLG     1011      Skips the next micro-instruction             if the processor flag flip-flop             118 is set.INTP    1010      Skips the next micro-instruction             if an interrupt is pending.NOP     0000      Do not skip the next micro-             instruction.ONES    0101      Skips the next micro-instruction             if the ALU 59 outputs are all             ones.OVFL    0110      Skips the next micro-instruction             if the processor overflow flip-             flop 116 is set.UNCD    0111      Skips the next micro-instruction             unconditionally.______________________________________

______________________________________FLAG MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern             Description______________________________________ALO     0010      Set the processor flag flip-flop             118 if the least significant bit             output of ALU 59 is a one.AL15    0011      Set the processor flag flip-flop             118 if the most significant bit             output of ALU 59 is a one.ALZ     0001      Set the processor flag flip-flop             118 if the outputs of the ALU 59             are all zero.-COUT 0100 Set the processor flag             flip-flop             118 if the ALU 59 produces a carry.ONES    0101      Set the processor flag flip-flop             118 if outputs of ALU 59 are all             ones.OVFL    0110      Set the processor flag flip-flop             118 if an overflow occurs.UNCD    0111      Set the processor flag flip-flop             118 unconditionally.______________________________________

The FLAG micro-orders are enabled only when the FLG or FLGS processor function micro-order appears in the same micro-instruction. Absent the FLG or FLGS micro-order, the SKIP micro-orders are enabled.

______________________________________MAPPING MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern             Description______________________________________EOX     1100      Indicates that micro-routine is             complete after execution of next             micro-instruction and enables             priority mapper prom 50.EOXS    1101      Indicates that micro-routine is             complete and enables priority             mapper prom 50.MAP     1111      Enables macro-decoder circuit             38 to call up micro-routine             specified by macro-instruction             in register 37.MAPL    1110      Enables macro-decoder circuit             38 to call up micro-routine after             indirect addressing is resolved.______________________________________

The second type of micro-instruction has the following format:

__________________________________________________________________________Bit No. 23 22 21 20 19         18 17 16 15 14                13 12 11 10 9                         8      7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0__________________________________________________________________________ PROCESSOR         ALUDescription FUNCTION         FUNCTION                DESTINATION                         MODIFIER                                OPERAND__________________________________________________________________________

The processor function micro-order coders and the destination micro-order codes are the same as those for "type one" micro-instructions which are listed above. There are only two ALU function micro-order codes and in addition to the functions which these two codes specify as described below, they serve to identify the micro-instruction as one having the type two format.

______________________________________ALU FUNCTION MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern              Description______________________________________IMM     10100      Places sixteen bits onto the              processor data bus 30 consisting              of the 1's complement of the              eight-bit binary OPERAND and              another eight bits of all ones.              The ALU 59 performs a PASS              operation.IMMC    10101      Same as IMM except the ALU 59              performs a 1's complement of the              data on the processor data bus 30.MODIFIER MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern              Description______________________________________HIGH    1          Specifies that the 1's complement              of the OPERAND is applied to the              eight most significant bit leads              of the processor data bus 30.LOW     0          Specifies that the 1's complement              of the OPERAND is applied to the              eight least significant bit leads              of the processor data bus 30.______________________________________

The OPERAND micro-order code is an eight-bit binary integer which specifies a decimal number from 0 to 255 or an octal number from 0 to 377.

The third type of micro-instruction has the following format:

__________________________________________________________________________Bit No.  23 22 21 20 19            18 17 16 15 14                   13 12  11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0__________________________________________________________________________    PROCESSOR            ALUDESCRIPTION    FUNCTION            FUNCTION                   MODIFIER                          OPERAND__________________________________________________________________________

The processor function micro-order codes are the same as those for "type one" micro-instructions which are listed above. There are only two ALU function micro-order codes and in addition to the functions which these two codes specify as described below, they serve to identify the micro-instruction as one having the type three format.

______________________________________ALU FUNCTION MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic Bit Pattern               Description______________________________________JMP      10110      Jump unconditionally to the               micro-instruction address               specified in the OPERAND.JSB      10111      Jump unconditionally to the               micro-instruction address               specified in the OPERAND and               store the return address in the               save register 120.______________________________________

______________________________________MODIFIER MICRO-ORDER CODESMnemonic   Bit Pattern              Description______________________________________J30     01         Replaces the four least signifi-              cant bits of the OPERAND with              the four least significant bits              in the macro-instruction register              37.J74     10         Replaces the four least signifi-              cant bits of the OPERAND with              bits 4-7 in the macro-instruction              register 37.NOP     11         No modification of the OPERAND______________________________________

The OPERAND micro-order code in a type three micro-instruction is a 12-bit address which is coupled through the multiplexer 122 to the micro-program sequencer 47.

The above-defined micro-instructions are combined to form micro-routines which are stored in the micro-program read-only memory 32. These micro-routines are in turn employed to execute macro-instructions which are stored in the main memory 34. The macro-instructions are combined to form programs, or routines, which when executed, perform the various numerical control functions and operate the discrete digital devices associated with the machine tool. Before a more detailed description is made of the manner in which macro-instructions are executed by selected micro-routines, a general description of the software system of the industrial control processor 13 will be made in order to acquaint the reader with the objectives which are to be accomplished and the general manner in which the system operates to accomplish these objectives.

The operation of the industrial control processor 13 is determined by the software routines stored in its main memory 34 which together form the software system. The software system is comprised of four main categories: background routines; 10-millisecond timed interrupt control routine; tape reader service routine; and keyboard service routine.

Referring to FIG. 9, the background routines 175 consist of such basic numerical control routines as setup, decode, noninterrupt portion of the keyboard and tape reader routines, display update subroutine, ASCII-to-octal and octal-to-ASCII converters, math and support routines, jog, keyboard servicing, tool and fixture offset, cutter compensation, and part program editing. The background routines also include those associated with the programmable controller aspects of the system, such as machine dependent software loader and editor, hardcopy output, punch output and I/O monitor. Most of these background routines are selectively called up by a main control, or executive, routine 176 which is comprised of three program loops 177-179. The three loops 177-179 are selected by the mode switches on the main control panel 10; the first loop 177 responding to the selection of the automatic or block-by-block modes; the second loop 178 responding to the keyboard mode; and the third loop 179 responding to the manual mode. A detailed flow chart of the main control routine 176 is shown in FIG. 10.

The automatic and block-by-block modes of operation are performed by a common loop 177 which calls up selected background routines 175. These routines initialize the tape reader 5, read in the block of part program data, decode it and set it up. The routine 177 then calls up a block execute routine which performs the actual execution of the block of part program data.

As shown in the detailed flow chart of FIGS. 11a and 11b, the block execute routine is divided into a pre-block, or prelude, portion, an interpolation portion and a post-block, or postlude, portion. During the prelude portion selected system flags are set to indicate that certain functions such as turn on spindle, coolants, etc., are to be performed. These flags are stored in selected memory locations in a system flag table 182 in the main memory 34. Similarly, during the postlude portion of the block execute routine flags are set in the table 182 to indicate that certain functions such as tool changes, shuttles, turning off coolants and spindle, etc., are to be performed by the machine dependent discrete devices. The flag table 182 interfaces the numerical control functions of the system with the programmable controller functions of the system.

The second loop 178 of the main control routine 176 is entered when the keyboard enable pushbutton on the main control panel 10 is pushed. This mode is employed, for example, to perform such functions as part program editing of the machine dependent software routine. The third loop 179 of the main control routine 176 is entered when the front panel selector switch is set to manual. The manual routine contains all of the operator functions such as jog, tape controls, and set zero which are each performed by respective routines that are selectively called up. The main control routine 176 thus manages all of the background functions of the system which serve to prepare the industrial control processor 13 to provide data to the servo mechanisms on the machine tool and to indicate to the associated discrete digital devices the auxiliary functions that are to be performed.

The remaining portions of the software system interrupt the main control routine 176 to service the I/O interface racks 20 and 21 and the system I/O devices. A ten millisecond timed interrupt routine 183 performs the actual transfer of data from the industrial control processor 13 to the machine servo mechanisms and the discrete digital devices on the controlled machine. This routine is indicated generally in FIG. 9 and it is executed to the finish every 10.24 milliseconds following an interrupt posted by the timed interrupt circuit 162. As indicated above, an interrupt service micro-routine loads the starting memory address of the ten millisecond timed interrupt routine 183 in the P register (program counter) of the memory 69 and it is then executed to the finish.

Referring to FIG. 9 and the detailed flow chart of the 10 millisecond timed interrupt routine in FIGS. 12a and 12b, after various housekeeping functions are performed, position feedback data and position command data is coupled between the I/O interface rack 20 and the industrial control processor 13 by a servo mechanism service routine 184. For a three-axis machine, for example, the x, y and z axis position feedback accumulators are connected to slots 0-2 of the first I/O interface rack 20 and servo mechanism command registers are connected to slots 3-5. The routine 184 sequentially couples the three sixteen-bit feedback words to corresponding lines in the read/write memory 34 and the three 16-bit command words previously calculated and stored at three memory locations in the main memory 34 are coupled to slots 3-5 of I/O interface rack 20.

The status of all sensing devices connected to the I/O interface racks 20 and 21 are then coupled to the main memory 34 by an input status routine 186. The routine 186 sequentially couples the sixteen bits of status data from slots in the I/O interface racks 20 and 21 to an associated line in the main memory 34. A portion of the main memory 34, hereinafter called the I/O image table 185, is dedicated to storing this status data as well as the data which is to be outputted to the I/O interface racks 20 and 21.

A machine dependent software routine 187 is executed next to determine the state to which all operating devices connected to the I/O interface racks 20 and 21 are to be driven. The machine dependent software routine 187 is comprised of programmable controller instructions which are executed in sequence to solve Boolean expressions and thereby determine the state of operating devices. In making these determinations the status of selected bits in the I/O image table 185 and the system flag table 182 are examined to ascertain a picture of the current state of both the numerical control system process and the machine dependent devices connected to the system. The determined states are stored in the I/O image table 185, and after the routine 187 is executed, these states are coupled to the output circuits in the I/O interface racks which drive the associated operating devices by an output status routine 194. The routine 195 couples sixteen-bit status words from the main memory 34 to their associated I/O interface rack and slot.

If a block of part program data has been set up and the prelude functions completed, an interpolation subroutine 188 is executed to calculate position command data for the machine servo mechanisms. These calculated position command words control the servo mechanisms for a 10.24 millisecond time period and are outputted by the servo mechanism service routine 184 during the subsequent ten-millisecond interrupt. The timed interrupt routine 183 is exited back to the main control routine 176.

Referring again to FIG. 9, a third category of routines which comprise the software system is the tape reader routine which is divided into two portions; the interrupt portion 190 and the background portion. The tape reader routine is called by the main controller routine 176 which employs the background portion of the tape reader routine to perform the initialization functions. After initialization by the background portion, a tape reader interrupt will then occur whenever a new tape character is positioned under the read head of the tape reader 5 and the interrupt portion of the tape reader routine 190 is executed. This routine reads the tape character and stores it in a selected data buffer in the main memory 34. It also sets flags in the system table 182 when the end of block character is read or when the block limit is exceeded.

A fourth category of routines which comprise the software system is the keyboard and CRT routine. This includes an interrupt portion 191 which is entered each time a key is depressed on the keyboard 7. Background portions of the keyboard and CRT routine interpret the received ASCII characters as data which is stored in the main memory 34 or as codes which call for the execution of specific subroutines.

The above described software forms no part of the present invention, but instead, the description illustrates the nature of the system software, machine dependent software, tables and storage areas which reside in a computerbased numerical control system (CNC). These elements, which are referred to collectively herein as a system program, or system software package, determine the functions which the numerical control system can perform. As is known to those skilled in the art, such system software packages vary considerably in content and structure depending on the type of machine tool the numerical control system is to operate, the types of parts to be run on the machine, and the types of optional features to be included. For examples, the machine tool may perform drilling operations or punching operations which require only point-to-point control rather than contouring. The system software would not include interpolation capability and more space in the numerical control system memory would be made available for part program storage. The contrary is the case where full contouring is required with linear, circular and perhaps even spline interpolation present.

The present invention enables the entire resident software system in the numerical control system memory to be changed by downloading a different software system package from the bulk storage device 507. Such a change may be required, for example, because a different type of part is to be machined which requires different interpolation capability or special "canned cycles" for efficient production. Also, the ability to download an entire system software package enhances the reliability of CNC systems which employ destructable memories. That is, rather than providing expensive and bulky battery backup systems for maintaining power to the system memory during power outages, the system software package may be downloaded by the present invention from a non-destructable memory after power is restored.

Downloading is initiated by depressing a pushbutton 510 located on the secondary control panel 12 of the numerical control system 1. Referring to FIGS. 4 and 7, the logic high voltage thus generated is coupled through the control panel interface 126 to lead number fifteen of the priority encoder 127. As a result, the priority encoder 127 generates a five-bit binary code to the priority mapper prom 50 which addresses the BBL micro-routine stored in the micro-program read-only memory 32.

The BBL micro-routine is then executed to load a communications program into the top of the main memory 34, load the starting address of the communications program into the program register (P), and then execute a macro-instruction fetch to begin execution of that program. The BBL micro-routine is as follows:

__________________________________________________________________________Proc.     ALU  Dest.              Source Field orLabelFunction     Function          Field              Mod. & Operand                       Comments__________________________________________________________________________BBL       ZERO R1           Load Zeros in R1.LOAD R    IMM  R9  HIGH 200B                       Initialize R9 to                       maximum possible                       memory address.DMA  IMMC R8  HIGH 020B                       Initialize R8 to                       010000B.LOAD 1    IMM  L   LOW 077B Load mask (177700B)                       into L register.     AND  P   R9       Load maximum memory                       address into P register.DMA  CMPS R10 P        Form 2's complement     INC  R10 R10      of memory address                       and store in R10.WRTE INC      R9       Write contents of     PASS T   R10      R10 into memory location                       indicated by R9 and                       increment R9.DMA  PASS L   R8       Store contents of R8                       in latch L.READ INC      R9       Read contents of     SUB  R9  R9       location written into     PASS L   R10      to determine if                       memory is present.     XOR      T ALZ    Is memory present?     JMP      LOAD 1   No, loop back and try                       with maximum memory                       address reduced by 4K.     PASS R9  P        Yes, save maximum                       memory address in R9.DMA  IMM  CNTR              LOW 377B Clear transfer counter.LOAD 2L4   PASS R8  LDR      Read out contents of                       addressed line in ROM                       158, shift left four                       places and store in R8.ICNT PASS L   R8       Increment transfer                       counter and store con-                       tents of R8 in latch L.L4   AND  R8  LDR      Read out contents of                       addressed line in ROM                       158, AND with contents                       of L, shift result left                       four places and store                       in R8.ICNT PASS L   R8       Increment transfer                       counter and store con-                       tents of R8 in latch L.L4   AND  R8  LDR      Read out contents of                       addressed line in ROM                       158, AND with contents                       of L, shift result                       left four places and                       store in R8.ICNT PASS L   R8       Increment transfer                       counter and store con-                       tents of R8 in latch L.DMA  AND  R8  LDR      Read out contents of                       addressed line in ROM                       158, AND with contents of                       L and store in R8.WRTE INC  R9  R9       Write 16-bit word in     PASS T   R8 CNT8  R8 into memory 34 at                       location indicated by                       R9, increment R9 and                       check to see if transfer                       counter is all ones.ICNT JMP      LOAD 2   No, loop back to transfer                       next 16-bit word to                       memory 34.     CMPS A   P EOX    YES, put starting     INC  A   A        address of resident                       communications program                       in A register and                       jump to first instruc-                       tion therein.__________________________________________________________________________

The BBL micro-program operates first to determine the size of the memory 34. It performs this function by writing into the maximum possible memory address (i.e., the maximum memory address when the largest possible memory is employed in the system) and then reading data out of the memory location. If the data differs no memory is present at that address and the same procedure is carried out with an address which is 4K less.

When the memory size is determined the BBL microprogram sequentially transfers the instructions of the resident communications program from the ROM 58 to the top of the memory 34. The 16-bit instructions are stored as 4-bit bytes which are read out in sequence into the register R8. The reconstructed 16-bit instruction is then transferred to the memory 34 at the address indicated in the register R9. When the transfer counter 141 counts out (i.e., all one's) the starting address of the resident communications program is stored in the P and A registers and the micro-routine is completed. The system then fetches and executes the first macro-instruction in the resident communications program.

The resident communications program is stored on the top 128 lines of the main memory 34. Referring to FIG. 8a, when executed this resident communications program first disables all interrupts and turns off all output devices as indicated by process block 511. As indicated by process blocks 525 and 526 a download request word (octal 20) is then fetched from a location in the memory 34 and is transmitted to the host computer 500 along with a version character. This data is interpreted as a download command by the host computer 500. The octal 20 identifies a communications program, COMPAC, and the version character distinguishes the various versions of this program which may reside in the host computer library.

As will be described in more detail hereinafter, the host computer 500 reads COMPAC out of the disc memory 507 and divides it into a series of records, each of which record is comprised of a predetermined number of words which are downloaded to the numerical control system 1 via the UAR/Ts 502 and 8. The host computer 500 first downloads a record size number, a record load address number, a series of ASCII characters and then a checksum number. As shown in FIG. 8, the resident communications program jumps to a RECEIVE subroutine as indicated by process blocks 527 and 528 to input this data. The record size number is stored at memory location "COUNT" after being negated as indicated by process block 529, the B register is initialized as indicated by process block 530 and the record load address is stored in the memory 34 at "ADDR."

Referring particularly to FIG. 8b, a loop is then established in the program during which a record comprised of the number of words indicated by COUNT is downloaded and stored in the memory 34 at the location indicated by ADDR. A check is first made to insure that the downloaded record will not destroy any part of the resident communications program as indicated by process blocks 531 and 532 and the decision block 533. If a program is detected the message "ADDRESS ERROR" is displayed on the CRT 9 as indicated by process block 534 and the program loops back to START to begin the entire download procedure again. If everything is in order, the system remains in the loop to sequentially download words until the entire record has been received and stored. The contents of "ADDR," "COUNT" and the checksum accumulator (B register) are adjusted accordingly as each word is received and stored as indicated by process block 535, and when COUNT reaches zero as indicated by decision block 536, the loop is exited.

Referring particularly to FIG. 8c, after an entire record has been downloaded a checksum word is downloaded and compared with the checksum accumulator as indicated by process blocks 537 and 538 and decision block 539. If an error in the number of words downloaded has occurred, the message "CHECKSUM ERROR" is displayed on CRT 9 as indicated by process block 540 and the system loops back to START. Otherwise, the system loops back to process block 527 (FIG. 8a) to commence downloading the next record. The system continues downloading records comprised of fixed numbers of words until the end of transmission code (ETX) is received. This is detected in the BYTE subroutine which forms part of the RECEIVE subroutine, and when it occurs, the system jumps to the first instruction in the downloaded program.

The listing of the resident communications program along with the RECEIVE and BYTE subroutines appear in APPENDIX A. A definition of the instruction set appears in "Instruction Manual 7320/40/60" published in 1977 by the Allen-Bradley Company.

An examination of the resident communications program listing reveals that it is relatively short and thus of limited capability. This is done in the preferred embodiment to minimize the amount of space required within the numerical control system ROM 158 for permanent storage of the resident communications program. It can be appreciated, however, that where space permits, communications programs of greater capability may be stored at the numerical control system and loaded by the BBL micro-routine.

The program downloaded by the resident communications program described above is a more powerful communications program referred to hereinafter as COMPAC. Whereas the resident communications program merely downloads a program and indicates any transmission errors which might occur, COMPAC enables the operator at the numerical control system 1 to interractively communicate with the host computer 500 through the numerical control system keyboard 7 and CRT 9. In this manner the operator is able to identify the particular program which is to be downloaded and stored in the main memory 34. As shown in FIG. 15, at this juncture in the download procedure the main numerical control system memory 34 contains the resident communications program and COMPAC. The remainder of the memory 34 is empty.

Referring to FIGS. 13a and 13b COMPAC is entered from the resident communications program at the point 512 when the "ETX" character is received at the UAR/T 8. This indicates that the entire COMPAC program has been downloaded (see BYTE SUBROUTINE -- APPENDIX A) and that it can now be executed. As indicated by process block 513 interrupts are disabled and all operating devices connected to interface racks 20 and 21 are deenergized. The word "READY" is then displayed on the CRT 9 as indicated by process block 514 and the system waits for the operator to enter a command through the keyboard 7. The only valid commands at this point are sign-on, sign-off and download. If either the sign-on or sign-off command is entered the system branches at decision blocks 515 and 516 and the command is transmitted via the UAR/T 8 to the host computer 500 as indicated by process block 517. The reply from the host computer 500 is then received and displayed on the CRT 9 as indicated by process block 518 and the system loops back to process block 519 to await a further command from the operator. If an invalid command is entered by the operator an asterisk is displayed on the CRT 9 as indicated by the process block 520.

When a proper download command is entered the code is transmitted to the host computer 500 as indicated by process block 521. The reply from the host computer 500 is received and displayed on the CRT 9 as indicated by process block 522 and the reply is then analyzed as indicated by decision block 523 to determine whether it is a type "1" or type "2." If a type "1" reply is received a problem has been detected by the host computer 500 and the system loops back to start. Otherwise, it jumps to the resident communications program to commence the download sequence. The actual downloading is thus performed by the resident communications program in the manner described above. The downloaded executive program is written over the COMPAC program since in most instances the downloaded executive system will include its own sophisticated communications programs.

It should be apparent from the above description that COMPAC enables the keyboard 7 and CRT 9 so that the operator may enter commands and transmit them to the host computer 500. A sign-on command (SN,X) indicates to the host computer that a new user has logged in. The X is a 6-character identification number, or password, which may be associated with specific access privileges. The host computer 500 responds with a message such as PASSWORD NOT FOUND which is displayed on the CRT 9 if a mistake is made in the 6-character identification number. Otherwise, a blank is transmitted to the numerical control system by the host computer 500. A sign-off command (SF) notifies the host computer 500 that the current user has logged out. A blank is sent back by the host computer 500 as an acknowledgement.

A download command is entered through the keyboard 7 and has the following format:

Ct, st, tx, file name, type of file (A, T or X)

where:

CT indicates to the numerical control system that data is to be transmitted to the host computer 500;

ST indicates to the host computer that a task is to be started;

TX indicates that the task to be performed is a download;

file name identifies the name of the program to be downloaded; and

file type indicates the file to be downloaded, A = application, or part program, T = testing or diagnostic program, X = system software package.

COMPAC does not recognize any commands other than these three even though the host computer 500 is programmed to carry out a large number of other tasks. A complete listing of COMPAC is provided in APPENDIX B using the same instruction set as the resident communications program.

Referring to FIG. 16, the host computer 500 is a 32-bit minicomputer such as the Model 7/32 manufactured by Interdata, Inc. It includes a processor 550 which has 16 32-bit general registers and which performs logical and arithmetic functions in response to program instructions. The processor 550 is coupled to a read/write memory 551 through a bidirectional bus 552. The memory stores the programs which direct the processor 550 to perform its function, including the download NC system program (DNLDNC) to be described hereinafter. A selector channel 553 also couples to the memory 551 through a bidirectional DMA bus 554. The selector channel 553 controls the transfer of data directly between the disc 507 and the memory 551. The selector channel 553 operates simultaneously with the processor 550 by stealing memory cycles to couple data between the disc 507 and memory 551. A "downward library" comprised of COMPAC, NC system software packages, testing and diagnostic programs and application programs is stored in the disc 507 and when a download command is received at processor 550, the selector channel 553 is directed to read the requested program from the disc 507 and store it in the memory 551.

The processor 550 couples to the UAR/T 502 through a bidirectional multiplexer bus 555. The UAR/T 502 is an interrupt driven I/O device and each time it receives an ASCII character or transmits an ASCII character it interrupts the operation of the processor 550. During the interrupt the processor 550 executes an interrupt service routine for the UAR/T 502 which inputs an ASCII character therefrom or outputs an ASCII character thereto. A buffer storage area within the read/write memory 551 is dedicated to the UAR/T 502 and as characters are received they are stored in this buffer until an ETX code is received. Similarly, the buffer stores data which is to be downloaded to the numerical control system, and during each interrupt by the UAR/T 502 one of the ASCII characters in this buffer is coupled to the UAR/T 502 for transmission.

The library of programs and files which may be downloaded is stored as binary data in the disc memory 507. This "download library" is compressed, with each file comprised of a plurality of records, and with each record preceded by a record length number and an absolute load address number. The last halfword of each record is the checksum number. The 16-bit binary words stored in the download library must be converted to ASCII data before they can be transmitted through UAR/Ts 502 and 8 to the numerical control system. This is accomplished by converting each 16-bit binary word into three 7-bit ASCII characters and transmitting these characters sequentially via UAR/T 502 to the numerical control system 1. The division is made as follows:

______________________________________ASCIIBIT NUMBER 6     5      4    3    2    1    0______________________________________ CHARACTER 1      1     0      B4                        B3                             B2                                  B1                                       B0CHARACTER 2      1     0      B9                        B8                             B7                                  B6                                       B5CHARACTER 3      1     B15                   B14                        B13                             B12                                  B11                                       B10______________________________________

When a download command (TX) is received from the numerical control system 1 and stored in the buffer storage area in memory 551, a download NC system program (DNLDNC) stored in the host computer memory 551 is entered and executed. Referring particularly to the flow chart of this program in FIG. 14, the identification number of the requesting machine is first received and stored as indicated by process block 545 and then the file name and file type codes are received and stored as indicated by process block 546. The machine identification number is then checked to determine whether or not the requested file can be downloaded to it. If not, as indicated by decision block 547, the system branches to a routine called OUCH which transmits an error message to the numerical control system 1 as indicated by process block 548. If the requesting machine is cleared to receive the identified file, the first record in that file is read from the disc memory 507 as indicated by process block 549 and is converted to ASCII characters as indicated by process block 550. As indicated by process block 551, the characters in the record are then sequentially transmitted to the requesting machine and a check is then made to determine whether a further request from the machine has been made. If so, as indicated by decision block 552, a "BUSY" message is transmitted to the machine as indicated by process block 553. Regardless, the system loops back to the process block 549 to read the next record from the disc 507 and transmit it to the numerical control system 1. As indicated by decision block 554, when the end of file code (ETX) is read out of the disc 507 and downloaded, the system branches back to start to await the next request. A listing of DNLDNC appears in APPENDIX C and a definition of the instructions which appear in this listing is given in "Model 7/32 Processor User's Manual" published by Interdata, Inc. in 1976.

It should be apparent that the invention has been described herein as embodied in a DNC system in which the host computer 500 is a relatively large computer system which may serve a plurality of numerical control systems on a time shared basis. The present invention may, however, be applied in other hardware configurations without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the host computer may be a commercially available microprocessor which is connected only to the single numerical control system and which is programmed to manage the files in the "download library" and download a file when requested by the numerical control system. In such a configuration the download library may be stored in devices such as UV proms or bubble memories and the microprocessor and associated download library storage device may be located adjacent to or even in the same enclosure as the numerical control system. In such case, communication links other than the UAR/Ts may be employed since industrial noise may not be as great a factor. Also, the present invention may apply to process controllers and programmable controllers as well as numerical controls.

__________________________________________________________________________APPENDIX ARESIDENT COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAMLabelInstruction         Comment__________________________________________________________________________LOAD STA MAXAD         SAVE boundary address of         resident communications program         at memory location MAXAD.CLF 00B  Disable interrupts.CLC O,C  Turn off all I/O devices.LOAD 1EQULDA DLE  Fetch constant at memory         location DLE.JSB TRANS         Jump to TRANS subroutine and         transmit constant 20 (octal).LDA VERSN         Fetch ASCII version character         from memory 34.JSB TRANS         Jump to TRANS subroutine and         transmit version character.LOAD 2EQUJSB RECEIVE         Jump to RECEIVE subroutine andSZA, RSS input word count.JMP LOAD 2ALF, ALFCMA, CLE, INA         Negate word count and storeSTA COUNT         at "COUNT."JSB RECEIVE         Input record load address.STA B    Initialize checksum in B         register.STA ADDR Store record load address at         "ADDR."LOAD 3EQULDA ADDR Check to determine whetherADA. MAXAD         downloaded program will writeSSA, RSS over resident communication         program.JMP A.ERR         If so, jump to address error         indication subroutine.JSB RECEIVE         Jump to RECEIVE subroutine         and download next word.ADB ASTA ADDR,I         Store download word in memory         34 at location indicated by ADDR.ISZ ADDR Increment memory address         stored at ADDR.ISZ COUNT         Has the last word in the         record been downloaded?JMP LOAD 3         If not, loop to LOAD 3 and         continue downloading.JSB RECEIVE         If yes, download "checksum"CPB A    number and compare with value         in B register.JMP LOAD 2         If checksums agree loop back         to LOAD 2 to download next         record.C.ERREQUSTA WORD Save contents of A register         at memory location WORD.LDA NAK  Fetch 025 (octal) stored at         memory location NAK.JSB TRANS         Transmit 025 (octal) to host         computer.LDA WORD Restore contents of A register.HLT 11B  Output "CHECKSUM ERROR" to CRT 9.JMP LOAD Loop back to restart download         procedure.A.ERREQULDA NAK  Fetch 025 (octal) stored at         memory location NAK.JSB TRANS         Transmit 025 (octal).HLT 55B  Output "ADDRESS ERROR" to CRT 9.JMP LOAD Loop back to restart download         procedure.P.ERREQULDA NAK  Fetch 025 (octal) from memory         location NAK.JSB TRANS         Transmit 025 (octal).HLT 22B  Output "PARITY ERROR" to CRT 9.JMP LOAD Loop back to restart download         procedure.F.ERREQULDA NAK  Fetch 025 (octal) from memory         location NAK.JSB TRANS         Transmit 025 (octal) to host         computer.HLT 44B  Output "FRAMING ERROR" to         CRT 9.JMP LOAD Loop back to restart download         procedure.H.ERREQUHLT 33B  Output "HOST ERROR" to CRT 9.JMP LOAD Loop back to restart download         procedure.__________________________________________________________________________BYTE SUBROUTINELabelInstructions         Comment__________________________________________________________________________BYTE NOPCLASTA LPCNT         Setup loops.STA CNTLPCLF1 CLF RS232         Enable "Interrupt."LIAl LIA RS232         Clear UAR/T receiver.RSSJMP CLF2ISZ LPCNT         Wait for "Interrupt."JMP SFS1ISZ CNTLPJMP SFS1JMP LOAD1CLF2 CLF RS232LIA2 LIA RS232         Input UAR/T status and received         character.OTA 01B  Display status and character on         CRT 9.SSA      Signal present?JMP H.ERR         If not jump to subroutine         which displays "HOST ERROR."ALF,SLA  Data received?RSSJMP SFS1 If not, loop back to SFS1.ALF,SLA  Parity error?JMP P.ERR         If yes, jump to subroutine         which displays "PARITY ERROR."RAR,SLA  Overrun or framing error?JMP F.ERR         If yes, jump to subroutine         which displays "FRAMING ERROR."RAL      Align bytes.ALF,ALF  Right justify received character.AND CHAR Isolate bits 6-0.CPA ENQ  Is the received character the         start of a message?JMP BYTE+1         If so, loop back to receive         next byte.CPA ETX  Is the character ETX?JMP 00002B         If so, jump to and begin         executing downloaded program.AND BITS Isolate bits 5-0.JMP BYTE,I         Return to receive subroutine.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________APPENDIX BCOMPAC PROGRAMLabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________BEGIN   EQU *OCRT1   JSB .020                Output "READY" message to CRT 9.   DEF *+2   JMP START   ASC 3, READY   OCT 001400START   EQU *ICRT1   JSB .120                Read in command from keyboard 7.   DEC -30BUFAD   DEF BUFER   LDA BUFER               Fetch first two CHAR in CMD "CT"   CPA =ACT                command?   RSSYes-   JMP ERRORNo-   LDA BUFAD               Fetch a (Buffer)   INA                     Skip "CT"   RAL                     Form character ADDR   STA ADDR                Save for .UPK   JSB .UPK                Fetch 3rd character   DEF ADDR   CPA =B054               Comma?   RSSYes-   JMP ERRORNo-   JSB .UPK                Fetch 4th Byte   DEF ADDR   ALF,ALF                 Swap Bytes   STA HOLD                Save for later   JSB .UPK                Fetch 5th Byte   DEF ADDR   IOR HOLD                Merge with 4th Byte   CPA =AST                Is it a "START TASK" command?   JMP STCMDYes-   CPA =ASN                Is it a "SIGN ON" command?   JMP SNCMDYes-   CPA =ASF                Is it a "SIGN OFF" command?   JMP SFCMDYes-ERROR   EQU *OCRT2   JSR .020                Output "*" to CRT 9.   DEF *+2   JMP START   OCT 025003SNCMD   EQU *SFCMD   EQU *   JSB .UPK                Fetch Byte from buffer storage   DEF ADDR   CPA ETX                 End of message?   RSSYes-   JMP *-4No-   CCA                     *   ADA ADDR                * Decrement pointer   STA ADDR                *   LDA CR                  Fetch CR   JSB .PAK                Place CR into buffer   DEF ADDR   LOA ETX                 Fetch ETX   JSB .PAK                Place ETX into buffer   DEF ADDR   LOA BUFAD               Fetch a (Buffer)   INA                     Skip 1st and 2nd Bytes   IOR SIGN                Skip 3rd Byte   STA DEF1                Save for .SEND   JSB .SEND               Send command to Host ComputerDEF1    NOP   JSB .RECV               Wait for reply from host computer   DEC -30   DEF BUFEROCRT3   JSB .020                Display reply on CRT 9   DEF BUFER   JMP START               Go read in next command from                           keyboard 7STCMD   EQU *   LDA BUFER+3             Fetch task ID code   CPA =ATX                Download task?   RSSYes-   JMP ERRORNo-   JSB .UPK                Fetch Byte from buffer   DEF ADDR   CPA ETX                 End of message?   RSSYes-   JMP *-4No-   CCA                     *   ADA ADDR                *Decrement pointer   STA ADDR                *   LDA ASIZE               Fetch a (size)   RAL                     Form character ADDR   STA POINT               Save for .UPKCOPY    EQU *   JSB .UPK                Fetch Byte of size   DEF POINT   CPA ETX                 End of size?   JMP *+4Yes-   JSB .PAK                Add size to command   DEF ADDR   JMP COPY                Loop until done   JSB .PAK                Place end of download code                           (ETX) into buffer   DEF ADDR   LDA BUFAD               Fetch a (buffer)   INA                     Skip 1st and 2nd Bytes   IOR SIGN                Skip 3rd Byte   STA DEF2                Save for .SEND   JSR .SEND               Send command to host computerDEF2    NOP   JSB .RECV               Wait for reply from host                           computer   DEC -30   DEF BUFEROCRT4   JSB .020                Display reply on CRT 9   DEF BUFER   LDA TYPE                Fetch message type code   CPA ONE                 Type "1"?   JMP STARTYes-   LDA 7B   ADA =D6   CLF 00B   CLC 0,C   JMP A,I                 JMP to LOAD 2 in resident                           communications program.PAK    NOP                     Character pack subroutine   AND =B377               Isolate character   STA CHAR                Save for later   LDA .PAK,I              Fetch a (CHAR ADDR)   LDB A,I                 Fetch a (CHAR)   ISZ A,I                 Increment CHAR ADDR   CLE,ERB                 Form word ADDR and U/L Bit   LDA B,I                 Fetch word   SEZ,RSS                 Upper or lower Byte?   ALF,ALF                 Upper - rotate   AND =B177400            Mask off lower byte   IOR CHAR                Merge in CHAR   SEZ,RSS                 Upper or lower byte?   ALF,ALF                 Upper - rotate   STA B,I                 Store in buffer   ISZ .PAK                P+2 return   JMP .PAK,I              ExitCHAR    NOP.UPK    NOP                     Character unpack subroutine   LDA .UPK,I              Fetch a (CHAR ADDR)   LDB A,I                 Fetch a (CHAR)   ISZ A,I                 Increment CHAR ADDR   CLE,ERB                 Form word ADDR and U/L Bit   LDA B,I                 Fetch word   SEZ,RSS                 Upper or lower Byte?   ALF,ALF                 Upper - rotate   AND =B377               Isolate character   ISZ .UPK                P+2 return   JMP .UPK,I              Exit.020    NOP                     CRT message output subroutine   LDA .020,I              Fetch a (buffer)   RAL                     Form character ADDR   STA ADDR                Save for later   ISZ .020                P+2   LDA =B014               Fetch "FORM FEED"   JSB OUT 20              Output it to CRT 9LOOP1   EQU *   JSB .UPK                Fetch character from buffer   DEF ADDR   CPA ETX                 End of buffer?   JMP **3Yes-   JSB OUT 20              Output CHAR to CRT 9   JMP LOOP 1              Loop unitl buffer empty   LDA =B013               Fetch "ERASE TO END OF PAGE"                           command   JSB OUT 20              Output it to CRT 9   JMP .020,I              ReturnOUT 20  NOP                     CRT character output subroutine   LIB CRT 20              Input CRT status   SSB                     CRT busy?   JMP *-2Yes-   IOR =B200               Make character bright   OTA CRT 20              Output character   AND =B177               Mask off bright bit   JMP OUT 20,I            Return.I20    NOP                     Keyboard message input sub-                           routine   DLD .I20,I              Fetch parameters   RBL                     Form character ADDR   STB HOLD                Save for test   DST COUNT               Save for later   ISZ .I20                P+2   ISZ .I20                P+3   LDA = B011              Fetch "HOME" command   JSR OUT 20              Output IT to CRT 9RD20    EQU *   JSB INP 20              Input character from keyboard 7   CPA ETX                 Message end code?   JMP ETX 20Yes-   CPA =B016               Backspace?   JMP BKSPCYes-   CPA =B020               ABS?   JMP RD20Yes-   CPA =B021               CAR?   JMP RD20Yes-   CPA =B022               DTG?   JMP RD20Yes-   CPA =B023               Offset?   JMP RD20Yes-   CPA =B077               Right arrow?   JMP RD20Yes-   CPA =B010               Up arrow?   JMP RD20Yes-   CPA =B012               Down arrow?   JMP RD20Yes-   CPA =B043               EOB?   LDA =A #Yes-   JSB OUT20               Display character on CRT 9   JSB .PAK                Place CHAR into buffer   DEF ADDR   ISZ COUNT               Buffer full?   JMP RD20No-   LDA ETX                 Fetch ETXETX20   EQU *   JSB .PAK                Place ETX into buffer   DEF ADDR   LDA =B135               Fetch right bracket   JSB OUT20               Display it   LDA =B013               Fetch "EEOP"  command   JSB OUT20               Output it to CRT 9   JMP .I20,I              ReturnBKSPC   EQU *   LDA ADDR                Fetch buffer pointer   CPA HOLD                Buffer empty?   JMP RD20Yes-   LDA =B016               Fetch "CURSOR LEFT" command   JSB OUT20               Output it to CRT 9   LDA =B040               Fetch blank   JSB OUT20               Output it to CRT 9   LDA =B016               Fetch "CURSOR LEFT" command   JSB OUT20               Output it to CRT 9   CCA                     *   ADA ADDR                * Decrement pointer   STA ADDR                *   JMP RD20INP20   NOP                     Keyboard character input                           subroutine   STC CRT20               Enable keyboard input   CLC CRT20               Disable keyboard interrupt   LIA CRT20               Input status*character   RAL   CMA,SSA                 Character in?   JMP *-3No-   RAR   AND =B177               Isolate character   JMP INP20,I             Return.SEND   NOP                     Subroutine to transmit a                           message to the host computer   LDA .SEND,I             Fetch a (buffer)   RAL                     Form character ADDR   STA HOLD                Save for later   ISZ .SEND               P+2STC1    STC RS232,C             Enable statusLIA2    LIA RS232               Clear UAR/T receiver   LDA =D-10               Fetch loop count   STA LOOP                Setup loop countSEND1   EQU *   LDA ENQ                 Fetch enquiry   JSB .OUT                Transmit it to host computer   JSB .IN                 Wait for reply   RSS                     Error   JMP SEND3               Character OKSEND2   EQU *   ISZ LOOP                Time-out   JMP SEND1               Try againOCRT5   JSB .020   DEF *+2   JMP START   ASC 9, DNC NOT RESPONDING   OCT 043403SEND3   EQU *   CPA ACK                 Acknowledge?   JMP SEND4Yes-   CPA EOT                 End of transmission?   JSB .OUTYes-   JMP SEND2No-SEND4   EQU *   LDA SOH                 Fetch SOH   STA BCC                 Initialize BCC   JSB .OUT                Transmit SOH   LDA =A C                Fetch ASCIT"C"   JSB .OUT                Transmit it to host computer   LDA STX                 Fetch STX   JSB .OUT                Transmit it to host computer   LDA HOLD                Fetch a (buffer)   STA ADDR                Save for .UPKSEND5   EQU *   JSB .UPK                Fetch character from buffer   DEF ADDR   CPA ETX                 Buffer empty?   JMP *+3Yes-   JSB .OUT                Transmit CHAR to host computer   JMP SEND5               Loop until buffer empty   JSB .OUT                Transmit ETX code to host                           computer   LDA BCC                 Fetch BCC   JSB .OUT                Transmit it to host computer   LDA =D-4                Fetch loop count   STA LOOP                Setup loop countSEND6   EQU *   JSB .IN                 Wait for reply   JMP SEND7               Error   RSS                     Character OK   JMP SEND7               Time-out   CPA ACK                 Acknowledge?   JMP SEND8Yes-   CPA NAK                 Negative acknowledge?   JMP SEND4Yes-   CPA DLE                 Data link escape?   JMP ABORTYes-SEND7   EQU *   ISZ LOOP                Give up?   RSSNo-   JMP ABORTYes-   LDA ENQ                 Fetch enquiry   JSB .OUT                Transmit it to host computer   JMP SEND6               Try againSEND8   EQU *   LDA EOT                 Fetch EOT   JSB .OUT                Transmit it to host computer   JMP .SEND,I             ReturnFAIL    EQU *                   DNC failureOCRT6   JSB .020   DEF *+2   JMP START   ASC 6, DNC FAILURE.OUT    NOP                     Subroutine to transmit a                           register contents to host                           computerCLF1    CLF RS232               *EnableLIBI    LIB RS232               *"Interrupt"   AND =B177               Isolate output ByteOTA1    OTS RS232               Transmit character   XOR BCC                 Compute new BCC   STA BCC                 Updata BCCSFS1    SFS RS232               *   JMP SFS1                *Wait for "Interrupt"CLF4    CLF RS232               *LIB2    LIB RS232               Input UAR/T status   RBL,SLB                 Line signal detect?   JMP FAILNo-   RBL SLB                 Transmitter buffer empty?   JMP .OUT,IYes-   JMP SFS1No-BCC     NOP                     Block check character.IN     NOP                     Subroutine to wait 200 ms for                           a character from host computer   LDB =D-22500            Fetch time-out countCLF2    CLF RS232               Enable "Interrupt"LIA3    LIA RS232               Clear UAR/T receiverSFS2    SFS RS232               *   JMP ISZB                *Wait for "Interrupt"CLF3    CLF RS232               *LIA1    LIA RS232               Input status+character   STA INPUT               Save status+character   SSA                     Line signal detect?   JMP. IN,INo-   ALF,SLA                 Data available?   JMP ERRCKYes-ISZB    EQU *   ISZ B                   Time-out   JMP SFS2No-   ISZ .INYes-   ISZ .IN                 P+3 Exit   JMP .IN,I               ReturnERRCK   EQU *   AND =B30000             Isolate error bits   SZA                     Any errors?   JMP .IN,IYes-   LDA INPUT               Fetch status+character   AND =B177               Isolate character   STA B                   Save character   XOR BCC                 Compute new BCC   STA BCC                 Update BCC   LDA B                   Restore character   ISZ .IN                 P+2 exit   JMP .IN,I               ReturnINPUT   NOP.RECV   NOP                     Subroutine to receive a message                           from the host computer   DLD .RECV,I             Fetch parameters   RBL                     Form character ADDR   DST HOLD                Save for later   ISZ .RECV               P+2   ISZ .RECV               P+3RECV0   EQU *   JSB .IN                 Wait for ENQ   JMP RECV0               Error   RSS                     Character OK   JMP RECV0               Time-out   CPA EOT                 End of transmission?   JMP RECV1Yes-   CPA ENQ                 Enquiry?   JMP RECV2Yes-   CPA DLE                 Data link escape?   JMP ABORTYes-   JMP RECV0               None of the aboveRECV1   EQU *   JSB .OUT                Transmit EOT code to host                           computer   JMP RECV0               Wait againRECV2   EQU *   LDA ACK                 Fetch acknowledge code   JSB .OUT                Transmit it to host computerRECV3   EQU *   JSB .IN                 Wait for SOH   JMP RECV4               Error   RSS                     Character OK   JMP ABORT               Time-out   CPA ENQ                 Enquiry?   JMP RECV2Yes-   CPA DLE                 Data link escape?   JMP ABORTYes-   CPA SOH                 Start of header?   JMP RECV6Yes-RECV4   EQU *   JSB .IN                 Wait for time-out   JMP RECV4               Error   JMP RECV4               Character OKRECV5   EQU *   LDA NAK                 Fetch negative acknowledge code   JSB .OUT                Transmit it to host computer   JMP RECV3               Wait for SOHRECV6   EQU *   DLD HOLD                Fetch parameters   DST COUNT               Copy to work area   CLA                     Clear A-REG   STA BCC                 Initialize BCC   JSB .IN                 Wait for CMD Byte   JMP RECV4               Error   RSS                     Character OK   JMP RECV5               Time-out   CPA ONE                 Type "1"?   RSSYes-   CPA TWO                 Type "2"?   RSSYes-   JMP RECV4No-   STA TYPE                Save message type   JSB .IN                 Wait for start of test code                           (STX) from host computer   JMP RECV4               Error   RSS                     Character OK   JMP RECV5               Time-out   CPA STX                 Start of text?   RSSYes-   JMP RECV4No-RECV7   EQU *   JSB .IN                 Wait for text   JMP RECV4               Error   RSS                     Character OK   JMP RECV5               Time-out   CPA ETX                 End of text?   JMP RECV8Yes-   JSB .PAK                Place CHAR into buffer   DEF ADDR   ISZ COUNT               Buffer full?   JMP RECV7No-   JMP RECV4Yes-RECV8   EQU *   JSB .PAK                Save ETX in buffer   DEF ADDR   JSB .IN                 Wait for BCC   JMP RECV4               Error   RSS                     Character OK   JMP RECV5               Time-out   LDA BCC                 Fetch BCC   SZA                     BCC correct?   JMP RECV5No-   LDA ACK                 Fetch acknowledge code   JSB .OUT                Transmit it to host computerRECV9   EQU *   JSB .IN                 Wait for reply   JMP *-3                 Error   RSS                     Character OK   JMP .RECV,I             Time-out   CPA ENQ                 Enquiry?   JMP *-7Yes-   CPA EOT                 End of transmission?   RSSYes-   JMP RECV9No-   JSB .OUT                Transmit EOT   JMP .RECV,I             ReturnABORT   EQU *                   Communications aborted   JSB .IN                 Delay one character time   LDA EOT                 Fetch EOT   JSB .OUT                Transmit itOCRT7   JSB .020   DEF *+2   JMP START   ASC 12, COMMUNICATIONS ABORTED   OCT 020003__________________________________________________________________________CONSTANTS / VARIABLESFOR COMPAC PROGRAMLabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________EOT     OCT 004                 End of transmissionENQ     OCT 005                 EnquiryDLE     OCT 020                 Data link escapeACK     OCT 006                 AcknowledgeSOH     OCT 001                 Start of headerNAK     OCT 025                 Negative acknowledgeSTX     OCT 002                 Start of textETX     OCT 003                 End of textONE     OCT 061                 ASCII "1"TWO     OCT 062                 ASCII "2"CR      OCT 015                 Carriage returnSIGN    OCT 100000              Sign bitBUFER   EQU *   ASC 10,   ASC 10,   OCT 001400   ASC 5HOLD    DEC 0,0                 Count and ADDR hold wordsCOUNT   NOP                     Byte counterADDR    NOP                     Buffer pointerTYPE    NOP                     Message typeLOOP    NOP                     Loop counterPOINT   NOP                     Buffer pointerASIZE   DEF*+1   ASC 3,,48,12   OCT 006403__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________APPENDIX CDNLDNC PROGRAMLabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________DNLDNC  RTL  R5,DNLDNCQ         Get ID number of N/C                           system from buffer   BO   EOJOB              If no more tasks, jump                           to EOJOB   NI   R5,Y`00FFFFFF`     Strip off reason code   BAL  RF,ASMACHIN        Jump to ASMACHIN sub-                           routine   L    R6,MCB,CDBF(R5)   LIS  R2,3               Search command in buffer   LIS  R3,1               from after `ST,.......`   LHI  R4,CMDBFSZ         Get buffer sizeFRSTCOMA   LB   RA,0(R6,R2)        Find first comma in                           command   CLHI RA,C`,`   BES  GETFNAME           Get file name from                           command in buffer   BXLE R2,FRSTCOMAGETFNAME   B    FNCHK              Jump to FNCHK subroutineGETTYPE AR   R2,R6   AIS  R2,1   ST   R2,ATYPE   BAL  RF,TYPECHK         Jump to TYPECHK sub-                           routine   DCX  4ATYPE   DCF  0   LH   R2,TYPE            COMPAC requested?   BNZS STO.TYPE           No - OK   LHI  R2,C`A`            Yes - Fake Type `A`STO,TYPE   STB  R2,FNTP+1          Store type and call   BAL  RF,XRFHAN          XRFHAN to determine   DAC  GET,DNC.PARM       which NC systems the                           requested file can be                           downloaded toFNTP    DB   1,0,5,4   DAC  FILENAME,0,ASG.LFD   DCF  0SRFERR  DS   2   LH   R2,XRFERR   BNZ  XRF,ERR            Error in finding                           internal name   LH   R2,TYPE            COMPAC requested?   BZ   ASGLIB             Yes - Skip assignment                           check   LH   R1,DNC.ASSI        Get machines to which                           file can be assigned   LR   R2,R5              A (MCB)   SI   R2,DNC.MCB         Subtract a (First MCB)   DH   R2,DNC.MCSZ        Get MCB number   LR   R4,R3              Quotient => R3   SRLS R4,4               HFWD offset from                           DNC.ASSI   SLLS R4,1   AR   R1,R4              Adjust DNC.ASSI offset   SLLS R4,3   SR   R3,R4              Bit offset   TBT  R3,GET(R1)         Check is prog assigned                           to machine   BNZS ASGLIB   LA   RB,NOTASGD         Send "Program not   B    SEND.TM            Assignable" message                           to NC systemASGLIB  SVC  7,ASG.LIB          Assign request for file   BAL  RF,SVCERR          to library management                           program   DCF  0,7   DAC  JMPTBL,ASG.LIB   LH   RB,TYPE            COMPAC requested?   BZS  READINDX           Yes - BR   SVC  1,ST.MSG           No, Send start message                           to NC system   BAL  RF,SVCERR   DAC  0,1,DONE+1,ST.MSGREADINDX   BAL  RF,RDLIB           Jump to RDLIB subroutineREADLIB BAL  RF,RDLIB           to read record from disc   L    R8,TRAIL           End of file flag set?   BNZS SEND,ETX           If end of file, jump to                           SEND.ETX   BAL  RF,UNLOAD          Jump to UNLOAD SUBROUTINE   B    READLIB            Loop back to read next                           record from discSEND.ETX   LA   R8,TBUF   ST   R8,DNLDMCB+4       Store start address   AIS  R8,2   ST   R8,DNLDMCB+8       Store end address   SVC  1,DNLDMCB          Send ETX,0,0 to N/C                           system   BAL  RF,SVCERR   DCF  0,1   DAC  TRAILERR,DNLDMCBDONE    LA   RB,EOJ.MSG   BAL  RF,OK.OUCH         Send END of JOB message   BS   CLOSELIB           to N/C systemTMSG    LA   RB,TRAILMSG   BAL  RF,MSG.OUCHCLOSELIB   SVC  7,DEAS.LIB         Close download library                           file   BAL  RF,SVCERR   DCF  0,7   DAC  NEXTTASK+1,DEAS.LIB   BS   NEXTTASKXRF.ERR LA   RB,XRFER.A   LA   RB,XRFER.A   BAL  RF,MSG.OUCH   BS   NEXTTASKASGERR  LA   RB,ASGMSG   BAL  RF,MSG.OUCHNEXTTASK   SVC  7,DEASSIGN         DEASSIGN MACHINE   BAL  RF,SVCERR   DCF  0,7   DAC  EOJOB.0+1,DEASSIGNEOJOB   SVC  3,0BLACKOUT   SVC  9,UDL.PWRO         Resume after power failureASGMSG  DB   C`LU ASSIGNMENT ERROR`, X`D`__________________________________________________________________________FNCHK SUBROUTINELabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________FNCHK   XR   R9,R9   AIS  R2,1   SR   R9,R2BYTECHK LB   RA,0(R6,R2)        Get file name code   CLHI RA,C`,`   BE   GETTYPE            from buffer storage,   STB  RA,FILENAME (R9,R2)   BXLE R2,BYTECHK         check to make sure it   LA   RB,IFN   BAL  RF,MSG.OUCH        has no more than 8   B    NEXTTASKIFN     DC   C`INVALID FILENAME`                           characters, then   DCX  D00   ALIGN        4                  store at "FILENAME"FILENAME   DO   3   DC   C`  `   DC   C`  `   DC   C`  `__________________________________________________________________________ASMACHIN SUBROUTINELabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________ASMACHIN   ST   RF,MCRFSAV         Save R15   ST   R5,MCBADD          Store MCB ADDR   L    R0,MCB.MFD(R5)     Load machine file                           descriptor   ST   R0,LU3FD           Store for LU- Assignment   SVC  7,ASSIGN           Assign terminal to LU-3   BAL  RF,SVCERR          Any errors?   DCF  0,7   DAC  JMPTBL,ASSIGN   L    RF,MCRFSAV         Load R 15   BR   RF                 ReturnMCRFSAV DSF  1ASSIGN  DCX  4080,3             Assign/SRW/LU-3   DCF  0LU3FD   DCF  0                  Machine file descriptor__________________________________________________________________________TYPECHK SUBROUTINELabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________TYPECHK AIS  RF,4               Align RF to fullword   NI   RF,-4   STM  RB,TYPERS          Save registers   L    RD,0(RF)   LB   RD,0(RD)           Load `TYPE` code   CLHI RD,X`C9`           Type = COMPAC?   BE   RET                Yes - Return   L    RC,MCB.AP(R5)      No - check operator                           access privilege with                           ID code in sign-on                           command   STH  RD,TYPE            Store type   CLHI RD,X`41`           Requested Type = `A`?   BNES CHKT               No - Branch operator   NI   RC,$DA             has application program                           download privilege?   BNZ  RET                Yes - Return   B    LOG.ACS            Jump to authorized accessCHKT    CLHI RD,X`54`           Requested Type - `T`?   BNES CHKX               No - BR   NI   RC,$DT             Yes - check operator                           access privilege   BNZ  RET                Operator has privilege -                           return   BS   LOG.ACS            Jump to unauthorized                           accessCHKX    CLHI RD,X`58`           Requested Type = X?   BNES LOG.TM             No - branch   NI   RC,$DX             Operator has N/C                           system program access                           privilege?   BNZS RET                Yes - returnLOG.ACS LA   RB,ACS.MSG   BS   SEND.TMLOG.TM  LA   RB,TYPEMSGSEND.TM BAL  RF,MSG.OUCH        Send Type 1 message to   B    NEXTTASK           N/C system to indicate                           download command cannot                           be executedRET     LM   RB,TYPERS          Restore registers   B    4(RF)TYPERS  DSF  5                  Register SAVEAREATYPEMSG DB   C`UNRECOGNIZABLE TYPE`,X`D`   ALIGN        4ACS.MSG DB   C`UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS`,X`D`TYPE    DCX  0__________________________________________________________________________BINARY TO ASCII CONVERSION(BTA) SUBROUTINELabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________BTA     AIS  RF,4               Align RF to fullword                           boundary   NI   RF,-4   STM  RD,BTARS           Save registers   L    RE,0(RF)           A (Binary)   LH   RE,0(RE)           Load binary value   L    RE,4(RF)           A (ASCII)   LR   RD,RE              Save binary value   SRHLS        RD,10              Get first binary part   AHI  RD,X`40`           Set (B7)=1   STB  RD,2(RF)           Store Byte   NHI  RE,1023            Mask   LR   RD,RE   SRHLS        RD,5               Get second part   AHI  RD,X`40`           Set (B7)=1   STB  RD,1(RF)           Store Byte   NHI  RE,31              Mask   AHI  RE,X`40`           Third part   STB  RE,0(RF)           Store Byte   LM   RD,BTARS           Restore registers   B    8(RF)              ReturnBTARS   DSF  3                  Register save area__________________________________________________________________________TASKQS SUBROUTINELabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________TASKQS  STM  R5,TQSRS           Save registersGETLIST RTL  R9,DNLDNCQ         Get Q request   BO   TKQ.RET            No more Q requests --                           return   EXHR R8,R9   EXBR R8,R8   NI   R9, Y`OOFFFFFF`    Strip off reason code   NHI  R8,X`FF`           Get reason code   CLHI R8,1               New request?   BE   NEWREQ             Yes - BR   CLHI R8,6               Tell Command ESCA?   BE   TELL.END   CLHI R8,8               I/O Req done?   BNE  GETLISTTKQ.RET LM   R5,TQSRS           Load registers   BR   RF                 ReturnNEWREQ  L    R5,MCBADD   LM   RE,MCB.MACH(R5)    FD of present terminal   ST   RE,TERM1   EXHR RF,RF   STH  RF,TERM2   LR   R5,R9              Log `download busy`                           message   L    R6,MCB.CDBF(R5)    CMD BUF of new terminal   LA   RB,DNLDBUSY   BAL  RF,MSG.OUCH   B    GETLISTTELL.END   L    R7,TELL.BUF+12     Send `escape` message   CI   R7,C`ESCA`   BNE  GETLISTTELL.Q  RTL  R5,DNLDNCQ   BO   TEL.END            Send `escape` message   LA   RB,TELL.BUF+12     to all leftover tasks   BAL  RF,MSG.OUCH   BS   TELL.QTEL.END LA   RB,TELL.BUF+12   L    R5,MCBADD   BAL  RF,MSG.OUCH   SVC  3,0TELL.BUF   DAC  TELL.BUF   DSF  18TQSRS   DSF  11   ALIGN        4DNLDBUSY   DC   C`**DNLDNC BUSY : `TERM1   DCF  0TERM2   DCX  0,D00*       TASK QUEUE   ALIGN        4DNLDNCQ DLIST        10__________________________________________________________________________RDLIB SUBROUTINELabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________RDLIB   STM  RE,RDRS            Save registers   SVC  1,RDPARBLK         Read record from down-                           load library into memory   BAL  RF,SVCERR   DCF  0,1   DAC  RDLIBERR,RDPARBLKRD,LDREG   LM   RE,RDRS            Restore registers   BR   RF                 ReturnTRAILER LIS  RE,1               End of file?   ST   RE,TRAIL           Yes - set end of file                           flag   BS   RD.LDREG   ALIGN        4RDPARBLK   DCX  5804,0             Read/Wait/LU-4/Status   DAC  BBUF,BBUFEND   DCF  0,0RDRS    DSF  2RDLIBERR   DAC  RD.LDREG,RD.LDREG   DCF  A(TRAILER)+Y`88000000`   DCF  A(TRAILER)+Y`90000000`,0TRAIL   DCF  0BBUF    DS   BBUFSZBBUFEND EQU  *-1__________________________________________________________________________UNLOAD SUBROUTINELabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________UNLOAD  STM  RA,ULDRS           Save registers   LI   RB,BBUFSZ          Buffersize   LA   RC,ABUF   L    RA,TEMPKNT         Get leftover count   BZ   NEWBUF             No leftover from last time   LIS  RF,0   ST   RF,TEMPKNT   LB   RE,TEMP            Leftover record length   AR   RE,RE              Byte count   AIS  RE,6               Plus 3 more half words   SR   RE,RA              Number of Bytes of left-                           over record in new buffer   SR   RB,RE              Adjust buffer Byte count   LA   RD,TEMP            First effective wordLEFTOVER   ST   RD,TBBUF   ST   RC,TABUF   BAL  RF,BTA             Call binary to ASC I                           conversion subroutine   DCX  6TBBUF   DCF  0TABUF   DCF  0   AIS  RD,2               Next binary word   AIS  RC,3               Next ASCII location   SIS  RA,2               Left over Byte count   BP   LEFTOVER   LA   RD,BBUF            A(remaining binary)   B    TRANSNEWBUF  LA   RD,BBUF            Yes - keep translateEXAMIN  LB   RE,0(RD)           Half word count   CI   RD,BBUFEND         End of binary buffer?   BP   ULDLR              Yes - Return   AR   RE,RE              Byte count of record                           length   BNZS GOTCOUNT           Got Byte count   AIS  RD,2               Else skip gap   SIS  RB,2               Adjust binary buffer                           pointer   LH   RE,0(RD)           Make sure it not end                           of PGM   BZ   ULDLR              End of PGM - return   BS   EXAMINGOTCOUNT   AIS  RE,6               Incl Byte-count, load                           ADDR & CHKSUM   LA   RC,ABUF            Start of ASCII bufr   SR   RB,RE              Enough space for 1 record?   BM   STORTEMP           No - BRTRANS   ST   RD,ABBUF   ST   RC,AABUF   BAL  RF,BTA   DCX  6ABBUF   DCF  0AABUF   DCF  0   AIS  RD,2   AIS  RC,3   SIS  RE,2   BP   TRANS   ST   RC,ASCIIO          Tag 3 ASCII 0's   BAL  RF,BTA   DCX  6   DAC  Binary0ASCIIO  DAC  0   AIS  RC,2   ST   RC,DNLDMCB+8       End of ASCII record   SVC  1,DNLDMCB          Transmit to N/C system                           (LU-3)   LB   R1,DNLDMCB+2       Status = `CA`?   CLHI R1,X`CA`   BE   SEND.ERR           Yes - error   BAL  RF,SVCERR   DCF  0,1   DAC  SEND.ERR+1, DNLDMCB   BAL  RF,TASKQS          Check on TASK Queue   B    EXAMINSTORTEMP   AR   RB,RE              Store leftover record to   ST   RB,TEMPKNT         a temporary storage area   LA   RC,TEMP   XR   RF,RFSTLFTVR LH   RE,0(RD,RF)   STH  RE,0(RC,RF)   AIS  RF,2   CR   RB,RF   BPS  STLFTVRULDLR   LM   LA,ULDRS   BR   RF                 ReturnSEND.ERR   LA   RB,MSG.ABRT        Send Abort MSG   BAL  RF, MSG.OUCH   B    NEXTTASKULDRS   DSF  6TEMPKNT DCF  0TEMP    DS   BBUFSZ   ALIGN        4ABUF    DS   ABUFSZ   ALIGN        4DNLDMCB DCX  2903,0             Write/Wait/Image/LU-3;                           status   DAC  ABUF,0,0,0MSG.ABRT   DB   C`DNLDNC ABORTS`,X`D`__________________________________________________________________________MSG.OUCH SUBROUTINELabel   Instruction             Comment__________________________________________________________________________MSG.OUCH   LH1  RO,X`31`           Type 1 MSG   BS   STOREPBOK.OUCH LHI  R0,X`32`           Type 2 MSGSTOREPB STB  R0,-1(R6)          Store page Byte   LR   RC,R6              A(MCB.CDBF)   SVC  2,MOVE             Move message to be sent                           to buffer storage   LHI  R0,X`D`            Add carriage return                           character   STB  R0,0(RC)   ST   R5,NEXTQ           A(MCB)   SVC  6,SEND.MSG         Transmit message to                           N/C system   BR   RF                 Return   ALIGN        4MOVE    DCX  C012,BOC   DAC  ENDSTRNGENDSTRNG   DCX  10D   ALIGN        4SEND.MSG   DC   C`OUCH `   DC   SFUN.DOM+SFUN.QM   DB   0,0,0SENDSTAT   DB   0   DCFNEXTQ   DCF  0   DCF  0,0,0__________________________________________________________________________CONSTANTS & VARIABLESFOR DNLDNC PROGRAM                  Comment__________________________________________________________________________TSKCOM COMNDNC.PARM  DS    4         $PARM PART# field definitions                  ADDRDNC.CDMN  DS    4         External command mnemonic                  table ADDRDNC.CDID  DS    4         Internal command mnemonic                  table ADDRDNC.TKMN  DS    4         External task ID table ADDRDNC.TKID  DS    4         Internal task ID table ADDRDNC.VMT  DS    4         Volume mnemonic table ADDRDNC.SVOL  DS    4         System volume VMT ADDRDNC.VDTA  DS    4         Volume definition table                  ADDR (Active L)DNC.OUCH  DS    4         Ouch task Q ADDR (Also Online                  Q)DNC.TASK  DS    4         Terminal task-use tableDNC.XGET  DS    8         Xrfhan SVC 2 get storage                  ParblkDNC.XFSZ  DS    2         XRFSIZ $XREF Entry size  DS    2DNC.ASSI  DS    2         .ASSI Assignments Offset  DS    2DNC.DATE  DS    2         .DATE Date offset  DS    2DNC.XTRN  DS    2         .EXTRN EXT PART# Offset  DS    2DNC.FMT  DS    2         .FMT Format Offset  DS    2DNC.NTRN  DS    2         .INTRN INT PART# Offset  DS    2DNC.OPTI  DS    2         .OPTI Options Offset  DS    2DNC.SIZE  DS    2         .SIZE Footage Offset  DS    2DNC.TIME  DS    2         .TIME Time Offset  DS    2DNC.TRNS  DS    2         .TRANS Transparent Offset  DS    2DNC.NMSZ  DS    2         NAMSIZ EXTERNAL PART# SizeDNC.IXLN  DS    2         IDXLIN Index line lengthDNC.PFLD  DS    2         $PFLDS # PART FieldsDNC.TFLD  DS    2         $TFLDS # TRANS FieldsDNC.NMAC  DS    2         $NMACH # MACHINESDNC.SYOP  DS    2         SYSOPT SYSTEM OPTIONSDNC.EN DS    2         EN Endtask MnemonicDNC.MCSZ  DS    2         MCB Size (Bytes)DNC.EXP  DS    152DNC.MCB  DS    0         MCBTAB Start  ENDS* DNC.OPTI* XRF ENTRY PART PROGRAM OPTIONS* BIT EQU'S ASSUME OPTION BYTE OCCUPIES LSB OF HALFWORD (BITS8-15)*DOPT.LTB  EQU   9DOPT.LTM  EQU   X`40`     Set=Trailing;Reset=LeadingDOPT.DPB  EQU   8DOPT.DPM  EQU   X`80`     Set=Production; Reset=                  Development** DNC.SYOP* DNC SYSTEM OPTIONS*DSYO.DBB  EQU   15DSYO.DBM  EQU   X`0001`DSYO.SDB  EQU   1DSYO.SDM  EQU   X`4000`   Set= SchedulingDSYO.SCB  EQU   0DSYO.SCM  EQU   X`8000`   Set=Security*      A(DNC.MCB)+MCB*MACHINE#=ADDRESS OF MACHINE'S MCBMCB    STRUCMCB.MACH  DS    6         $MACH Machine ID'SMCB.LMN  DS    2         Logical Machine #MCB.MFD  DS    4         Machine file descriptorMCB.OPTI  DS    2         $OPTI OptionsMCB.STAT  DS    2         $MSTAT Status*BEGIN OUCH SVC1 PARBLK  DS    4         MCB ADDR (CDPB-4)MCB.CDPB  DS    4         OUCH SVC1 PARBLKMCB.CDBF  DS    4         Command Buffer Start ADDR  DS    16        Balance of PARBLK* END OUCH SVC1 PARBLK* BEGIN PPCT SVC4 PARBLKMCB.CMPB  DS    4         PPCT SVC4 PARBLKMCB.FQ DS    4         $FQ FULL QUEUE ADDRMCB.MTQ  DS    4         $MTQ EMPTY QUEUE ADDRMCB.DSEL  DS    1         DEVSEL Device Select,ASCII,                  "N","B", ETC.  DS    3         Balance of PARBLK* END PPCT SVC4 PARBLKMCB.CMBF  DS    4         $ABUFF ADDR of 1st COMBUFMCB.CMSZ  DS    1         $BUFSZ #SECTORS/COMBUFMCB.CMNB  DS    1         $NBUFF #COMBUFS/MACHINE  DS    2         FillerMCB.EXNM  DS    4         $EXTNM EXTERNAL PART # ADDRMCB.MPAT  DS    4         $MPAT MACHINE/PROGRAM ASSIGN-                  MENT TABLMCB.PW DS    8         PWTAB PASSWORD CURRENTMCB.AP DS    4         APTBL ACCESS PRIVILEGES CURRENTMCB.APD  DS    4         APDFLT ACCESS DEFAULT  ENDS** MCB.STAT* DNC TERMINAL STATUS*MSTA.LTB  EQU   9SFUN.DMS  EQU   Y`C0000000`                  Direction: SelfSFUN.ECM  EQU   Y`10000000`                  End Task: CancelSFUN.EDM  EQU   Y`20000000`                  End Task: DeleteSFUN.LM  EQU   Y`2000000`                  LoadSFUN.LB  EQU   6SFUN.HM  EQU   Y`00800000`                  Task ResidentSFUN.HB  EQU   8SFUN.SM  EQU   Y`00400000`                  Suspend ExecutionSFUN.SB  EQU   9SFUN.MM  EQU   Y`00100000`                  Send MessageSFUN.MB  EQU   11SFUN.QM  EQU   Y`80000`  Queue ParameterSFUN.QB  EQU   12SFUN.PM  EQU   Y`40000`  Change PrioritySFUN.PB  EQU   13SFUN.OM  EQU   Y`8000`   Connect Device to Called TaskSFUN.OB  EQU   16SFUN.TM  EQU   Y`4000`   ThawSFUN.TB  EQU   17SFUN.IM  EQU   Y`2000`   SintSFUN.IB  EQU   18SFUN.FM  EQU   Y`1000`   FreezeSFUN.FB  EQU   19SFUN.UM  EQU   Y`800`    UnconnectSFUN.UB  EQU   20SFUN.RM  EQU   Y`00000080`                  ReleaseSFUN.RB  EQU   24SFUN.NM  EQU   Y`00000040`                  Task Non-residentSFUN.NB  EQU   25SFUN.SIM  EQU   Y`2`      Start ImmediatelySFUN.SDM  EQU   Y`4`      Delay Start  ENDS*R0     EQU   0R1     EQU   1R2     EQU   2R3     EQU   3R4     EQU   4MSTA.LTM  EQU   X`40`     Set=Trailing; Reset=LeadingMSTA.ALB  EQU   4         Set= P.P. File AllocatedMSTA.ALM  EQU   X`800`    Set= P.P. File AllocatedMSTA.OLB  EQU   3MSTA.OLM  EQU   X`1000`   Set=Online; Reset=OfflineMSTA.ABB  EQU   2MSTA.ABM  EQU   X`2000`   Set=AbortedMSTA.ACB  EQU   1MSTA.ACM  EQU   X`4000`   Set=ActiveMSTA.ASB  EQU   0MSTA.ASM  EQU   X`8000`   Set=Assigned**MCB.OPTI*DNC TERMINAL OPTIONS*MOPT.MIB  EQU   15MOPT.MIM  EQU   1         Set=Management InformationMOPT.PDB  EQU   14MOPT.PDM  EQU   2         Set=Permanent Default J  COPY  SVC6.SVC6.  STRUCSVC6.ID  DS    8         TASKIDSVC6.FUN  DS    4         FunctionSUC6.TST  DS    2         Task StatusSVC6.STA  DS    2         Error Pointer & CodeSVC6.LU  DS    1         Load LUSVC6.PRI  DS    1         Priority to be SetSVC6.RPI  DS    1         Return Priority  DS    1         ReservedSVC6.SAD  DS    4         Start AddressSVC6.TIM  DS    4         Time Type & Delay TimeSVC6.DMN  DS    4         Device MnemonicSVC6.PAR  DS    4         Parameter (High Byte must                  be Zero)SVC6.MSG  DS    4         A(Mess Buff)  DS    2*4       Reserved  ENDSSFUN.  STRUCSFUN.DOM  EQU   Y`80000000`                  Direction: Other TasksR5     EQU   5R6     EQU   6R7     EQU   7R8     EQU   8R9     EQU   9RA     EQU   10RB     EQU   11RC     EQU   12RD     EQU   13RE     EQU   14RF     EQU   15  COPY  UDLUDL    STRUCUDL.CTOP  DS    4         CTOPUDL.UTOP  DS    4         UTOPUDL.UBOT  DS    4         UBOT  DS    4         ReservedUDL.TSKQ  DS    4         A(TASK QUEUE)UDL.STKQ  DS    4         A(SUBTASK QUEUE)UDL.MSGR  DS    4         A(MESSAGE RING)UDL.SV14  DS    4         A(SVC 14 ARG)  DS    16        ReservedUDL.PWRO  DS    8         Power restoration old TSWUDL.PWRN  DS    8         Power restoration new TSWUDL.ARFO  DS    8         Arithmetic fault old TSWUDL.AFRN  DS    8         Arithmetic fault new TSWUDL.SUBO  DS    8         Subtask Queue service old TSWUDL.SUBN  DS    8         Subtask Queue service new TSWUDL.S14O  DS    8         SVC 14 old TSWUDL.S14N  DS    8         SVC 14 new TSWUDL.TSKO  DS    8         Task Queue service old TSWUDL.TSKN  DS    8         Task Queue service new TSWUDL.MAFO  DS    8         Memory access fault old TSWUDL.MAFN  DS    8         Memory access fault new TSWUDL.IITO  DS    8         Illegal instruction old TSWUDL.IITN  DS    8         Illegal instruction new TSW  DS    16*2      ReservedUDL.AIDS  DS    64        Reserved for aids  ENDSTSW.WTM  EQU   Y`80000000`                  Trap WaitTSW.WTB  EQU   0TSW.PWRM  EQU   Y`40000000`                  Power Restoration Trap                  EnableTSW.PWRB  EQU   1TSW.AFM  EQU   Y`20000000`                  Arith Fault Trap EnableTSW.AFB  EQU   2TSW.S14M  EQU   Y`10000000`                  SVC 14 Trap EnableTSW.S14B  EQU   3TSW.TSKM  EQU   Y`8000000`                  Task Queue Service Trap                  EnableTSW.TSKB  EQU   4TSW.MAFM  EQU   Y`4000000`                  Memory Access Fault Trap                  EnableTSW.MAFB  EQU   5TSW.IITM  EQU   Y`2000000`                  Illegal Instruction Trap                  EnableTSW.IITB  EQU   6TSW.SUBM  EQU   Y`1000000`                  Subtask Status Change Trap                  EnableTSW.SUBB  EQU   7TSW.NRLM  EQU   Y`800000` Non-RollableTSW.NRLB  EQU   8TSW.DIQM  EQU   Y`8000`   Queue Entry Device InterruptTSW.DIQB  EQU   16TSW.TCM  EQU   Y`4000`   Queue Entry Task CallTSW.TCB  EQU   17TSW.LMM  EQU   Y`2000`   Queue Entry Subtask Log                  MessageTSW.LMB  EQU   18TSW.PMM  EQU   Y`1000`   Queue Entry Peer Task MessageTSW.PMB  EQU   19TSW.STM  EQU   Y`800`    Queue Entry Supertask MessageTSW.STB  EQU   20TSW.IOM  EQU   Y`400`    Queue Entry I/O Proceed                  TerminationTSW.IOB  EQU   21TSW.TMCM  EQU   Y`200`    Queue Entry Timeout CompletionTSW.TMCB  EQU   22TSW.ITM  EQU   Y`100`    ITAM BitTSW.ITB  EQU   23TSW.SSM  EQU   Y`80`     Queue Entry Subtask Status                  ChangeTSW.SSB  EQU   24TSW.LOC  EQU   4         Displacement of LOC Fullword$DX    EQU   32768     Download EXEC Tape Access$DA    EQU   16384     Download Application Tape                  Access$DT    EQU   8192      Download Testing Tape AccessCMDBFSZ  EQU   64ABUFSZ EQU   200BBUFSZ EQU   126__________________________________________________________________________