最新美国发明专利第2010-06-29期 - 专利汇|PatentHub专利检索|专利查询网|发明专利查询分析

Document	Document Title
US07746529B2	MEMS display apparatus This invention relates to display apparatuses having an array of light modulators and a plurality of spacers distributed within the interior of the array. The display apparatus may also include a reflective aperture layer disposed on a front facing surface of a substrate included in the display apparatus.
US07746525B2	Automatic scanning method and apparatus and computer-readable storage medium A method performed in a scanning apparatus of scanning a document, including: determining whether an event required for scanning of the document has occurred; and driving the scanning apparatus and scanning the document when it is determined that the event has occurred.
US07746520B2	Document illuminator A document illuminator comprising a light-transmissive element having an embedded side emitting LED fitted in a cavity formed therein. The light-transmissive element is formed with one or more optical notches and is totally encased in a white surround to yield total internal reflection of the light rays emanating from the LED. The reflected light rays are collected at an aperture which in turn transmits high power and highly uniform illumination profile to illuminate a document.
US07746519B2	Method and device for scanning images In a method or system for scanning a source image, the source image is scanned with a sensor that comprises multiple line arrays designed to detect a specific color such that a color separation of the source image to be scanned is generated by each line array. The color separations represent the source image in the form of pixels. The pixels of the different separations of the source image are at least partially offset relative to one another. The pixels of the color separations are separately filtered with multiple FIR sub-filters. The filtered pixels of the source image of the multiple color separations are summed into pixels of a target image.
US07746516B2	Image scanning An image scanning method includes pre-scanning a first document to generate a first original image according to the first document; adjusting parameter settings of the first original image to generate and store a plurality of pre-view images corresponding to different sets of parameters; pre-scanning a second document to generate a second original image according to the second document; and scanning the second document to generate a plurality of scanning images according to the different sets of parameters of the pre-view images. The parameter settings of the first original image include brightness, shadow, and contrast settings.
US07746512B2	Image arrangement for electronic album First, an image ordering rule is selected from among multiple image ordering rules that use mutually different types of image characteristic values to determine the order of arrangement of images. The image characteristic value used by the selected image ordering rule is then obtained for each of a plurality of images. The order of arrangement of a plurality of images is determined based on the selected image ordering rule and the image characteristic values for a plurality of images. Furthermore, the number of images to be placed on each page is determined based on the maximum number of images that can be included in each page of the electronic album. Finally, an electronic album in which a plurality of images are laid out on multiple pages in sequential order is created in accordance with the order of arrangement of a plurality of images and the number of images to be placed on each page.
US07746511B2	Scan head rotation at different optimum angles A scan head adjustable for optimum ergonomic scan angles. The scan head can be rotated according to a user's preferred mode such that the angle of the scan engine can be mechanically adjusted to give the optimum angle for its use. In support thereof, a cam provides sufficient action to give the optimum angle. A rotating cam pin is utilized through the cam path in accordance with a predetermined height that adjusts to specific angles of the scan engine.
US07746509B2	Method for removing defects in scanned images A method for removing show-through defects in scanned document images is provided by adjusting the scanner's image sensor calibration gain in the area of a drive roll gap. The method will also compensate for drive roll contamination. The invention uses a modified calibration scheme in conjunction with a document transmission sensor in the document handler to measure radiant energy transmitted through the document, i.e., transmission. The scanner adjusts the calibration gain factors to simulate a uniform background with knowledge of the gap and the input document's transmission thus a uniform scanner response is determined and presented to the image processing. A device for carrying out the method is also provided.
US07746507B2	Image processing apparatus for image retrieval and control method therefor Even if a margin area, which did not exist in an original image, is present around a document area in a document acquired by printing the original image, an accurate layout comparison between the scanned image of the printed document and the original image can be performed as follows. An original image serving as a comparison target image is input, and block information about a block included in the original image is extracted. It is determined whether the size of the original image is a predetermined size. When the size is not a predetermined size, block information about the block included in the original image mapped to a predetermined size is created and registered. When a comparison source image is input, block information about a block included in the comparison source image is extracted. Subsequently, two pieces of the block information of the comparison source and target images are compared.
US07746503B2	Method of and device for image enhancement A method of enhancing an image comprises determining whether brightness values have changed in an output screen of documents that include a text and an image, with respect to a pixel located in a predetermined edge detection region; calculating binarization data values based on each pixel brightness values of a plurality of windows that are formed by applying different samplings to the detected region, when the brightness values are changed in excess of a predetermined threshold Tha, and determining a connectivity of the calculated binarization data values with respect to each of a plurality of windows; estimating the pixel to be edge pixel when the binarization data values have a connectivity; and determining finally the estimated pixel to be an edge pixel when a number of pixels estimated as an edge is in excess of a predetermined fixed value THd, and if not, determining the estimated edge pixel as not being an edge pixel.
US07746501B2	Method and device for compressing image data A method for compressing image data includes a first step for dividing image data into predetermined areas and determining a representative value about density of pixels in each area, a second step for determining density of pixels included in each area by using the representative value of the area and an interpolation rule, a third step for determining reproducibility of an image obtained, on the basis of the density of pixels determined in the second step, by using the image data and a dither pattern that is used for a pseudo gradation process performed on the image data, and a fourth step for encoding, on the basis of the representative value determined in the first step, for areas that are determined to have a good reproducibility in the third step.
US07746487B2	Apparatus, method, and program for selecting images in a photo album For generating a photo album of an event such as wedding, images to be inserted in image insertion areas in a template of the photo album can be selected easily. A professional photographer photographs the bride and groom of a wedding. Images are read from a developed film and stored in a file server. An editing screen is displayed including a template display field having the template therein and a catalog display field having a catalog of the images therein. When an operator selects any one of the image insertion areas in the template, a condition specification information set representing a state of the image to be inserted in the selected image insertion area is referred to, and appropriate images that agree with the condition specification information set are sifted from the catalog of the images.
US07746485B2	Determining physical property of substrate A method of determining a physical property of a substrate includes recording a first spectrum obtained from a substrate, the first spectrum being obtained during a polishing process that alters a physical property of the substrate. The method includes identifying, in a database, at least one of several previously recorded spectra that is similar to the recorded first spectrum. Each of the spectra in the database has a physical property value associated therewith. The method includes generating a signal indicating that a first value of the physical property is associated with the first spectrum, the first value being determined using the physical property value associated with the identified previously recorded spectrum in the database. A system for determining a physical property of a substrate includes a polishing machine, an endpoint determining module, and a database.
US07746481B2	Method for measuring center of rotation of a nozzle of a pick and place machine using a collimated laser beam A method of measuring and storing a center of rotation of a nozzle in a pick and place machine is provided. The method includes coupling an artifact to the nozzle. A substantially collimated laser beam is directed at the artifact, which is rotated while the collimated laser beam is energized. Edges of a shadow cast by the rotating artifact are detected and used to calculate error of a coordinate of the center of rotation of the nozzle. A coordinate of the center of rotation of the nozzle is calculated based upon a previous coordinate of the center of rotation and the error. The calculated coordinate of the center of rotation is stored for subsequent measurements.
US07746475B2	Microgyroscope A new high-performance, compact microgyroscope is implemented using a microlaser such as a microsphere laser or a microdisc laser that can be easily reduced in size. The microgyroscope includes a pumping unit for inputting pumping light for optical pumping, at least one microsphere or microdisc for oscillating a laser beam by performing optical pumping using light received from the pumping unit, an output coupler for receiving the oscillated laser beam from the microsphere or microdisc, and a photodetector for calculating a beat frequency due to interference between beams output from the output coupler to measure rotation. The pumping unit and the output coupler are constructed using a tapered optical fiber.
US07746473B2	Full spectrum adaptive filtering (FSAF) for low open area endpoint detection A method for precise endpoint detection during etch processing of a substrate based on adaptive filtering of the optical emission spectrum (OES) data, even in low open area etching, is provided. Endpoint detection performed in this manner offers the benefits of increased signal-to-noise ratio and decreased computation costs and delay when compared to conventional endpoint detection techniques.
US07746469B2	Method for particle size and concentration measurement The present invention provides a system and method of particle size and concentration measurement based on providing a focused, synthesized, non-Gaussian laser beam, causing the beam to interact with the particles, measuring the interaction signal and the number of interactions per unit time of the beam with the particles, and using algorithms to map the interaction signals to the particle size and the number of interactions per unit time to the concentration. The particles are fluid borne, airborne, or on a surface and have a size ranging from sub-micron to thousands of microns. In an embodiment of the invention, the focused, synthesized, non-Gaussian laser beam is a dark beam. The measurements can be made using the duration of interaction with a scanning beam, including dark field.
US07746467B2	Frictional pivots for gravitational alignment A frictional pivot 100 for use in a device measuring gravitational alignment is provided. The frictional pivot 100 comprises a gravity-responsive directional means 200 for indicating a datum direction of alignment with gravity; frictional pivoting means 300, 400 for allowing the gravity-responsive means coarsely to align with gravity; vibration means 303, 403 for vibrating one or more elements of the pivoting means; and portable power means 303a for powering the vibration means 303, 403.
US07746462B2	Inspection systems and methods for extending the detection range of an inspection system by forcing the photodetector into the non-linear range An inspection system and method is provided herein for increasing the detection range of the inspection system. According to one embodiment, the inspection system may include a photodetector having a plurality of stages, which are adapted to convert light scattered from a specimen into an output signal, and a voltage divider network coupled for extending the detection range of the photodetector (and thus, the detection range of the inspection system) by saturating at least one of the stages. This forces the photodetector to operate in a non-linear manner. However, measurement inaccuracies are avoided by calibrating the photodetector output to remove any non-linear effects that may be created by intentionally saturating the at least one of the stages. In one example, a table of values may be generated during a calibration phase to convert the photodetector output into an actual amount of scattered light.
US07746455B2	Testing system for testing color wheels A testing system measures central angles of filter segments of a color wheel. The color wheel includes a color filter, which includes three sector-shaped filter segments and a motor for driving the filter segments to rotate. The testing system includes a sensor and a processor. The sensor emits light toward the color filter and receives light reflected back by the color filter, and generates an impulse signal according to intensity changes of the light reflected back by the color filter. The impulse signal includes a plurality of boundary impulses corresponding to boundaries formed between adjacent filter segments. The processor calculates central angles of the filter segments according to relationships between the boundary impulses.
US07746454B2	Optical fiber continuous measurement system An optical fiber continuous measurement system continually measures at least one optical property along a length of optical fiber. The system includes a rotatable body onto which a reflector is secured. The reflector is optically coupled to an end of the optical fiber, thereby allowing light propagating from the optical fiber to the reflector to be reflected back along the length of the optical fiber toward a measuring device. The property to be measured is acquired as the fiber is wound from one rotatable body to the other. The system is particularly suited for measuring attenuation, including macrobend loss in which case a localized bending mechanism is employed, along the length of the fiber.
US07746451B1	On-chip microplasma systems On-chip microplasma discharge devices capable of producing light, including ultraviolet light, capable of detecting atomic and molecular gas, and capable of detecting atomic and molecular contaminants in water samples. The on-chip microplasma discharge devices utilize nanoparticles or magnets to tune or confine microplasma discharges generated by electrodes delivering a voltage to the device. Selective control of the gaseous pressure at a value between atmospheric pressure and a vacuum pressure allows for further refinement of gas or contaminant detection, or for further tuning of the wavelength of the light to be produced.
US07746449B2	Light detection and ranging system A light detection and ranging system includes a mirror unit rotating around a scan axis. The mirror unit includes a receiving portion and a transmitting portion offset by an angle about the scan axis relative to a surface plane of the receiving portion. Respective centroids of the receiving and transmitting portions are positioned at a common point on the scan axis while the receiving and transmitting portions rotate around the scan axis. A transmitter transmits a light pulse toward the mirror unit. The transmitting portion is positioned to reflect the light pulse toward a target. A receiver is positioned to reflect the light pulse reflected from the target toward the receiver. The angle offset compensates for a change between a cone of illumination of the transmitting portion and a field-of-view of the receiving portion resulting from the rotation of the mirror unit.
US07746444B2	Array substrate, liquid crystal display device having the same, and manufacturing method thereof Provided is an array substrate, an LCD device having the same, and a manufacturing method thereof using IPP. The method includes forming a gate line and a gate electrode on a substrate using a first mold, forming a gate insulating layer over the substrate and the gate line, forming a first plane layer on first portions of the gate insulating layer, forming a semiconductor layer on second portions of the gate insulating layer using a second mold, forming a second plane layer over the first plane layer, forming a data line on the second plane layer and a source electrode and a drain electrode on the semiconductor layer using a third mold, forming a passivation layer having a contact hole using a fourth mold, and forming a pixel electrode on the passivation layer using a fifth mold, the pixel electrode electrically connected to the drain electrode via the contact hole.
US07746435B2	Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display apparatus To provide a liquid crystal panel suitable for a liquid crystal display apparatus and capable of providing colorless neutral displays in all directions, and a liquid crystal display apparatus using the liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal panel of the present invention includes: a liquid crystal cell; a first polarizer arranged on one side of the liquid crystal cell; a first birefringent layer arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizer; a second polarizer arranged on another side of the liquid crystal cell; and a second birefringent layer arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer; in which: the first birefringent layer has a relationship of 1nz.
US07746431B2	Dual mode display A dual mode Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) capable of functioning in a dual mode, a monochrome reflective mode and a color transmissive mode. The present invention provides an LCD with color filters only over the transmissive part of a pixel, enabling readability in the ambient light. Yet another aspect of the present invention is the elimination of the black matrix mask used typically in color filter creation. Additionally, the present invention provides diagonal pixels to improve the resolution of the LCD in the color transmissive mode. Further, an aspect of the present invention enables the light to switch between two colors, while a third color (typically green) is always on, thereby, decreasing the required frame rate of the LCD, when used in the hybrid field sequential approach. Yet another aspect of the present invention is to create colors from the backlight, eliminating the need for color filters. Yet another aspect of the present invention is use of color filters over only the green pixels, eliminating the need for using additional masks for making the color filter array.
US07746430B2	Reflective liquid crystal display device of lamination type wherein the difference in orientation regulating force results whether or not the orientation film is present A high-contrast reflective liquid crystal display device of a lamination type in which scattering in the focal conic state of cholesteric liquid crystal has been reduced is described. The reflective liquid crystal display device has two or more laminated liquid crystal panels respectively having a liquid crystal layer of the cholesteric liquid crystal having different selective reflection wavelengths and the liquid crystal panel having a liquid crystal layer into which the liquid crystal having a longer selective reflection wavelength has been implanted has a smaller orientation regulating force of the liquid crystal layer applied to the panel.
US07746425B2	Polarizing optical device, liquid crystal display using the same and method of making the same A polarizing optical device has first and second major surfaces. The polarizing optical device is provided at the first major surface thereof with extrafine structures made of a metal and arranged in a specific direction. The extrafine metal structures are provided at surfaces thereof with a metal compound part, the metal compound part being formed by performing surface treatment on the surfaces of the extrafine metal structures. When light is incident from the first major surface side, light polarized in a direction parallel to the specific direction is absorbed, and light polarized in a direction perpendicular to the specific direction is transmitted. When light is incident from the second major surface side, light polarized in the direction parallel to the specific direction is reflected, and light polarized in the direction perpendicular to the specific direction is transmitted.
US07746424B2	High luminance polarizing plate, and liquid crystal panel and image display using same A high-brightness polarizing plate of the present invention comprises a polarizing plate that comprises a polarizer and a protective film prepared on one or both sides of the polarizer, a brightness enhancement film and an adhesive layer through which the polarizing plate and the brightness enhancement film are laminated with the protective film interposed between them, wherein the protective film has an in-plane retardation Re of 0 to 10 nm and a thickness-direction retardation Rth of −30 to 10 nm, wherein Re=(nx−ny)d and Rth={(nx+ny)/(2−nz)}d. The high-brightness polarizing plate has a small color shift, and can be applied to various image displays such as liquid crystal displays.
US07746421B2	Optical element, light condensation backlight system, and liquid crystal display An optical element comprising: a polarizing element (A), separating incident light into polarization to then emit light, and made of a cholesteric liquid crystal, and a linearly polarized light reflection polarizer (B) transmitting linearly polarized light with one polarization axis and selectively reflecting linearly polarized light with the other polarization axis perpendicular to the one polarization axis, wherein the polarizing element (A) has a distortion rate with respect to emitting light to incident light in the normal direction of 0.5 or more and a distortion rate with respect to emitting light to incident light at an angle inclined from the normal direction by 60 degrees or more of 0.2 or less, the polarizing element (A) has a function increasing a linearly polarized light component of emitting light as incidence angle is larger; is capable of condensation and collimation of incident light from a light source and capable of suppressing transmission of light in an arbitrary direction.
US07746418B2	Conductive thin film and thin film transistor To provide an inexpensive and flexible conductive thin film which is excellent in carrier mobility and electric conductivity and which is formed by highly orienting nanotube or an electronic functional organic material by simple and convenient means, as well as a thin film transistor using the conductive thin film.A conductive thin film (1) is formed by mixing a first material (5) having electric conductivity or semiconductivity and a second material (6) to prepare a mixture and orienting the mixture by utilizing liquid crystallinity thereof.
US07746416B2	Pixel array substrate having storage capacitances that vary along a scan line A display device has a pixel array substrate that contains a support substrate and a plurality of pixel areas arranged on the support substrate. Each pixel area contains a pixel electrode and a capacitor electrode. Scan lines and common lines are also provided, where each common line has portions provided in respective pixel areas. Each pixel area has a storage capacitance defined by an overlapping area between a respective capacitor electrode and a respective one of a scan line and common line, where the storage capacitances of pixel areas along each scan line varies along the scan line.
US07746414B2	Illumination system eliminating laser speckle and projection TV employing the same Provided are an illumination system, a projection TV employing the illumination system, and a projection method. The illumination system includes: a laser light source which emits a plurality of laser beams including beamlets along different optical axes; and a diffractive optical element which spatially averages the laser beamlets by superimposing the laser beamlets to remove speckles of the laser beamlets and which shapes each of the laser beamlets.
US07746413B2	Operation screen controlling method, operation screen controlling program, and display device A controlling method of an operation screen for operations of a remote control device, includes the steps of acquiring an attribute of a remote control device, and determining an operation form corresponding to the remote control device from among a plurality of operation forms previously stored based on the acquired attribute of the remote control device. An additional step includes displaying an operation screen related to the determined operation form displayed.
US07746412B2	Highly integrated television tuner on a single microcircuit A broadband integrated receiver for receiving input signals and outputting composite video and audio signals is disclosed. The receiver employs an up-conversion mixer and a down-conversion mixer in series to produce an intermediate signal. An intermediate filter between the mixers performs coarse channel selection. The down-conversion mixer may be an image rejection mixer to provide additional filtering.
US07746409B2	Mobile telephone device A flash memory in a memory (9) connected to a baseband chip (3) stores related information on an image/sound in a telephone mode (contrast information, screen luminance information, and sound volume information in the telephone mode), and related information on an image/sound in a television-viewing mode (contrast information, screen luminance information, and sound volume information in the television-viewing mode). In the telephone mode, a display device (6) and a speaker unit (7) are driven based on the related information on the image/sound in the telephone mode. In the television-viewing mode, the display device (6) and the speaker unit (7) are driven based on the related information on the image/sound in the television-viewing mode.
US07746403B2	Image capturing apparatus having a plurality of focus detention devices and control method therefor This invention allows focus detection devices to be smoothly and quickly switched even if different image capturing frame counts or image capturing field counts are set in accordance with image capturing purposes. An AF system selection unit switches focus detection methods based on a direct distance measurement AF unit and captured signal AF detection unit in accordance with the frame count or field count of a captured signal.
US07746402B2	Image sensing device having a fiber optic block tilted with respect to a light receiving surface thereof A fiber optical block 110 having a light outputting end face 112 which is tilted at a predetermined angle θ of an acute angle with respect to the optical axes of optical fibers 113 and a solid-state image pickup device 210 are provided, and the fiber optical block 110 is arranged so that, in terms of a light-receiving surface 212e, the optical axes of the optical fibers 113 are tilted at the predetermined angle θ toward a first side 212a out of four sides 212a-212d. And, in the solid-state image pickup device 210, each of a plurality of electrode pads 211 is provided on two outer peripheral portions 210b and 210d adjacent to the first outer peripheral portion 210a. Thus, an image sensing device which can favorably combine both the electrode pads and connection wires of the solid-state image pickup device and the fiber optical block tilted with respect to the light receiving surface can be realized.
US07746400B2	Method, apparatus, and system providing multi-column shared readout for imagers An imager and method of operating an imager employing multi-column shared readout circuitry. Columns of a pixel array are organized into groups, each group having a respective multi-column shared readout circuit. The columns of each group are readout serially but in parallel with the columns of other groups. Each multi-column shared readout circuit may comprise a black level correction clamp, a multi-column analog gain amplifier, a analog-to-digital converter, a digital offset correction block, and a digital gain calibration block. A single-column analog gain amplifier may amplify an analog pixel signal value of each column prior to processing by a respective multi-column shared readout circuit.
US07746393B2	Image signal processor and deficient pixel detection method A deficiency candidate detection circuit detects a deficient pixel candidate by comparing the image signal of a target pixel with the image signals of peripheral pixels, and address information of the deficient pixel candidate is stored in a position memory circuit. A deficiency determining circuit repeats the determination of a deficient pixel a number of times based on the address information stored in the position memory circuit, and determines address information of a deficient pixel from the continuity of the determination results. A deficiency registering circuit registers the determined address information in the position memory circuit. A deficiency correction circuit corrects the image signal of the deficient pixel according to the registered address information of the deficient pixel.
US07746392B2	Image data processing technique for images taken by imaging unit The technique of the invention accurately detects a pixel defect in an image taken by an imaging device, such as a digital still camera. The image processing flow of the invention maps luminance data to respective pixels of a specified pixel array and computes a difference between the luminance data of each target pixel and an average value of the luminance data of four adjoining pixels on the top, bottom, left, and right of the target pixel. The presence or the absence of any pixel defect is detected according to the computed difference. The luminance data of an identified defective pixel detected as the pixel defect is corrected with the luminance data of adjoining pixels on the top, bottom, left, and right of the identified defective pixel.
US07746384B2	Image data recorder, image data recording method, and program An image data recorder coding a still image in accordance with a moving image coding system, and recording a still-image-converted moving image acquired by coding onto a recording medium includes: a reading unit reading out an aspect ratio set for the recording medium; a determining unit acquiring an aspect ratio of the still image, and determining whether the acquired aspect ratio is the same as the aspect ratio for the recording medium; a coding unit adding an interpolation area on the top and bottom, or left and right of the still image in accordance with the result of the determination to generate an interpolation-area-added still image whose aspect ratio matches the aspect ratio for the recording medium, and coding the interpolation-area-added still image in accordance with a moving image coding system to generate the still-image-converted moving image; and a recording unit recording the still-image-converted moving image onto the recording medium.
US07746382B2	Video processing system and method for automatic enhancement of digital video The automated video enhancement system and method includes a system and method for automatically enhancing video. The automated video enhancement method uses frame-to-frame motion estimation as the basis of the video enhancement. Motion estimation includes the computation of global motion (such as camera motion) and the computation of local motion (such as pixel motion). The automated video enhancement method includes generating global alignment transforms, generating optic flow vectors, and using these global alignment transforms and optic flow vectors to enhance the video. The invention also includes video processing and enhancement techniques that use the frame-to-frame motion estimation. These techniques include a deinterlace process, a denoise process, and a warp stabilization process that performs both damped and locked stabilization.
US07746380B2	Video surveillance system, surveillance video composition apparatus, and video surveillance server The present invention provides a video surveillance system which tracks a tracking target by a plurality of surveillance cameras. This system is capable of tracking completely the location of the tracking target even in case the camera picture is automatically changed in accordance with the moving of the tracking target. The system includes a moving direction detector for detecting the moving direction of a tracking target. Moreover, the system has storage units for storing the passage configuration of a surveillance zone and the camera location information. The system also has a camera selector for identifying a camera which will shoot the tracking target next in accordance with the moving direction information, passage configuration information and camera location information, and a screen composition unit for synthesizing on a screen a picture from a camera shooting the tracking target and a picture from a camera selected by the camera selector.
US07746373B2	Device for viewing images, such as for videoconference facilities, related system, network and method of use A device for viewing images, for example, for videoconference facilities, has a substantially continuous viewing surface having a plurality of directions of frontal observation distributed in continuous fashion in an angular field of observation. Preferably, the angular field of observation is no smaller than 180°, and in particularly preferred fashion, it is substantially equal to 360°.
US07746368B2	Medium supplying apparatus of image forming device A medium supplying apparatus of an image forming device capable of removing static electricity generating in medium supplying operation by a ground. The medium supplying apparatus includes a medium supplying cassette mounted in a main body of the image forming device, a knock-up plate disposed to be movable up and down in the medium supplying cassette by at least one elastic member and to support printing media, a pickup roller to pick up the printing media loaded on the knock-up plate, a separating unit disposed on medium supplying cassette to separate the printing media one by one when the printing media are picked up, and a ground unit to ground the knock-up plate and the separating unit to the main body.
US07746353B2	Border frame color picker An embodiment of the invention provides an apparatus and method of selecting a color for a border frame. The apparatus and method permit a selector to be placed on an object image and select a color for the border frame, based on a location of the selector on the object image.
US07746352B2	Deferred page faulting in virtual memory based sparse texture representations A virtually-addressed local texture memory stores selected regions (a sparse representation) of a texture for use by a graphics processor. The graphics processor requests a texel of the texture by referencing a virtual address of the texel. A memory interface references an address map to determine whether the requested texel is in one of the regions of the texture that is resident in the local texture memory. If so, the texel is retrieved from the local memory and used in the rendering operation; if not, an alternative texel that is resident in the local memory is retrieved and used in the rendering operation. Non-resident regions that include requested texels are retrieved from a primary texture data store at regular intervals (e.g., once per frame) and stored in local texture memory for use in a subsequent rendering operation.
US07746350B1	Cryptographic computations on general purpose graphics processing units One embodiment of the invention sets forth a computing system for performing cryptographic computations. The computing system comprises a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, and a driver. The central processing requests a cryptographic computation. In response, the driver downloads microcode to perform the cryptographic computation to the graphics processing unit and the graphics processing unit executes microcode. This offloads cryptographic computations from the CPU. As a result, cryptographic computations are performed faster and more efficiently on the GPU, freeing resources on the CPU for other tasks.
US07746349B1	Method and apparatus for display of data To display a row of characters in the VGA alphanumeric mode, the ASCII and attribute bits for all such characters are retrieved from the main memory and stored in a local cache memory. The font and unused bits that are also retrieved from the memory during the retrieval of ASCII and attribute bits are discarded. The stored ASCII and attribute bits for each such character is then used to compute the address of the associated font bits in the main memory. Next, for each character, the font bits are retrieved from the main memory using a burst read operation and using the computed address for that font. The font bits associated with all the characters in the row are stored in the local cache memory and are subsequently scanned out to be used in the display of the characters.
US07746345B2	System and method for generating an animatable character A system and method are disclosed for generating an animatable object. A skeleton of the desired character is constructed by the user utilizing various predetermined components. These predetermined components include a various selection of rods and joints. The rods are static components which remain rigid during motion, while the various joints are moveable components. A static digitized image, for example, an image of the user, is utilized and a constructed skeleton is superimposed onto it. The desired object, such as the image of the user, can then be extracted from the background of the digital image and the resulting personal character can then be animated, for instance by selecting and dragging one of the hands with a mouse.
US07746344B2	Identification of occlusions in stroke-based rendering A renderer for performing stroke-based rendering determines whether two given overlapping strokes depict an occlusion in a three-dimensional scene. The renderer may then use this information to determine whether to apply an occlusion constraint between the strokes when rendering an image or a frame from an animation. In one implementation, the renderer determines whether the two strokes together depict a single view patch of surface in the scene (i.e., a single portion of three-dimensional surface in the scene as seen from the rendering viewpoint). The renderer builds an image-space patch of surface defined from the union of the two overlapping strokes and then determines whether there exists a single three-dimensional view patch of surface that projects onto the image-space patch and that contains both strokes' three-dimensional anchor points. Which stroke occludes the other can be determined by the relative three-dimensional depth of the strokes' anchor points from the rendering viewpoint.
US07746341B2	System and method for parsing point-cloud data A method for parsing point-cloud data is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) receiving a point-cloud file from a database; (b) determining whether the point-cloud file is in a first format or a second format; (c) opening the point-cloud file in a binary data mode and transforming the binary data to predetermined readable data to be stored as a temporary file, and setting the temporary file as a target point-cloud file if the point-cloud file is in the second format, otherwise, if the point-cloud file is in the first format, setting the first format point-cloud file as the target point-cloud file; and (d) parsing point-cloud data in the target point-cloud file into a predetermined data structure. A related system is also provided.
US07746340B2	Method and apparatus for generating a 2D image having pixels corresponding to voxels of a 3D image Disclosed is a method and apparatus for generating a two dimensional (2D) image of a structure (e.g., an organ) that has at least one pixel corresponding to at least one voxel of a three dimensional (3D) image of the structure. First, the surface of the structure in the 3D image is modeled by a geometrical volume such as an ellipsoid. Next, normal maximum intensity projection (MIP) rays are cast (i.e., projected) for voxels of the geometrical volume. The 2D image is then generated using the rays. The 2D image has at least one pixel that corresponds to at least one voxel of the 3D image.
US07746339B2	System and method for automatic detection of dental features Systems and methods for automatic detection of dental features, such as cusps, ridges, and grooves, are disclosed. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a computer-implemented system and method for automatic detection of dental features for an occlusal surface of a patient's tooth comprises receiving three dimensional data for the tooth's occlusal surface, projecting the three dimensional data into a two dimensional plane, forming a height map from the projected three dimensional data, and detecting a set of points from the height map.
US07746329B2	Display apparatus and a method of controlling the same A display apparatus include a connector, a readable/writable EDID storage to store EDID, and a controller to control the EDID storage to be write-protected from error data transmitted from a computer through the connector. With this configuration, the display apparatus and a method of controlling the same can prevent error data from being stored in an EDID storage.
US07746328B2	Display driving circuit and a display apparatus using the display driving circuit and the method thereof A display driving circuit including a color correction unit and a driving unit is provided. The color correction unit receives a digital video signal and a polarity signal, and outputs a color corrected video signal according to the received digital video signal and the polarity signal, wherein the polarity signal represents the polarity of the driving polarity applied on the display apparatus. The driving unit receives a color corrected video signal and accordingly has the received color corrected video signal converted into an analog driving voltage. The display apparatus displays the frame on the display panel according to the received analog driving voltage.
US07746327B2	Remote-control switch A remote-control switch in which finger dirt can be infallibly prevented from adhering to a display unit. A remote touch pad 4 capable of performing selection operation is provided separately from a navigation body 2 and the navigation body 2 can be remote-controlled by practicing a touch input through an input panel 11. Hence, the same operating feeling as if touching a touch panel 5 can be given a user via the input panel 11, thus allowing the finger dirt to be infallibly prevented from adhering to a monitor 6 and further enabling operation excellent in usability.
US07746321B2	Easily deployable interactive direct-pointing system and presentation control system and calibration method therefor A method for controlling movement of a computer display cursor based on a point-of-aim of a pointing device within an interaction region includes projecting an image of a computer display to create the interaction region. At least one calibration point having a predetermined relation to said interaction region is established. A pointing line is directed to substantially pass through the calibration point while measuring a position of and an orientation of the pointing device. The pointing line has a predetermined relationship to said pointing device. Movement of the cursor is controlled within the interaction region using measurements of the position of and the orientation of the pointing device.
US07746319B2	Image display device The present invention provides an image display device capable of freely changing a scanning direction of an image display medium including support plates, first and second electrode groups provided at the plates and colored particles provided between the plates, including first and second electrode-driving components which receive electrode-designation signals and apply voltages to the designated electrodes in the first and second electrode groups, and which can apply voltage to plural electrodes simultaneously, a line-image-data generation component which generates line-image-data for line images to be displayed along scan electrodes in accordance with a scanning direction, and a signal-output-destination-switching component, in accordance with the scanning direction, which outputs a first electrode designation signal for designating a scan electrode of a line image and a second electrode designation signal for designating an electrode to be driven for displaying the line image, to the first electrode driving component or the second electrode driving component.
US07746314B2	Liquid crystal display and shift register unit thereof A liquid crystal display and a shift register unit thereof are provided. The shift register unit includes a first switch, a second switch, and a level shift circuit. The first switch has a first input terminal, a first control terminal, and a first output terminal. The second switch has a second input terminal, a second control terminal, and a second output terminal. The second control terminal is coupled to the first output terminal and the level shift circuit. When the first switch is enabled, the first input terminal receives an input signal converting the voltage of the second control terminal into a first voltage for turning on the second switch. The second output terminal outputs a first clock signal to a scan signal line. When the level shift circuit is enabled, the voltage of the second control terminal is converted into a second voltage for turning off the second switch.
US07746313B2	Display device employing a time-division-multiplexed driver A display device includes sub-pixels, video lines, a drive circuit and switch groups. The video lines are divided into plural blocks each composed of m video lines, m being an integer of 2 or more. The drive circuit outputs m gray scale voltages time-sequentially. Each of the switch groups corresponding to one of the blocks is composed of first to mth switches, receives the m gray scale voltages from the drive circuit, and then supplies them to the m video lines in a time-division multiplexed fashion. The mth switch is turned on last during a writing time for writing the m gray scale voltages into the sub-pixels, and Tq
US07746312B2	Circuit for generating driving voltages and liquid crystal display using the same A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels including switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines, liquid crystal capacitors and storage capacitors connected to the switching elements; a gate driver for supplying gate voltages for driving the switching elements to the gate lines; a data driver for supplying gray voltages corresponding to applied data signals to the data lines; and a driving voltage generator for boosting a voltage according to a booster clock signal and for generating the gate voltages and a common voltage based on the boosted voltage, and the booster clock signal is synchronized with the common voltage.
US07746307B2	Liquid crystal display and driving method thereof A LCD includes at least a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel with different area. Each sub-pixel displays luminance according to a positive or a negative data voltage corresponding to a grey value. When the grey values of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are equal, an average value of the positive and negative data voltages of the first sub-pixel is not equal to an average value of the positive and negative data voltages of the second sub-pixel.
US07746306B2	Display device having an improved video signal drive circuit A display device including: a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix array; a selector circuit for selecting one from a plurality of rows of pixels in said matrix array; and a video signal supplying circuit for supplying a video signal to each of pixels in said selected row in synchronism with said selection of said selected row, wherein said video signal supplying circuit is provided with a transfer-data processing section for generating a data signal at a time assigned to a gray scale level, in accordance with n-bit data information representing said gray scale level, and a gray-scale voltage selector circuit section for supplying as said video signal, a voltage signal selected from among a plurality of gray-scale voltages, based upon said time associated with said data signal, said plurality of gray-scale voltages being successively selected.
US07746305B2	Method and apparatus for driving liquid crystal display deriving modulated data using approximation The present invention discloses a method and apparatus of driving a liquid crystal display device improving a picture quality. In the method and apparatus, modulated data bands including at least two modulated data centering a gray scale being approximate to a gray scale value of source data are derived. An approximation is carried out in two directions perpendicular to each other within the modulated data bands to derive unregistered modulated data positioned between the modulated data, thereby modulating the source data.
US07746300B2	Circuit and methodology for supplying pulsed current to a load, such as a light emitting diode A circuit for controlling pulsed current to a load, one application of which is in LED dimmer circuitry, comprises first and second reference nodes for receiving a supply voltage, an input node for receiving a timing signal such as a PWM signal, and a controlled switch coupled between the first and second reference voltage nodes for supplying current to the load. Pull-up circuitry may be coupled between a control electrode of the controlled switch and first reference voltage node, and a pull-down switch coupled between the control electrode and second reference voltage node. A control circuit coupled between the input node and control electrode of the controlled switch is configured to control the controlled switch in response to the timing signal. The circuit may further include a reference voltage source configured for producing a voltage of magnitude independent of supply voltage magnitude. The control circuit is coupled to the reference voltage source and operative to control the controlled switch in response to the timing signal and reference voltage.
US07746294B2	Transflective liquid crystal display The apparatus, methods, system and devices of the present invention provides transflective LCD system structure wherein each pixel is composed of at least three reflective sub-pixels and at least one transmissive sub-pixel. The reflective sub-pixels have a color filter layer for displaying color reflective images and the transmissive sub-pixel it is driven by color sequential imaging method for displaying a color transmissive image. The configuration of the sub-pixels and the location of the sub-pixel electronics increases the aperture ratio of both transmissive sub-pixel and reflective sub-pixel to improve the image brightness and lower the overall power consumption of the device.
US07746291B2	RF reception system and integrated circuit with programmable impedance matching network and methods for use therewith An integrated circuit includes an on-chip antenna interface, coupled to an off-chip antenna interface having at least one off-chip impedance matching component, that forms a programmable impedance matching network with the at least one off-chip impedance matching component. The programmable impedance matching network is programmable based on a control signal. An RF receiver, coupled to the programmable impedance matching network, that generates inbound data in response to a received signal from the programmable impedance matching network.
US07746285B2	Wave antenna wireless communication device and method A wireless communication device coupled to a wave antenna that provides greater increased durability and impedance matching. The wave antenna is a conductor that is bent in alternating sections to form peaks and valleys. The wireless communication device is coupled to the wave antenna to provide wireless communication with other communication devices, such as an interrogation reader. The wireless communication device and wave antenna may be placed on objects, goods, or other articles of manufacture that are subject to forces such that the wave antenna may be stretched or compressed during the manufacture and/or use of such object, good or article of manufacture. The wave antenna, because of its bent structure, is capable of stretching and compressing more easily than other structures, reducing the wireless communication device's susceptibility to damage or breaks that might render the wireless communication device coupled to the wave antenna unable to properly communicate information wirelessly.
US07746282B2	Compact top-loaded, tunable fractal antenna systems for efficient ultrabroadband aircraft operation Compact top-loaded, fractal monopole antenna system embodiments are provided for multi-band airborne operation over ultrabroadband ranges (e.g., 30 to 2000 MHz). These multi-band embodiments are self-contained, aerodynamic and compact (e.g., blade height less than 9.5 inches) and are power efficient with a low return loss (e.g., less than −7 dB). System embodiments include a set of impedance-matching circuits configured to substantially match an antenna impedance to a predetermined system impedance over a set of predetermined frequency bands. In an embodiment, at least one impedance-matching circuit includes a chain of selectable air-core inductors which are novelly arranged to improve radiation efficiency and prevent damage to support substrates. In an embodiment, a lowest-frequency one of the impedance-matching circuits is configured to process signals having a maximum wavelength λmax wherein a fractal member is configured with a length that does not exceed λmax/40. System embodiments are configured to respond to a variety of existing radio systems that send commands via different encoding formats.
US07746279B2	Composite structures with integral intelligent skin Composite structures having an integral intelligent skin are made of one or more plies of a structural base material and an intelligent or smart film by molding one or more plies and the film into an integral unitary body with the intelligent film outermost. The intelligent or smart film contains or bears a functionally active or interactive component such as antennae, electronic sensors, electric and/or electronic circuitry, and/or spectrally tailored coatings. A method of making the composite structure in a very economical manner is disclosed.
US07746277B2	Plane super wide band coupling antenna A plane super wide band coupling antenna comprises an isolating substrate for installing with a metal thin film layer by printing; a first radiating portion being a metal thin film layer printed upon the isolating substrate; the first radiating portion having a coupling section and being extended with a feeding point; a second radiating portion being a metal thin film layer printed upon the isolating substrate; the second radiating portion extending from a ground portion on the isolating substrate and being a bended structure; the second radiating portion being formed with gaps with the first radiating portion; the ground portion being formed by a metal thin film layer; one end thereof being electrically connected to the second radiating portion; a signal feeding wire being a coaxial cable; and the main signal wire of the signal feeding wire being electrically connected to the feeding point of the first radiating portion.
US07746275B2	Position detecting system and position detecting server A position detecting system includes an RFID terminal configured to transmit an identification information signal by radio; a plurality of receiving devices configured to receive the identification information signal; and a position detecting server configured to receive a reception notification of the identification information signal from each of the receiving device and configured to estimate a position of the RFID terminal. The RFID terminal includes a part configured to perform radio transmission of a plurality of identification information signals having different radio strengths. The position detecting server includes a part configured to integrate the reception notifications of the identification information signals having different radio strengths and configured to estimate the position of the RFID terminal.
US07746274B2	Global positioning receiver with PN code output A local ranging system for use with GPS receivers and GPS enabled devices. A device in accordance with the present invention comprises a Radio Frequency (RF) section, the RF section adaptable to receive at least one GPS signal from at least one GPS satellite, and a baseband section, coupled to the RF section, wherein the baseband section performs calculations to determine a geoposition of the GPS receiver based on the at least one GPS signal, wherein the baseband section further comprises a Pseudo Noise (PN) output.
US07746273B2	Internet protocol based 911 system The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for initiating and handling an emergency IP request using an IP enabled device having GPS capability. The IP enabled device is monitored for one or more emergency criteria. If the emergency criteria are satisfied, global positioning data is obtained using the GPS capability and the emergency IP request is sent to an address server. The address server receives the emergency IP request, obtains local emergency services data based on the global positioning data, dials a call center station based on the local emergency services data and passes an emergency call from the IP enabled device to the call center station. This invention can be implemented as a computer program embedded in a computer readable medium wherein the steps are performed by one or more code segments.
US07746271B2	Method for determining the global position The invention relates to a method of increasing accuracy of a global position of a user receiver determined by a navigation system. The global position is corrected based on a position error determined by a mobile reference receiver and transmitted to the user receiver. The invention further relates to a corresponding apparatus.
US07746268B2	Mode S secondary surveillance radar A transmitter (13) operates in an immediate scan after an initial acquisition or detection of an altered aircraft ID by a changed flight status, to transmit to an aircraft a sequence of interrogation signals requesting an aircraft ID transmission, a verifier (17) operates upon acquisition of a reply signal including an aircraft ID transmitted from a transponder on the aircraft, to store in a memory (17a) a mode S address assigned to the aircraft and the aircraft ID in an associating manner, and upon an occurrence of a storage of aircraft IDs associated with the mode S address in the memory (17a), to determine whether or not the aircraft ID is correct, depending on whether or not the aircraft IDs have a match therein, and a report generator (18) operates upon a determination for the aircraft ID to be correct, to prepare a target report using the aircraft ID.
US07746265B2	System and method for suppressing radio frequency transmissions A system and method for suppressing radio frequency (“RF”) transmissions includes a transmitter for transmitting electronic signals that suppresses (e.g., prevents, disrupts, jams, interferes with or otherwise disables) RF transmissions. Some embodiments of the invention include a transmitter that suppresses one or more signals transmitted from a target transmitter in an RF transmission system to a target receiver in a wireless device operating in the RF transmission system to prevent, disrupt, jam, interfere with or otherwise disable an RF transmission between the target transmitter and the target receiver in the wireless device (i.e., target wireless device). These systems and methods may be used to interrupt communication, command and control of non-friendly combatant. These systems and methods may also be used to suppress RF transmissions to prevent the detonation of improvised explosive devices, or IEDs.
US07746261B2	Variable gain amplifier and D/A converter A variable gain amplifier for amplifying an input voltage at a gain defined by a binary code includes: a signal input terminal; a signal output terminal; a charge division means that accumulates a charge, divides an accumulated charge, and accumulates a divided charge; a charge cumulation means that accumulates a charge, adds or subtracts an accumulated charge with or from the divided charge in the charge division means, and accumulates a resultant charge; and a controller that initially executes to accumulate the charge corresponding to the input voltage in the charge division means, executes to accumulate the charge corresponding to the input voltage or a predetermined voltage in the charge cumulation means, executes a charge dividing operation according to each bit of the binary code sequentially from a most significant bit, and executes a charge adding or subtracting operation according to an data value in each bit.
US07746258B2	Digital-analog converter and camera module having the same Disclosed are a digital-analog converter and a camera module having the same. The digital-analog converter includes a plurality of decoders for receiving bits of a digital input signal by dividing the bits in a predetermined bit unit except for lower bits of the digital input signal, and decoding the bits into thermometer code signals, a delay unit for delaying output of the lower bits of the digital input signal, a latch unit for synchronizing output signals of the decoders with an output signal of the delay unit, and a current source for converting a digital signal output from the latch unit into an analog signal.
US07746255B1	A/D converter, method for adjusting analog signal therein, and method for converting analog signal into digital signal An analog-to-digital converter includes a sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA), a plurality of stages of analog-to-digital converting (ADC) units and an adjustment circuit. The SHA samples an analog input signal. The ADC units serially converts the analog input signal sampled by the SHA into corresponding digital values, in which a first stage of the ADC units generates the digital value including most significant bits. The adjustment circuit controls the SHA by checking the most significant bits from the first stage of the ADC units to modify offsets of the analog input signal with respect to a reference value. A method for adjusting an analog input signal in an analog-to-digital converter and a method for converting an analog input signal into a digital signal are also disclosed herein.
US07746254B2	Sample and hold circuit, multiplying D/A converter having the same, and A/D converter having the same A sample and hold circuit includes an op-amp, inverting-side capacitors, and non-inverting-side capacitors paired with the inverting-side capacitors. At least one capacitor pair serves as a feedback capacitor in a holding phase. A total capacitance of the inverting-side capacitors to which an input voltage is applied in a sampling phase is α, a total capacitance of the non-inverting-side capacitors to which the input voltage is applied in the sampling phase is β, a total capacitance of the inverting-side capacitors to which the input voltage is applied in a holding phase is γ, and a total capacitance of the non-inverting-side capacitors to which the input voltage is applied in the holding phase is η. α is substantially different from β. A total capacitance of a feedback capacitor pair is substantially equal to (α−β−γ+η)·(N/2), where N is a positive number.
US07746241B2	Magnetic probe apparatus and method for providing a wireless connection to a detection device A system for communicating information from a detection device is provided through a waterproof and wireless interface. The system generally includes a communication member having an inductor and coupled to the detection device. An interface including another inductor is in communicating relation with the communication member. Upon a signal from the detection device, a magnetic field is produced by the inductor of the communication member and is transmitted to the inductor of the interface.
US07746235B2	System and method of detecting eye closure based on line angles A system and method are provided for monitoring an eye to determine eye closure. The system includes a video imaging camera oriented to generate images of an eye, and a video processor for processing the images. The processor includes an edge detector for detecting edges of the eye in the image, and a line selector for generating lines at any of select angles representative of the detected edges. The processor determines the state of eye closure, such as an open eye or closed eye, based on an angle between two of the lines that select angles. The system may be employed on a vehicle to determine the eye closure state of a driver of the vehicle.
US07746234B2	RFID tag The RFID tag includes a base that can bend and unbend; a communication antenna wired on the base; a circuit chip that is electrically connected to the antenna and performs radio communication via the antenna; a reinforcing member as a chip reinforcing member that covers at least the periphery of the circuit chip and a section of the antenna wiring, the covering preformed at least in an upper side with respect to the base designated as a bottom, and that has a concavo-convex shape and intersects with the antenna wiring at a concave section of the concavo-convex shape; and an adhesive that adheres the reinforcing member to the base, and in which an edge along a concave section of the edge of the reinforcing member traverses over the antenna.
US07746231B2	Circuit arrangement for load regulation in the receive path of a transponder A circuit arrangement for load regulation of circuit components is arranged in a receive path of a transponder, having an input path through which a first voltage signal can be tapped, having a voltage sensor arranged in the input path for measuring the first voltage signal, having at least one output path through which a discharge current signal can be tapped, having at least one controllable auxiliary current source arranged between the input path and the output path to provide the at least one discharge current signal, the control side of the auxiliary current source being connected to an output of the voltage sensor such that the value of the discharge current signal increases exponentially with increasing voltage of the first voltage signal.
US07746230B2	Radio frequency identification device and method The present invention teaches a method of manufacturing an enclosed transceiver, such as a radio frequency identification (“RFID”) tag. Structurally, in one embodiment, the tag comprises an integrated circuit (IC) chip, and an RF antenna mounted on a thin film substrate powered by a thin film battery. A variety of antenna geometries are compatible with the above tag construction. These include monopole antennas, dipole antennas, dual dipole antennas, a combination of dipole and loop antennas. Further, in another embodiment, the antennas are positioned either within the plane of the thin film battery or superjacent to the thin film battery.
US07746229B2	Device and method for identifying, locating and tracking objects on laboratory equipment The invention concerns a system (1) to locate or track objects (2) that can be positioned on the work table (3) of a laboratory apparatus (4). To do this, the system (1) comprises at least: a) a central transmitter (5) with the capability to transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals, convert RF signals received and transfer the converted signals to a computer (7); b) a local unit (6) mounted on a surface (8) of the work table (3) with the capability to receive and transmit RF signals; c) radio frequency identification (RFID) tags (10) to be affixed to the local unit (6) and to articles of laboratory ware (15) that are to be identified and/or located or tracked; d) a work table (3) of a laboratory apparatus (4) and a computer (7) that can be connected to the laboratory apparatus (4) and is linked to the central transmitter (5) via an interface, the computer (7) having the capability to communicate with the central transmitter (5), to process signals received from the latter and to address selected RFID tags (10) through the central transmitter (5). The system (1) according to the invention can be integrated in a higher-ranking logistical system (31) for the processing and analysis of samples of any desired kind.
US07746228B2	Passive container tracking device, system, and method A passive identification system for shipping containers. The shipping containers contain passive identification devices that are interrogated by separate on-board location trackers (OBLT) located in places where shipping containers are expected to pass in proximity to during the shipping and transport process. The OBLTs contain an active transmitter and GPS device. After the OBLT interrogates the passive identification device on a shipping container, the OBLT generates a geo-word comprised of the container identification, the GPS location of the OBLT, and a time stamp, and transmits the geo-word to a receiving station for tracking and/or security purposes. The receiving station has manifest information regarding the shipping containers stored in memory. In this manner, the receiving station can compare the geo-word to the expected shipping locations and expected times for the shipping container to determine if the shipping container is lost, misplaced, or off-schedule.
US07746227B2	Golf club reminder system for golf bags The golf club reminder system for a golf bag utilizes electric, magnetic, or optical detectors to monitor golf clubs in the golf bag. A control unit is provided for determining the presence or absence of a complete set of golf clubs in the golf bag based upon golf club detection signals. A display is connected to the control unit for displaying an indication of the presence or absence of the complete set of golf clubs in the golf bag, and a user interface is connected to the control unit for setting the control unit for determining the presence or absence of the complete set of golf clubs in the golf bag.
US07746224B2	Instant messaging applications in security systems A method of operating a security system by generating an instant message at a first location, the instant message including security system data, then transmitting the instant message from the first location over a computer network to a second location via an instant message server computer. The instant message is received at the second location, and a security system function is initiated at the second location based on the security system data from the instant message.
US07746223B2	System and method for receiving security content from wireless cameras A system and method for displaying security content to a cell phone. An indication is received that a doorbell has been activated. A signal is sent to the cell phone indicating that the doorbell has been activated.
US07746222B2	Method and apparatus for installing a wireless security system A method of installing a security system includes activating a security device. An air-borne identification signal is transmitted from the device in response to the activation. The identification signal identifies the activated device. The identification signal is used to ascertain a type of the device. The device is automatically wirelessly configured dependent upon the type of the device.
US07746221B2	Method for preventing lane departure for use with vehicle Disclosed is a method for preventing lane departure for use in a vehicle. The method determines whether the vehicle is moving out of its lane by extracting lane markings from an image inputted by using rear side cameras mounted on both side mirrors, calculating a lane departure distance from the directional angle and side distance calculated by three-dimensional mapping of the extracted lane markings, and estimating a lane departure time through the calculated lane departure distance and a vehicle speed sensed by a vehicle speed sensor, thereby preventing vehicle accidents caused by the driver's lane departure.
US07746220B2	Moving object detection apparatus A moving object detection apparatus comprises a transmitter, a receiver, a detection portion, a binary conversion portion and a judgment portion. The transmitter emits energy waves with a first frequency to a detection area. When receiving incoming energy waves from the detection area, the receiver generates an electric signal corresponding to the incoming energy waves. The detection portion obtains a detection signal from a reference signal with the first frequency and the electric signal. The binary conversion portion compares the detection signal with a conversion threshold signal to obtain a binary signal. The judgment portion judges whether or not a moving object approaching or leaving the receiver exists in the detection area based on the binary signal.
US07746219B1	Method and apparatus for adjusting trailer electrical load limits A method of determining whether an electronic component on a trailer is functioning from within a passenger compartment of a vehicle having an electrical connection with the trailer generally includes determining a first electronic component configuration associated with the trailer and determining an electrical load profile for a terminal in the electrical connection between the vehicle and the trailer based on the first electronic component configuration of the trailer. The method also includes associating the electronic component on the trailer with the electrical load profile for the terminal in the electrical connection and monitoring a value descriptive of an electrical load at the terminal in the electrical connection. The method further includes informing a user in the passenger compartment that the electronic component is not functioning when the value is less than a threshold value.
US07746217B2	Reading from and writing to memory tags The reading of data from a memory tag to another device, using a memory tag reader, is described. The other device has an active portion which can detect the presence and position of the memory tag reader when brought adjacent to it. The memory tag reader is brought adjacent to the memory tag and data uploaded into the memory tag reader. The memory tag reader is moved adjacent to the active portion of the other device into a position which identifies the location to which the data is to be transferred. The data is then downloaded into that location in the other device. A similar process is described for downloading data from the other device to the memory tag. Apparatus appropriate to carry out each stage of these processes is described.
US07746215B1	RF transactions using a wireless reader grid The present invention discloses a radio frequency (RF) reader grid and method for facilitating transactions. The RF reader grid includes a transponder, a RFID reader, and a host RFID reader in communication with a merchant system. The secondary and host RFID readers communicate with one another via wireless, RF frequencies. The present invention also discloses a wireless grid that comprises non-radio frequency readers, such as magnetic stripe readers. In addition, a method for using a secondary RFID reader to perform a transaction is disclosed. The method includes the steps of initializing the secondary RFID reader, communication transaction information using the secondary RFID reader and processing the transaction information using a host RFID reader.
US07746205B2	System and method for controlling movement of an object An improved field emission system and method is provided that involves field emission structures having electric or magnetic field sources. The magnitudes, polarities, and positions of the magnetic or electric field sources are configured to have desirable correlation properties, which may be in accordance with a code. The correlation properties correspond to a desired spatial force function where spatial forces between field emission structures correspond to relative alignment, separation distance, and the spatial force function.
US07746204B2	Field coil assembly of electromagnetic clutch The present invention relates to a field coil assembly of an electromagnetic clutch for a compressor. A field coil assembly according to the present invention includes a field coil member 20 having a coil wire 22 extending outward; a power connecting member 30 having a sleeve 35 with a terminal 40 protruding out, the terminal electrically connecting the coil wire 22 to an external power source; a flange 28 coupled to one side of the field coil member 20 with the coil wire 22 drawn therefrom, the flange 28 having a catching portion 29 coupled with the sleeve 35, the flange 28 having electric conductivity; and a ground terminal 50 provided in the sleeve 35 and electrically connected to the terminal 40, the ground terminal 50 having at least a portion contacted with the catching portion 29.
US07746199B2	Acoustic wave device An acoustic wave device includes first and second 3-IDT acoustic wave filters provided on a piezoelectric substrate. A second IDT in the first acoustic wave filter is electrically connected to a second IDT in the second acoustic wave filter and a third IDT in the first acoustic wave filter is electrically connected to a third IDT in the second acoustic wave filter to cascade the first acoustic wave filter with the second acoustic wave filter. An acoustic wave resonator is connected to a first IDT in the first acoustic wave filter. In the acoustic wave device, NA/NB is in a range from about 2.6 to about 3.5 and fB/fa is in a range from about 0.995 to about 1.010.
US07746197B2	Noise filter array A noise filter array includes filter elements, each of which includes an LC parallel resonant circuit having a coil and a capacitor and an LC series resonant circuit having a coil and a capacitor, are arranged substantially parallel to one another in an array and integrally provided. Grounding capacitors that define the filter elements are arranged so that a common ground-side electrode faces signal-side electrodes and is connected to an inductance adjusting conductor that defines the LC series resonant circuits along with the capacitors through a via hole. The lengths of the inductance adjusting conductor from a connection location within the via hole to ground terminals are substantially equal in each of the filter elements.
US07746193B2	Miniature 180 degree hybrid coupler A 180° hybrid coupler (100) includes a first transmission line transformer (101) and a second transmission line transformer (102). Each of the first and second transmission line transformers is comprised of a coplanar stripline structure disposed in a spiral configuration. Each of the coplanar stripline structures has a first characteristic impedance and is configured to function as a balun. A common input feed (202) is coupled to each of the first and second transmission line transformers. A third transmission line transformer (103) and a fourth transmission line transformer (104) are also provided. Each of the third and fourth transmission line transformers is also configured to function as a balun and is coupled to the first and second transmission line transformers.
US07746188B2	Integrated non-reciprocal component The invention relates to a non-reciprocal component comprising a first dielectric part (11) and a ferrite substrate (12) located on the same level, a ground layer (18) is located below the ferrite substrate (12), a metal line arrangement (14) is located on the level having the first dielectric part (11) and the ferrite substrate (12), wherein the metal line arrangement (14) comprises a first and a second metal line (15, 16) arranged in parallel to each on the ferrite substrate (12), the first metal line (15) provides a first port (P1) and the second metal line (16) provides a second port (P2), wherein the first and second metal lines (15, 16) are connected in a portion between the first dielectric part (11) and the ferrite substrate (12) forming a single third metal line (17), which ends with third port (P3), wherein the ferrite substrate (11) is magnetized in parallel to the metal lines (15, 16) and at least one matching network (19, 20) is assigned to at least one of the ports (P1, P2). By coupling the matching networks (19, 20) to the first and second port (P1) and (P2) a substantially reduction of length of the metal line arrangement is achieved. This reduction allows an integration of the non-reciprocal component (10).
US07746181B1	Circuit and method for extending the usable frequency range of a phase locked loop (PLL) An improved circuit and method is described herein for extending the usable frequency range of a high performance, narrow band phase locked loop (PLL) device. For example, the improved circuit and method may perform a calibration sequence for calibrating an LC-type voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) immediately before or during operation of the PLL device. Unlike previous methods, the calibration sequence described herein provides a fast and convenient method for extending the usable frequency range of a PLL by shifting the center frequency of the LC-type VCO to a desired frequency. For example, the VCO center frequency may be incrementally shifted (e.g., either high or low) to compensate for the actual environmental conditions in which the PLL is used (i.e., to compensate for specific process, voltage, and temperature conditions). Once the calibration bits are set to the desired frequency, the calibration sequence is disabled, and the appropriate calibration bit values are applied to the VCO during normal operation of the PLL.
US07746176B2	Receiver comprising an amplifier The invention relates to a receiver (1) comprising an amplifier (31-34) for amplifying an antenna signal, which amplifier (31-34) comprises an amplifier input (11a) and an amplifier output (12a, 12b), the amplifier input (11a) being a single ended input for receiving the antenna signal, the amplifier output (12a, 12b) being a differential output, and the amplifier (31-34) comprising a circuit (54) for compensating a series input impedance of the amplifier (31-34).
US07746169B2	LNA having a post-distortion mode and a high-gain mode A differential low noise amplifier (LNA) is operable in a selectable one of two modes. The LNA includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor and a fourth transistor. In the first mode (PDC mode), the four transistors are configured to operate as a post-distortion cancellation (PDC) LNA. The third and fourth transistors operate as cancel transistors that improve linearity, but reduce LNA gain somewhat. In the second mode (high gain mode), the third and fourth transistors are configured so that amplified versions of the LNA input signal that they output are added to amplified versions of the LNA input signal that are output by the first and second main transistors, resulting in increased gain. Multiplexing circuits are provided within the LNA so that the LNA is configurable into a selectable one of the two modes by controlling a digital mode control signal supplied to the LNA.
US07746167B1	Method of and circuit for adapting parameters for a predistortion circuit in an integrated circuit A method of adapting parameters for a predistortion circuit in an integrated circuit is disclosed. The method comprises receiving, at the predistortion circuit, an input signal to be amplified by a power amplifier; determining a value associated with an information tag for the input signal; applying parameters to the predistortion circuit based upon the determined value; receiving an output of the power amplifier at an input of the integrated circuit; comparing an output of the predistortion circuit with the output of the power amplifier; and generating updated parameters to be applied to the predistortion circuit. An integrated circuit having a circuit for adapting parameters for a predistortion circuit of the integrated circuit is also disclosed.
US07746165B1	Voltage selecting circuit, voltage providing circuit utilizing the voltage selecting circuit, and signal delaying system utilizing the voltage providing circuit A voltage providing circuit includes: a first voltage providing circuit, for generating a first voltage; a switch device, for receiving a first voltage; a second voltage providing circuit, for providing a second voltage; a control circuit, for controlling the switch device and the second voltage providing circuit, wherein in a first mode, the control circuit turns off the switch device for allowing a target device to receive the second voltage, and in a second mode, the control circuit turns on the switch device and stops the second voltage providing circuit from providing the second voltage such that the target device can receive the first voltage; and an adjusting circuit, for providing a reference voltage to the first voltage providing circuit according to the first voltage and the second voltage for changing the first voltage, thereby making the first voltage substantially equal to the second voltage.
US07746158B2	Driving device of voltage drive type semiconductor device A driving device of an IGBT includes a high potential side switch device group having a plurality of switch devices and, one end of each switch device being connected to a high potential side; a low potential side switch device group having a plurality of switch devices and, one end of each switch device being connected to a low potential side; an drive type selective input terminal to which a drive type selection signal corresponding to drive type of the IGBT connected to the driving device is inputted; a direct drive type control unit and an indirect drive type control unit generating a control signal controlling complementarily the high potential side switch device group and the low potential side switch device group corresponding to the drive type of the IGBT; and a selector selecting the control signal controlling the high potential side switch device group and the low potential side switch device group corresponding to an inputted drive type selection signal.
US07746155B2	Circuit and method for transistor turn-off with strong pulldown In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a circuit and method for providing a switchable strong pulldown for a power FET in an off state to avoid inadvertent or false turn ons. A strong pulldown is provided to the gate of a power FET to avoid inadvertent turn on during output swings. In other cases, the gate of the power FET is pulled down weakly to reduce EMI and voltage noise in the circuit. In a particular exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a circuit and method for obtaining a strong pulldown on the gate of a power FET in an off state, while providing a weak pulldown during turn on to turn off transitions. The invention avoids false turn ons during fast output transitions while maintaining relatively high EMI protection.
US07746154B2	Multi-voltage multiplexer system A multi-voltage multiplexer system includes multiple voltage inputs, each voltage input providing a different input voltage, and multiple control inputs operative to select one of the input voltages for output. Each of multiple transistors is connected to a different one of the voltage inputs and to a different one of the control inputs, and the transistors are connected to an output such that the selected input voltage is provided at the output. A bulk of each of the transistors is connected together to form a bulk network, and the bulk network is connected to the gate of each transistor such that the transistors connected to non-selected voltage inputs have gates set at approximately the maximum of the input voltages.
US07746150B2	Circuit and method for providing a fail-safe differential receiver A fail-safe differential receiver having a differential amplifier adapted to receive first and second differential input signals and generate a differential voltage. A peak detector is coupled to the differential amplifier for generating a detect signal and a comparator is coupled to the peak detector for comparing the detect signal to a threshold voltage and providing a comparison signal. A directing circuit is coupled to the differential amplifier for receiving the first and second differential input signals and is coupled to the comparator for receiving the comparison signal. An output amplifier is coupled to the directing circuit. The directing circuit selectively directs the first and second differential input signals to the output amplifier as a function of the value of the comparison signal from the comparator.
US07746149B2	Voltage level shift circuit and semiconductor integrated circuit Provided is a voltage level shift circuit including: a first voltage level shift circuit formed of a P-channel enhancement type transistor (M1) and an N-channel depletion type MOS transistor (M3); and a second voltage level shift circuit formed of a P-channel enhancement type transistor (M2) and an N-channel depletion type MOS transistor (M4). In the voltage level shift circuit, a cascode circuit using an N-channel depletion type transistor (M5) is serially connected to the first voltage level shift circuit, a cascode circuit using an N-channel depletion type transistor (M6) is serially connected to the second voltage level shift circuit, and a unit for complementarily controlling bias voltages of the respective cascode circuits. As a result, an output signal of the voltage level shift circuit connected to an input of a differential amplifier circuit, for expanding an input voltage range of a signal, is not affected by fluctuations in power supply voltage.
US07746148B2	High-side driver A high-side driving circuit is provided, where Q terminal and Q terminal of the latch circuit respectively feed back to the first switch and the second switch, which may control asymmetric impedance, such that the high-side driving circuit can prevent noise.
US07746145B2	Level shift circuit capable of preventing occurrence of malfunction when low power supply fluctuates, and semiconductor integrated circuit including the circuit A level shift circuit includes two high-voltage PMOS, two high-voltage NMOS, and two low-voltage NMOS transistors. The first high-voltage PMOS is connected between a high voltage and a second output terminal, having a gate connected to a first output terminal. The second high-voltage PMOS is connected between the high voltage and the first terminal, having a gate connected to the second terminal. The first high-voltage NMOS is connected to the second terminal, having a gate through which a second signal is input. The first low-voltage NMOS is connected between the first high-voltage N-channel MOS and a ground, having a gate through which the second signal is input. The second high-voltage NMOS is connected to the first terminal, having a gate through which a first signal is input. The second low-voltage NMOS is connected between the second N-channel MOS and the ground, having a gate through which the first signal is input.
US07746144B2	Pulse generator and method of generating pulses, such as for template generation in impulse radio systems The pulse generator comprises: a delay line arranged to receive a digital input signal and to produce a plurality of delay line output signals; first and second pulse generator blocks comprising logic circuitry arranged to generate a plurality of successive first output pulses in response to said different delay line output signals; and pulse combiner circuitry arranged to combine said first output pulses to produce second output pulses. The first pulse generator block is arranged to be responsive to rising edges of said input signal, and the second pulse generator blocks is responsive to falling edges of said input signal. Thus, both rising and falling edges of said input signal are used to create pulses. The device can be used in impulse radio transmitters and receivers.
US07746139B2	Radiation hardened D-type flip flop A programmable phase frequency divider for space applications is implemented in CMOS technology, and includes a number of radiation hardened D-type flip flops. The radiation hardened D-type flip flop circuits are designed to keep running properly at GHz frequencies in the presence of single event upset (SEU) hits. The novel D-type flip flop circuits each have two pairs of complementary inputs and outputs and each consists of a master latch and a slave latch connected in tandem. The master and slave latches each consist of two latch half circuits having dual complementary inputs and outputs that are mutually interconnected in a dual interlocked cell (DICE) configuration, with the result that the D-type flip flop is immune to an SEU affecting at most one of the flip flop's four dual complementary data inputs.
US07746137B2	Sequential circuit element including a single clocked transistor A method is disclosed that includes propagating data via a first data path of a sequential circuit element in response to a clock signal received at a single clocked transistor of the sequential circuit element. The method also includes retaining information related to the data propagated via the first path at a retention circuit element of a second data path, where the first data path includes a first transistor that is responsive to an output of the single clocked transistor. The first transistor has a higher current flow capacity than a second transistor associated with the second data path.
US07746129B2	Ultra low power servo-controlled single clock ramp generator with amplitude independent to clock frequency A low power servo-controlled single clock ramp generator (100) includes a fast switched comparator (102), charge pump (110) and voltage-to-current converter (120) connected to provide a feedback control mechanism under control of a pulse comparison clock signal (pulse_comp) and a reset pulse clock signal (rst_pulse) that are generated from a single input clock signal (clkin) so that there are well defined time intervals between pulses in the pulse comparison clock signal and the reset pulse clock signal, thereby providing a ramp signal (Vramp_out) having a stable, frequency-independent amplitude that is not limited by the reference voltage.
US07746119B2	Leakage compensation for sample and hold devices A sample and hold circuit in one aspect includes first and second switches. The first switch can be coupled to receive an input signal and to sample the input signal using a first capacitor. A first leakage current flows between first and second conductive terminals of the first switch and accumulates as a first leakage charge in the first capacitor. A second leakage current flows between the first and second conductive terminals of the second switch and accumulates as a second leakage charge in the second capacitor. An offset circuit produces a compensated sampled value by subtracting a quantity from a signal developed in response to the held sampled signal and charge accumulated through the first switch, wherein the quantity is developed in response to the accumulated leakage charge in the second capacitor.
US07746118B2	Single electron based flexible multi-functional logic circuit and the transistor thereof The present invention relates to a flexible multi-functional logic circuit which switches a current direction to a serial or parallel direction using at least two single electron transistors (SETs) having the same pattern and as many field effect transistors (FETs) as the number of the single electron transistors and performs operations on multi-valued signals using Coulomb oscillation that is the unique characteristic of SET to enable conversion of a single logic circuit to four basic logic circuits of NAND, OR, NOR and AND gates and a device using the same.
US07746114B2	Bus switch and electronic switch A bus switch for connecting and disconnecting a bus connection provided by a pair of buses includes a first switching element and a second switching element. The first switching element is coupled between an input terminal and an output terminal of a high-potential side bus of the pair of buses. The second switching element is coupled between an input terminal and an output terminal of a low-potential side bus of the pair of buses. The bus connection is connected when the first switching element and the second switching element are activated, and the bus connection is disconnected when the first switching element and the second switching element are deactivated.
US07746113B1	Circuit structures utilizing multiple voltage level inputs A circuit structure implements a logical AND gate that operates correctly when provided with inputs at two different power-high voltages. The circuit structure includes a pulsed driver circuit operating at a first power high voltage, and an AND logic circuit operating at a second power high voltage higher than the first power high voltage. The pulsed driver circuit has an input operating at the first power high voltage and provides an output operating at the first power high voltage. The first input of the AND logic circuit operates at the second power high voltage, the second input of the AND logic circuit is coupled to the output of the pulsed driver circuit and operates at the first power high voltage, and the output of the AND logic circuit operates at the second power high voltage. An exemplary implementation of the AND logic circuit is described.
US07746112B1	Output structure with cascaded control signals for logic blocks in integrated circuits, and methods of using the same A cascading output structure for logic blocks in an integrated circuit. An exemplary integrated circuit includes an array of interconnected logic blocks, each including a logic circuit, an output multiplexer, and a select multiplexer. The logic circuit has an input coupled to a logic block input. The output multiplexer has first and second data inputs respectively coupled to first and second outputs of the logic circuit, a select input, and an output coupled to a logic block output. The select multiplexer has a first data input coupled to a cascade select input of the logic block, a second data input, and an output coupled to the select input of the output multiplexer. The output of the select multiplexer is also coupled to a cascade select output of the logic block. The cascade select input of the logic block is coupled to the cascade select output of an adjacent logic block.
US07746111B1	Gating logic circuits in a self-timed integrated circuit Circuits for implementing gating logic in a self-timed integrated circuit. An integrated circuit includes a plurality of interconnected logic blocks, each including a logic circuit and an output circuit. Each output circuit has a data input coupled to an output of the logic circuit, a gating input, and a data output coupled to an output of the logic block. The output circuit is coupled to place a value on the data input onto the data output when the gating input has a first value and the output circuit receives tokens indicating valid new data on both the data input and the gating input of the output circuit. The output circuit is coupled to leave the data output unchanged when the gating input has a second value and the output circuit receives a token indicating valid new data on both the data and gating inputs of the output circuit.
US07746110B1	Circuits for fanning out data in a programmable self-timed integrated circuit Circuits for fanning out data in a self-timed integrated circuit. An exemplary integrated circuit includes a plurality of interconnected logic blocks, each including a logic circuit and an output circuit. The output circuit has a first data input coupled to a first output of the logic circuit, a second data input coupled to a second output of the logic circuit, and a data output coupled to a first output of the logic block. The data output reflects a value on the first data input. The output circuit is programmably coupled, in one of a plurality of operating modes, to provide an output token only when the first data input is accompanied by a first token indicating valid new data on the first data input. The output circuit is further programmably coupled to consume, when the output token is provided, both the first token and a second token accompanying the second data input.
US07746107B1	Redundant configuration memory systems and methods In one embodiment, a programmable logic device includes a plurality of configuration memory cells and at least one spare configuration memory cell adapted to store configuration data for a memory cell identified within the plurality of configuration memory cells (e.g., identified as a defective memory cell). An address shift register within the device is adapted to provide programming signals to the plurality of configuration memory cells via wordlines. A data shift register within the device is adapted to provide configuration data to the plurality of configuration memory cells via bitlines. The data shift register is further adapted to provide configuration data from the spare configuration memory cell to the identified configuration memory cell.
US07746106B1	Circuits for enabling feedback paths in a self-timed integrated circuit Circuits enabling feedback paths in a self-timed integrated circuit. Each of a plurality of interconnected logic blocks includes a logic circuit having first and second outputs, and means for placing, during an initial cycle, a self-timed first data signal on the second output onto a logic block output, and for placing, during subsequent cycles, a self-timed second data signal on a selected one of the first or second outputs onto the logic block output. Initially, an output token is provided only when valid new data is received on the second output and on a select signal. Subsequently, the output token is provided only when either the first output of the logic circuit is selected, and valid new data is received on the first output and on the select signal; or the second output of the logic circuit is selected, and valid new data is received on the first and second outputs and on the select signal.
US07746103B1	Multi-mode circuit in a self-timed integrated circuit A multi-mode circuit for a self-timed integrated circuit is provided. The multi-mode circuit is programmable to operate in two or more modes, and is coupled to require, in each mode, receipt of a token on at least one of first, second, or third inputs before providing an output token. The multi-mode circuit is further coupled to require tokens on different inputs in at least two different modes. The multi-mode circuit can be an output circuit for a logic block in an integrated circuit including an array of interconnected logic blocks, where each logic block includes a logic circuit and a multi-mode circuit. One input of each multi-mode circuit can be programmably coupled to a select output of a multi-mode circuit in an adjacent logic block. Based on the programmed mode and the tokens received, the circuit routes data between inputs and outputs of the circuit.
US07746100B2	Flexible adder circuits with fast carry chain circuitry Configurable adder circuitry is provided on an integrated circuit that includes redundant circuitry. The integrated circuit may contain nonvolatile memory and logic circuitry that produces a redundancy control signal. During manufacturing, the integrated circuitry may be tested. If a defect is identified on the integrated circuit, the redundancy control signal may be used in switching redundant circuitry into place bypassing the defect. The integrated circuit may contain an array of logic regions. Each logic region may contain adders and multiplexer circuitry for selectively combining the multiplexers to form larger adders. The multiplexer circuitry in each logic region may be controlled by propagate signals from the adders and by static redundancy control signals.
US07746096B1	Impedance buffer and method An impedance buffer has a single comparator with a first input and a second input. A first leg has a first pull-up array in series with a reference resistor. The first input of the single comparator is electrically coupled to a node between the first pull up array and the reference resistor. A second leg has a second pull-up array in series with a pull-down array. The second leg is coupled through a switch to the second input of the single comparator.
US07746093B2	Driving chip package, display device including the same, and method of testing driving chip package A driving chip package, a display device including the same, and a method of testing the driving chip package are disclosed. Any contact failure between the driving chip package and the display substrate can be easily detected, thus reducing the quality management cost and preventing additional failures and increasing the manufacturing yield. The driving chip package includes a base film made of an insulating material, a plurality of interconnection lines formed (e.g., patterned) on the base film (that conduct externally processed driving signals to driving chip and that conduct the driving signals processed in and output by the driving chip), and at least one test interconnection line (e.g., a test signal input interconnection line or a test signal output interconnection line) formed parallel to the interconnection lines on the base film. A test signal input interconnection line and a corresponding test signal output interconnection line are electrically connected through a link on the display substrate.
US07746092B2	Intelligent multi-meter with automatic function selection A measuring device with the function of automatically determining the type of device under test (DUT) and selecting measuring function. The measuring device having a controller for sequentially providing a plurality of checking phases; a protection circuit connecting to input end and protecting the measuring device; a switch composed of a plurality of test circuits, being connected to the controller and sequentially connecting the plurality of test circuits with the output end of the protection circuit; a plurality of DUT type detectors, connecting to the switch and comparing the voltage of input end sequentially through a plurality of comparison circuits, transmitting the result of comparison to the controller for determining the type of DUT; and a measurement unit connecting to the controller, measuring the DUT according to the result of determination of the controller and displaying the result of measurement on a display.
US07746089B2	Method and apparatus for indirect planarization Methods and apparatus for indirect planarization of a substrate are provided herein. In one embodiment, an apparatus for indirectly planarizing a probe card assembly includes an adjustment portion for controlling a force applied to a probe substrate of the probe card assembly; a force application portion configured to apply the force to the probe substrate at a location that is laterally offset from the adjustment portion; and a mechanism coupling the adjustment portion to the force application portion.
US07746088B2	In-line electron beam test system A method and apparatus for testing a plurality of electronic devices formed on a large area substrate is described. In one embodiment, the apparatus performs a test on the substrate in one linear axis in at least one chamber that is slightly wider than a dimension of the substrate to be tested. Clean room space and process time is minimized due to the smaller dimensions and volume of the system.
US07746085B2	Micromechanical sensor having an analyzer circuit A micromechanical sensor having an analyzer circuit and at least two detecting elements, each of the two detecting elements being connected to the analyzer circuit by at least one signal line. At least one signal line is connected to both detecting elements.
US07746084B2	Impedance measurement using line-to-line current injection An unbalanced line-to-line current is injected at an injected frequency in a three-phase ac circuit. A first set of voltages and currents are obtained. A first set of transformed voltages and transformed currents are produced. The circuit is injected with a second unbalanced line-to-line current at a frequency linearly independent of the injected frequency. A second set of voltages and current are obtained. A second set of transformed voltages and transformed currents are produced The impedance of a source portion and a load portion of the circuit are calculated using the first and second set of transformed voltages, and the first and second set of transformed currents.
US07746083B2	Apparatus and method for communications testing A communications connector tester for quickly and accurately analyzing communications connectors at production to determine whether the connectors are fit for use in certain communications applications is disclosed. Test signals at several discrete frequencies are sequentially inputted into pairs of conductors in the communications connector under test, and output signals are detected for the pairs under test. The output signals are compared to acceptable ranges for certain applications of the communications connector and the connector is passed or failed for certain applications based on the output signal values. Near-end crosstalk, far-end crosstalk, return loss, insertion loss, and other communications connector qualities may be measured using the present invention.
US07746081B2	Cable detection method and apparatus A cable detection apparatus includes; a plurality of conductors which transmit signal information, a detection control circuit operably connected to a first conductor of the plurality of conductors, wherein the detection control circuit outputs an output signal as a first detection signal when a predetermined signal level is detected from the first conductor and outputs a second detection signal when the predetermined signal level is not detected from the first conductor, and a multiplexer operably connected to the detection control circuit which receives one of the first and second detection signals and selects between a digital signal input and an analog signal input based on the output signal of the detection control circuit and outputs the selected signal input to a conductor of the plurality of conductors.
US07746076B2	Method for imaging subterranean formations A method for using a tool in a wellbore in a formation to predict an anomaly in the formation ahead of the device, the tool comprising a transmitter for transmitting electromagnetic signals through the formation and a receiver for detecting response signals. the method comprises a) bringing the tool to a first position inside the wellbore; b) energizing the transmitter to propagate a transient electromagnetic signal into the formation; c) detecting a response signal that has propagated through the formation as a result of the transient signal in step (b); d) calculating a derived quantity for the formation as a function of time based on the detected response signal for the formation; e) plotting the derived quantity for the formation against time; f) moving the tool to at least one other position within the wellbore and repeating steps (b) to (e); g) predicting an anomaly in the formation.
US07746071B2	Method for the acquisition of data relating to multi-dimensional NMR spectra by means of frequency-dependent convolution In a method for the acquisition of data relating to multi-dimensional NMR spectra (designated as the SHARC protocol—SHaped, ARrayed aCquisition Protocol), crossed signals are shifted at will in frequency space using selective pulses and frequency dependent folding.
US07746070B2	Method for generating high resolution MRI image and recording medium thereof The present invention relates to a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image generating method using a new MRI image method called a generalized series parallel imaging technique, and a recording medium thereof. In the high-resolution MRI image generating method using the generalized series parallel imaging technique according to the present invention, selecting only a predetermined low frequency band of all frequency bands, and sampling the predetermined low frequency band of all frequency bands at a lower rate than a Nyquist rate to acquire magnetic resonance data.
US07746068B2	Method and apparatus for measuring current Current testing/measuring apparatus 10 comprises a flexible member 12 having a first end 14 and a second end 16. In use, the flexible member 12 is arranged to locate around a conductor 11 carrying a current to be measured. In particular, the current measuring apparatus 10 comprises a Rogowski coil. The ends of the flexible member 12 are coupled together in use but a gap is created between the ends. This distance can generate errors in the current measurement and the present invention provides compensation means 28 in the form of a compensation windings. The compensation windings comprise a planar spiral conductor provided on a printed circuit board to compensate for the separation distance between the first end and the second end.
US07746062B2	Radio frequency testing system and testing circuit utilized thereby A radio frequency (RF) testing system (100) includes a RF signal source (10) generating RF signals, an antenna (50), a RF testing circuit (40) disposed on a printed circuit board (PCB) (41), a testing probe (20) for receiving the RF signal from the RF testing circuit, and a testing apparatus (30) for testing the RF signals from the testing probe. The RF testing circuit includes a first pad (42), a second pad (44), a transmission line (48), and at least one ground portion (49) parallel to the transmission line. A distance between a first region defined by the first pad and a second region defined by the second pad positioned between the first region and the antenna is equal to one-fourth of the wavelength. During testing, the testing probe is electrically connected to the first pad, and the second pad is electrically connected to ground of the PCB.
US07746060B2	Attachment apparatus, test head, and electronic device test system An apparatus comprises: an engagement shaft able to engage with a bottom surface of a DSA and held linear movably; an air cylinder supplying a drive force for linearly moving the engagement shaft; and a link mechanism interposed between the air cylinder and the engagement shaft and transmitting the drive force input from the actuator to the engagement shaft, and the link mechanism transmits the drive force input from the air cylinder by rotary motion.
US07746058B2	Sequential equivalent—time sampling with an asynchronous reference clock A sequential equivalent-time sampling oscilloscope simultaneously acquires samples of a signal-under-test and a reference clock that is asynchronous with the signal-under-test. The oscilloscope converts the samples of the reference clock into timestamps and uses the timestamps to compensate for the jitter of the oscilloscope and to indicate the absolute jitter of the signal-under-test.
US07746053B2	Tester for RF devices For testing an RF device, such as an RF receiver/decoder chip that receives an RF signal via an antenna terminal and outputs a digital code at an output terminal, an inexpensive non-RF programmable tester is used. The programmable tester is a commercially available tester that need only generate and receive non-RF digital and analog signals. The RF signals needed for the testing of the RF device are totally supplied by RF generators on a single printed circuit board, external to the commercial tester housing. The board contains controllable RF generating circuitry whose possible output amplitudes and frequencies need be only those necessary for testing the particular DUT. The frequencies may be changed by switching in different crystal resonators mounted on the board.
US07746051B1	Voltmeter with dual displays A voltmeter/phaser includes dual hot-stick probes, each carrying a housing including a digital display, one of the housings also having a measurement circuit for measuring the sensed voltage. A plural-conductor cable interconnects the housings and carries, in two separate conductors, current between the probes and display data between the display circuits, so that identical voltage values are always displayed on the two displays.
US07746044B2	Power supply system for motherboard A power supply system for a motherboard includes a voltage regulator circuit includes a system power source, and a voltage output terminal, a sampling circuit having an input, and an output receiving a high level sleep signal from a south bridge of the motherboard, a switching circuit having an input, and an output, a power connector having a control terminal connected to the output of the switching circuit, and a power source being connected to the power connector. When the voltage regulator circuit outputs a voltage greater than a predetermined stable voltage to the sampling circuit, the sampling circuit outputs a low level signal to the switching circuit which in return outputs a high level signal to the control terminal of the power connector to cut off power supply from the power source to the system power source.
US07746043B2	Inductor flyback detection using switch gate change characteristic detection A method and system monitor gate charge characteristics of one or more field effect transistors in a switching power converter to detect an end of an inductor flyback time interval. The switching power converter includes a switch coupled to an inductor to control current flow in the inductor. When the switch turns OFF, a collapsing magnetic field causes the inductor current to decrease and the inductor voltage to reverse polarity. When the magnetic field completely collapses, the inductor current goes to zero. At the end of the inductor flyback time interval, a voltage is induced across a Miller capacitance of the switch. The voltage can be detected as a transient change in the gate voltage of the switch. A switch gate sensor detects the gate voltage change associated with the end of the inductor flyback time interval and provides a signal indicating an end of the inductor flyback time interval.
US07746040B2	AC to DC converter with power factor correction An input current shaping AC to DC converter with PFC front end that reduces input current harmonics is provided. In one embodiment, an AC to DC converter connectable with an alternating current source and operable to output a direct current has a PFC front end followed by a DC/DC converter. The PFC front end reduces harmonic components present in an input current waveform received by the PFC front end from the alternating current source and includes current steering circuitry and, optionally, valley filling circuitry. The DC/DC converter is one that presents pure resistive input impedance to the PFC front end. The DC/DC converter outputs the direct current to a load connected thereto.
US07746039B2	Method for controlled application of a stator current set point value and of a torque set point value for a converter-fed rotating-field machine The invention relates to a method for the controlled application of a stator-current target value (ISnom) and a torque target value (Mnom) for a polyphase machine (4) that is supplied by an electronic power converter. According to the invention: current components (ISdnom, ISqnom) in a co-ordinate system (d, q) with a fixed rotor flux or rotating magnetic pole are calculated in accordance with a torque target value and in asynchronous machines in accordance with a rotor-flux target value (ψRnom), a calculated rotor-flux actual value (ψR) or a rotating magnetic-pole flux; a stator-circuit frequency (ωS) is determined; a terminal-flux target value (ψKnom) is calculated in accordance with the values (ISnom, ISqnom, ψR, ωS) by means of the machine parameters (L, RS), said terminal-flux target value being subsequently projected onto a flux-course curve, selected from stored, off-line optimised flux-course curves. This permits the state of the stator current (IS) to be regulated in relation to the rotor flux (ψR) or rotating magnetic-pole flux by means of momentary values, facilitating a stationary and dynamic precise control of motor currents (I1,I2,I3) and thus the torques (M) of a polyphase machine (4).
US07746037B2	Power supply for an electric window dimming device An electric window dimming device for reducing the light transmission of a window for an aircraft. The electric window dimming device comprises a capacitance. The electric window dimming device is adapted for being connected to the capacitance and to a primary energy source that provides energy. If the primary energy source fails, the capacitance supplies energy for electric window dimming device.
US07746035B2	Battery module having simple-structure safety device Disclosed herein is a medium- or large-sized battery module having a plurality of battery cells (unit cells), wherein the battery module is constructed in a structure in which detection units for detecting physical operation state of the battery cells are mounted to the respective battery cells, the detection units are connected to a control unit of the battery module while the detection units are connected in series with each other, and signals (detected signals) detected from the respective battery cells are transmitted to the control unit while the detected signals are included in signals detected from the entire battery cells. The detection units are mounted to the respective battery cells, and therefore, the accuracy of information on the physical operation state of the battery cells is improved, and the circuit for transmitting the detected signals to the control unit is simple although the number of the detection units is large. Consequently, it is possible to construct a battery module having a simple structure. In addition, the volume change measurement sensors formed in a specific shape are used for a battery module using lithium secondary batteries as unit cells, and therefore, it is possible to accomplish the simple structure of the battery module with reduced costs and to secure the safety of the battery module with high accuracy.
US07746033B2	Secondary battery module A secondary battery module includes a unit battery aggregate having a plurality of unit batteries arranged spaced from each other; a housing adapted to receive the unit battery aggregate; and a communicating member installed inside the housing, the communicating member adapted to supply a cooling medium flowing into the housing between a plurality of the unit batteries. The housing includes an inlet for flowing temperature control air into the unit battery aggregate, an outlet for flowing out the air passing through the unit battery, and a communicating member arranged perpendicular to the direction of inflow and outflow of the air with respect to the inlet and the outlet to communicate with a flowing channel between unit batteries, respectively.
US07746029B2	Battery charger with USB connector and cable storage recess A battery charger has a housing with a battery containing portion in which a rechargeable battery is detachably contained, a connector attached to the end of a power cord led out from the housing, and a charging source that is installed in the housing and charges the rechargeable battery contained in the battery containing portion with power supplied through the connector, and the housing is provided in its outer circumferential wall with a gutter-like cord recess in which the power cord is stored along the outer circumferential wall, and also with a connector holder that detachably holds the connector.
US07746028B1	Headset charging cradle Systems and methods for a headset charging cradle are disclosed. The system generally includes a loop for receiving a headset earbud and a cradle charging interface disposed below the loop for coupling with a headset charging interface.
US07746024B2	Electric engine start system with active rectifier A power converter includes a PWM active rectifier and controller that minimize harmonic ripple currents on the DC link during an engine start mode (first stage) in which power is provided to an AC starter motor. The PWM active rectifier and controller also minimize harmonic currents on AC input lines during a second stage (active filter mode). The power converter also includes a PWM inverter and corresponding inverter controller that controls the performance of the AC starter motor during the first stage based on mode selection input received. The power converter system further includes pre-charge circuitry that charges a DC link capacitor located within the power converter system to a desired level prior to providing the power converter system with AC power.
US07746020B2	Common mode & differential mode filter for variable speed drive Systems and methods for improved Variable Speed Drives having active inverters include an input filter for filtering common mode and differential mode currents. A three-phase inductor has three windings, each winding of the three-phase inductor having a center tap dividing each winding into a pair of inductor sections; and a three-phase input capacitor bank connected in a wye configuration to the three center taps at one end, and to a common point at the opposite end. The three-phase input capacitor bank provides a short circuit for frequencies above a predetermined fundamental frequency for shunting such frequencies through the three phase capacitor bank, while passing the predetermined fundamental frequency to an input AC power source.
US07746019B2	Servo control circuit The present invention discloses a servo control circuit comprising: a first node for receiving a control voltage; a second node for receiving a feedback voltage; an operational amplifier controlling a current on a path according to the voltages at the first and second nodes, the path including an internal voltage node thereon; an analog to digital converter (ADC) for converting the voltage at the internal voltage node to a digital signal; and a control logic circuit for generating a servo control signal according to the digital signal.
US07746013B2	Method and device for controlling a brushless direct-current motor Presented in an apparatus for controlling a brushless DC motor with a permanent magnet arranged on a rotor and a stator with windings. The apparatus includes an observer that is adapted to determine an estimated temperature of the permanent magnet as a function of the temperature of the windings, and determine at least one actuating signal for controlling the DC motor as a function of the estimated temperature of the permanent magnet.
US07746011B2	Vehicle seat, in particular a motor-vehicle seat The invention relates to a vehicle seat, in particular for a motor vehicle, and equipped with a central control unit, motors, peripheral motor control devices each associated to one motor and connected to the central control unit. To allow rapid and accurate adjustments while providing versatility, the invention provides that each motor and its associated motor control device shall constitute a closed regulation loop.
US07746010B2	Feeder A feeder to be able to meet the requirements of positioning accuracy, long distance conveyance, remote conveyance, controllability, high precision feeding, high speed feeding, inexpensiveness, simplicity of construction, space saving, weight reduction, measure for dusting and safety for accident for being provided for multiple utilizations. This feeder comprises a forward winder (21), a reverse winder (31), a forwardly winding liner body (51), a reversely winding liner body (61) and a reciprocating body (71). The forwardly winding linear body and the reversely winding linear body are connected to the reciprocating body. The forward winder on winding rotation and the reverse winder on rewinding rotation rotate in synchronism and phase with each other in the same or reverse direction. The amount of winding the forwardly winding linear body by the forward winder and the amount of rewinding the reversely winding linear body by the reverse winder are equal to each other. The amount of rewinding the forwardly winding linear body by the forward winder and the amount of winding the reversely winding linear body by the reverse winder are equal to each other.
US07746006B2	Protection architecture for multi-lamp system The present invention discloses a protection architecture for a multi-lamp system, which applies to a multi-lamp driving system for driving a plurality of lamp loops. The present invention is characterized in that two opposite-phase loads of a loop are separately defined to be a first load and a second load, and that a voltage-division/detection loop is formed via cascading a first voltage-division element to a second voltage-division element and is coupled to between the first load and the second load to detect an abnormal current, wherein the second voltage-division element is coupled to a ground terminal, and wherein a signal-acquiring terminal is coupled to between the first voltage-division element and the second voltage-division element and acquires an abnormal voltage signal for a protection unit from the abnormal current, and wherein the protection unit detects the abnormal voltage signal and shuts off the driving system.
US07746005B2	Circuit arrangement and method for the operation of a high-pressure gas discharge lamp A circuit arrangement for operating a high-pressure gas discharge lamp has an igniting-circuit circuit arrangement having a capacitor able to be connected via two terminals to a voltage supply unit. The capacitor is connected in parallel with a primary winding of a transformer by a switching element that becomes conductive above a given voltage. The circuit arrangement also has a lamp-circuit circuit arrangement in which the high-pressure gas discharge lamp is connected on one side, via a secondary winding of the transformer, to a terminal for connection to the voltage supply unit. The other side of lamp-circuit is connected, via an inductive element, to a second terminal for connection to the voltage supply unit. The inductive element is formed by an air core inductor or rod core inductor that is exposed or is encapsulated in an insulating substance and that has an inductance equal to or less than 20 μH.
US07746002B2	High frequency driver for gas discharge lamp A high frequency driver for a gas discharge lamp is supplied with a DC voltage. The driver converts the input DC voltage to an AC voltage and supplies the AC voltage to a load, which comprises a gas discharge lamp, an inductor connected in series with the lamp and a capacitor connected in parallel to the lamp. The AC voltage has a first high frequency during ignition of the lamp and a second high frequency during normal operation of the lamp after its ignition. The first frequency is higher than the second frequency by a ratio of at least 2.2. By modulating the frequency of the AC voltage the ratio can be increased while still complying with EMI and RFI requirements.
US07745998B2	Lighting unit A lighting unit of the present invention comprises a light guide board, a fluorescent discharge tube provided on a side surface of the light guide board, having an electrode portion at its end portion, a lead wire having a contact connected to the electrode portion of the fluorescent discharge tube, and a holder having a cavity therein and containing the end portion of the fluorescent discharge tube and the contact of the lead wire inside the cavity. The diameter of the cavity is larger than that of the fluorescent discharge tube. With this construction, the lighting unit can suppress heat dissipation at the end portion of the fluorescent discharge tube as compared with the background art and as a result, can suppress degradation in luminance of the fluorescent discharge tube due to long term use.
US07745996B2	Display panel film having a black layer and a reflective layer A film adhered on a display panel includes a black layer for preventing an external light from entering into the display panel, and a reflective layer for preventing light emitted from the display panel from being absorbed in the black layer. The film minimizes the influence of an external light and improves transmittance, thereby providing a user with a good-quality picture.
US07745995B2	Flat panel display having non-evaporable getter material A flat panel display (7) generally includes a front substrate (79) and a rear substrate (70) opposite thereto. The front substrate is formed with an anode (78). The rear substrate is formed with a cathode (71) facing the anode. Several sidewalls (72) are interposed between the front substrate and the rear substrate. A plurality of getter devices (82) are arranged on the front substrate. Thereby, a chamber between the front substrate and the rear substrate is maintained as a low-pressure vacuum. Each of the getter devices includes a base (820), a getter layer (822) comprised of non-evaporable getter material formed thereon, and securing wires (84) arranged on the base.
US07745989B2	Light emitting element, light emitting device, and electronic apparatus It is an object of the present invention to provide a light emitting element with a low driving voltage. In a light emitting element, a first electrode; and a first composite layer, a second composite layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transporting layer, an electron injecting layer, and a second electrode, which are stacked over the first electrode, are included. The first composite layer and the second composite layer each include metal oxide and an organic compound. A concentration of metal oxide in the first composite layer is higher than a concentration of metal oxide in the second composite layer, whereby a light emitting element with a low driving voltage can be obtained. Further, the composite layer is not limited to a two-layer structure. A multi-layer structure can be employed. However, a concentration of metal oxide in the composite layer is gradually higher from the light emitting layer to first electrode side.
US07745984B2	Composition for preparing electron emission source, method for preparing electron emission source using the composition, and electron emission source Provided are a composition for preparing an electron emission source, including a nano-sized inorganic material and a vehicle, a method for preparing an electron emission source using the composition, an electron emission source including a nano-sized inorganic material and a small amount of a residual carbon, and further, an electron emission device including the electron emission source.
US07745983B2	Field emission plane light source and method for making the same A field emission plane light source generally incorporates an anode and a cathode. The anode includes an anode substrate, an anode conductive layer formed on a surface of the anode substrate, and a fluorescent layer formed on the anode conductive layer. The cathode includes a cathode substrate facing and separated from the anode substrate, a cathode conductive layer formed on a surface of the cathode substrate, and an electron emission layer formed on the cathode conductive layer and facing the fluorescent layer of the anode. The cathode and anode substrates have a seal formed therebetween. The electron emission layer includes a glass matrix and a plurality of carbon nanotubes, metallic conductive particles and getter powders dispersed therein. A method for making such field emission plane light source is also provided.
US07745982B2	Lamp socket with improved heat conduction The invention relates to a lamp socket 1 for lamps 25, in particular vehicle lamps, comprising a connection region 2 for arranging the lamps 25 on a headlamp, a light or the like, a hollow-cylindrical receiving section 3 for arranging a bulb 27 on the lamp socket 1, and a cylindrical metal sleeve 4 which is arranged in the receiving section 3. In order to provide a lamp socket 1 of simple and stable design which has high heat-resistance, it is provided that a flange 5 arranged on the metal sleeve 4 rests on protrusions 7 which project from an upper edge 6 of the receiving section 3.
US07745980B2	Piezoelectric resonant element and piezoelectric resonator using the same There is provided a piezoelectric resonant element having excellent electrical characteristics in which spurious is suppressed. The piezoelectric resonant element (10) is constituted by sticking a pair of oscillatory electrodes (12, 13), respectively, to both major surfaces of a rectangular piezoelectric substrate (11). In the nonopposing regions of both the oscillatory electrodes (12, 13), extending portions (12c, 13c) are provided to extend in the opposite directions outward from the center X of the opposing region.
US07745975B2	Piezoelectric thin film resonator, piezoelectric thin film resonator filter and manufacturing method thereof A piezoelectric thin film resonator includes: a piezoelectric thin film; a laminated structure which includes a first metal electrode film and a second metal electrode film that interpose at least a part of the piezoelectric thin film, and which is formed on a substrate; and an acoustic insulating layer which is formed on the substrate at a position corresponding to the laminated structure, wherein the first metal electrode film is formed on the substrate and the second metal electrode film is formed on the first metal electrode film while sandwiching the piezoelectric thin film, and a protection film laminated on the second metal electrode film is provided so as to cover the second metal electrode film.
US07745974B2	Reducing stress gradients within piezoelectric actuators Piezoelectric actuators of the type comprising a stack of layers of ferroelectric material and intervening electrodes which extend only part-way across the adjacent ferroelectric layers suffer differential remanent stress when electric fields are applied across the layers. To overcome this, a tensile stress is applied to the actuator along an axis substantially perpendicular to the layers of piezoelectric material in the actuator, which tensile stress is sufficient to mechanically align the dipoles, thus giving rise to a remanent strain which is uniform throughout the actuator. The actuator is advantageously heated while the tensile stress is applied, so as to increase the difference between the tensile strength of the material and the applied tensile stress. An alternative arrangement involves subjecting the actuator to a multidirectional stress and reducing the stress along the axis substantially perpendicular to the layers of piezoelectric material in the actuator. The entire process is performed on completed actuators. Under suitable temperature and load conditions no tensile margin fractures form and electrode tip discontinuity is reduced.
US07745971B2	Driving device and optical apparatus Disclosed is a driving device capable of stably operating a plurality of actuators.Control units supply driving signals to piezoelectric elements to control actuators such that the actuators repeatedly change their operational states between a driving state and a stop state. In addition, the control units control the actuators to enter the stop state at different timings. As such, since the actuators enter the stop state at different timings, it is possible to reduce or prevent the situation that all of the actuators stop at the same time by shifting the use timing of a power supply circuit. In addition, it is possible to reduce or prevent the situation that all of the actuators are driven at the same time and a current is supplied to all the actuators at the same time.
US07745969B2	Electrical machine with an end-side deflection of electrical conductors An electrical machine includes a basic bed having a opposite axial end sides and slots, wherein the slots an the end sides have each a slot end opening. A winding system has electrical conductors which are accommodated in the slots wherein the electrical conductors extend out on one of the end sides of at least one of the slot end openings. The electrical conductors are hereby laid within a bridging region extending in a circumferential direction on the at least one end side and are inserted into at least one other one of the slot end openings. Arranged on the at least one end side in the bridging region is a first guide element for guiding the electrical conductors of a first subwinding of the windings stem. An end late is arranged on the at least one end side and has at least one axially protruding separating element with the first guide element having a base bearing a against the separating element.
US07745966B2	Method and device for an actuator motor including an air-actuated brake device A plurality of fan blades are secured to a rotor assembly of a single directional motor. When the motor is powered on, a force generated by the fan blades pushes the rotor assembly in a direction of a low friction thrust interface. When the motor is backdriven in a direction opposite the powered direction, the force generated by the fan blades pushes the rotor assembly in a direction of a higher-friction thrust interface, causing a tapered surface of the pinion and a tapered surface of a bearing retainer to be pressed against each other to produce a frictional braking force. The backdriven speed of the motor and drive device is therefore reduced, improving the reliability of the motor assembly. The invention can be applied to motor actuators used to control air dampers and other valves in gas or fluid delivery systems. The invention can also be used to reduce water hammer in water delivery systems.
US07745965B2	Electrical machine having a cooling jacket In order to improve the cooling of an electrical machine, the invention proposes an electrical machine having a stator (4) and a rotor, wherein the stator (4) has a cooling jacket (10) over at least part of the stator (4), wherein the cooling jacket (10) has a motor jacket (3) surrounding the stator (4) and an outer jacket (1), at least sections of which are spaced apart from said motor jacket (3), and a hollow helix (2) is arranged in the section between the motor jacket (3) and the outer jacket (1) and has a predeterminable pitch (12), and wherein the inlet (7) and the outlet (6) of this cooling jacket (10) are located substantially on an axial plane of the electrical machine.
US07745962B2	Thermal to electrical energy converter The invention is a converter for converting thermal energy into electrical energy. The energy conversion takes place by causing magnetic particles that are initially suspended in ferrofluid to circulate in the converter and to induce electric currents when they pass through one or more coils of electric wires that are coiled around parts of the conduits of the converter. The particles are caused to circulate around the main circuit of the converter by controlling the local temperature and pressure at different locations in the main circuit. The invention also is a method of using the converter to produce electricity.
US07745960B2	Power supply control signal generating circuit A power supply control signal generating circuit includes a connector, a switch, a transistor, and an input-output (I/O) controller. The connector includes a first pin and a grounded second pin. The switch has two terminals respectively coupled to the first pin and the second pin of the connector. The transistor has its base coupled to the first pin of the connector and a power supply via a first resistor, its collector coupled to the power supply via a second resistor, and its emitter grounded. The I/O controller has an input terminal coupled to the collector of the transistor, and outputs a power supply control signal at the output terminal.
US07745953B2	Energy storage system for powering vehicle electric user devices An energy storage system for powering electric user devices of a vehicle, the energy storage system having a battery; a capacitive element connected parallel to the terminals of the battery; and an inductive element connected in series to the battery, between the battery and the capacitive element; to effectively regulate power/energy flow between the battery and the capacitive element during transients, the ratio between the capacity of the battery measured in (Ah) and the capacitance of the capacitive element measured in (F) is less than 1, and the ratio between the capacity of the battery measured in (Ah) and the inductance of the inductive element measured in (μH) is less than 1.
US07745951B2	Wind turbine generator A wind turbine generator that can eliminate the penetration of rainwater and prevent the occurrence of failure is provided. The wind turbine generator includes: a plurality of wind-turbine rotor blades for receiving wind power; a rotor head to which the plurality of wind-turbine rotor blades are attached, the rotor head being rotated and driven by the wind power received by the plurality of wind-turbine rotor blades; a head capsule for covering the rotor head; a blade-side disc portion that extends from each wind-turbine rotor blade radially outward of the wind-turbine rotor blade and is inclined toward the head capsule; a cylindrical portion that is disposed substantially coaxial with each wind-turbine rotor blade and extends from the head capsule toward the tip of the wind-turbine rotor blade; a capsule-side disc portion extending radially outward from each cylindrical portion; and a bent portion that extends radially outward from the outer circumferential edge of each capsule-side disc portion and is inclined toward the tip of the wind-turbine rotor blade.
US07745950B2	Generator-starter system for a multi-shaft engine In order to provide a high electric power for an aircraft via a generator driven by the engine, an additional free turbine is included in the hot-gas flow of the engine, which—equipped with generator-starter magnets (9) and surrounded by annularly arranged generator-starter coils (12)—forms a generator-starter turbine (5) and is connected to the high-pressure shaft (1) via an overrunning clutch (15), and hence, is also used for starting the engine.
US07745946B2	Multifunction integrated portable power and utility apparatus An integrated multi-function, portable power and utility apparatus having a single prime mover device having a single engine device having at least two opposite extending rotary output devices wherein the engine device turns one output device clockwise and the other counterclockwise without belts, pulleys, chains or gears. An electric generator device is directly connected to one of the two rotary output devices and has a plurality of electric output devices. A fluid pumping device is directly connected to the other rotary output device. The fluid pumping device is preferably a rotary screw-type air compressor.
US07745942B2	Die package and probe card structures and fabrication methods A semiconductor die has conductors encapsulated in a dielectric material disposed on the active surface extending across the active surface from bond pads to one or more peripheral edges where the conductor ends are disposed at a side surface of the dielectric material. Stacks of such semiconductor dice, wherein one of the dice is configured with discrete conductive elements projecting from the active surface, and the exposed ends of the dice in the stack are connected with vertical interconnects. A probe card is disclosed having bond wires extending from one or more central contacts between one or more peripheral contacts to the edge of the probe card. A probe card having an upper layer bearing contacts and at least one window therethrough, a lower layer bearing conductive traces with ends exposed through the at least one window, and conductors extending from at least some of the contacts to conductive trace ends is also provided. Methods of making the foregoing structures are disclosed.
US07745941B2	Semiconductor device having shifted stacked chips A first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip which form a stack are mounted on a module substrate by deflecting a center position of the semiconductor chips from the module substrate. In the side where the distance from the edge of the deflected semiconductor chip to the edge of a module substrate is shorter, the electrode pad on the first semiconductor chip and the electrode pad on the second semiconductor chip are directly connected with a wire. In the side where the distance from the edge of the deflected semiconductor chip to the edge of a module substrate is longer, the electrode pad on the first semiconductor chip and the electrode pad on the second semiconductor chip are combined with the corresponding bonding lead on the module substrate with a wire.
US07745937B2	Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same A first gas including a silicon-containing compound is introduced into a vacuum chamber, to expose a semiconductor substrate placed in the chamber to the first gas atmosphere (silicon processing step). Then the pressure inside the vacuum chamber is reduced to a level lower than the pressure at the time of starting the silicon processing step (depressurizing step). Thereafter, a second gas including a nitrogen-containing compound is introduced into the vacuum chamber, and the semiconductor substrate is irradiated with the second gas plasma (nitrogen plasma step).
US07745936B2	Semiconductor integrated circuit device A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a substrate having a PROM formed thereon in which the data memory state of the PROM is changed by the irradiation of light, and a multilayer wiring structure formed on the same side of the substrate as the PROM is formed. The multilayer wiring structure includes a transparent area, a shield area, and a PAD portion. The transparent area is formed from transparent material at a position opposite to the PROM area where the PROM is formed, and used as a light guiding path from the outside of the multilayer wiring structure to the PROM. The shield area is formed continuously from shielding materials arranged in several layers in the periphery of the transparent area. The PAD portion is formed on the outside of the shield area in regard to the transparent area, and controls the memory state of the PROM.
US07745935B2	Method to create super secondary grain growth in narrow trenches The present invention relates to a method for obtaining enlarged Cu grains in small trenches. More specifically it related to a method for creating enlarged copper grains or inducing super secondary grain growth in electrochemically deposited copper in narrow trenches and/or vias to be used in semiconductor devices.
US07745932B2	Semiconductor package, semiconductor package module including the semiconductor package, and methods of fabricating the same Provided are a semiconductor package and a semiconductor package module including the same. The semiconductor package may include a plurality of semiconductor chips, a plurality of leads connected to pads of the semiconductor chips and externally exposed, wherein the plurality of leads may be classified into a plurality of pin groups, and the plurality of semiconductor chips may be classified into a plurality of chip groups, and the pads of the semiconductor chips of like chip groups may be connected to the leads of like pin groups.
US07745931B2	Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof A BGA type semiconductor device having high reliability is offered. A pad electrode is formed on a surface of a semiconductor substrate and a glass substrate is bonded to the surface of the semiconductor substrate. A via hole is formed from a back surface of the semiconductor substrate to reach a surface of the pad electrode. An insulation film is formed on an entire back surface of the semiconductor substrate including an inside of the via hole. A cushioning pad is formed on the insulation film. The insulation film is removed from a bottom portion of the via hole by etching. A wiring connected with the pad electrode is formed to extend from the via hole onto the cushioning pad. A conductive terminal is formed on the wiring. Then the semiconductor substrate is separated into a plurality of semiconductor dice.
US07745929B2	Semiconductor device and method for producing the same A semiconductor device (1) has a semiconductor component (2), a first electrode (6) and a control electrode (7) being arranged on the top side (4). The semiconductor device (1) furthermore has a circuit carrier (3) having a chip island (9) and a plurality of flat conductors (10). The rear side (5) of the semiconductor component (2) is mounted on the chip island (9). The first electrode (6) is electrically connected to a first flat conductor (13) via a first contact clip (16) and the control electrode (7) is electrically connected to a control flat conductor (14) via the second contact clip (19). The upper surface (33) of the first contact clip (16) is at least partly arranged in a plane which is further away from the top side (4) of the semiconductor component (2) than the entire upper surface (34) of the second contact clip (19).
US07745926B2	Composite multi-layer substrate and module using the substrate A composite multi-layer substrate comprising a flat plate-like core member formed of a material having an excellent electric conductivity, an excellent heat conductivity, and a high rigidity, a front resin layer and a rear resin layer covering at least the front and rear surfaces of the core member, and a bottomless hole formed in the core member through the front and rear sides of the core member, wherein an electronic component is installed in the bottomless hole, whereby since the strength of the composite multi-layer substrate can be assured by the rigidity of the core member, conventional prior art glass cloth can be eliminated, deterioration in the electric characteristics caused by ion migration can be avoided and will result in reduced production cost.
US07745925B2	Multi-functional metal shield case and method for making the same A multi-functional metal shield case and a method for making the same are provided. The multi-functional metal shield case includes a metal main body and an electrically non-conductive and heat conductive silicon layer. The metal main body includes a base and sidewalls integrally bent along edges of the base, and the electrically non-conductive and heat conductive silicon layer is formed on inner sides of the base and the sidewalls. Accordingly, heat can be rapidly transferred to the metal main body and emitted to an outside. Since the heat conductive silicon layer is non-conductive, an electric shock does not occur between the electronic component and the metal shield case. Further, since the heat conductive silicon layer is in contact with the electronic component, heat can be transferred more rapidly.
US07745924B2	Capacitor embedded in interposer, semiconductor device including the same, and method for manufacturing capacitor embedded in interposer As for electrode pads for a semiconductor integrated circuit element, some of electrode pads for signal transmission are coupled to Ti films. Others of the electrode pads for signal transmission are coupled to electrode pads through wiring routed in multilayer wiring. Electrode pads for power supply are coupled to electrode pads to which power lines at potentials different from each other are coupled through wiring. The electrode pads are also coupled to Al foils (anodes). Electrode pads for grounding are coupled to electrode pads to which ground lines are coupled through wiring. The electrode pads are also coupled to conductive polymer films (cathodes).
US07745919B2	Semiconductor device including a plurality of semiconductor chips and a plurality of through-line groups A semiconductor device comprising a plurality of semiconductor chips and a plurality of through-line groups is disclosed. Each of the through-line groups consists of a unique number of through-lines. The numbers associated with the through-line groups are mutually coprime to each other. When one of the through-lines is selected for the each through-line group, one of the semiconductor chip is designated by a combination of the selected through-lines of the plurality of the through-line groups.
US07745917B2	Compliant integrated circuit package substrate An integrated circuit package may include a plurality of interconnects, and an integrated package substrate coupled to the plurality of interconnects and comprising an integrated circuit package substrate core. A first surface of the integrated circuit package substrate core may define a depression.
US07745913B2	Power semiconductor component with a power semiconductor chip and method for producing the same A power semiconductor component includes at least one power semiconductor chip and surface-mountable external contacts. The power semiconductor chip includes large-area contact areas on its top side and its rear side, which cover essentially the entire top side and rear side, respectively. The top side also includes, alongside the large-area contact area, a small-area contact area; the areal extent of the small-area contact is at least ten times smaller than the areal extent of the large-area contact areas. The small-area contact area is connected to an individual external contact of the power semiconductor component via a bonding wire connection. The large-area contact area of the top side is connected to external contacts via a bonding tape.
US07745912B2	Stress absorption layer and cylinder solder joint method and apparatus An apparatus, method, and system for providing a stress absorption layer for integrated circuits includes a stiffening layer adapted to limit flexing. A compliance layer is physically associated with the stiffening layer, with the compliance layer adapted to absorb stress caused by mismatched thermal properties between two materials. A thru hole passes through both the stiffening layer and the compliance layer, with the thru hole being adapted to receive a solder joint. The stress absorption layer contacts both a semiconductor package and a substrate. The solder joint disposed in the thru hole connects the semiconductor package to the substrate.
US07745904B2	Shallow trench isolation structure for semiconductor device A semiconductor device provides a transistor adjacent an isolation trench. The device may be formed by producing isolation trenches in a semiconductor substrate, filling the trenches with a filler material, creating voids near top edges of the trenches and annealing by a gaseous ambient to reflow the edges of the trenches causing the edges to become rounded and overhang the trench. The filler material may be a dielectric. The transistors which are then formed in close proximity to the trenches may include source/drain regions formed in the rounded portion of the semiconductor substrate that overhangs the trench.
US07745893B2	Magnetic transistor structure A magnetic transistor includes a first magnetic section, a second magnetic section, a conductive section, a first metal terminal, and a second metal terminal. The conductive section is disposed between and is in direct contact with both the first and second magnetic section. The first metal terminal is disposed on one end of an opposite surface to the conductive section of the first magnetic section. The second metal terminal is disposed on one end approximately diagonal to the first metal terminal on an opposite surface to the conductive section of the second magnetic section. While the magnetic transistor structure is turned on, a current flows through the first magnetic section and the second magnetic section via the conductive section.
US07745891B2	Encapsulation component for integrated micro electromechanical system comprising first and second covers The microsystems are integrated in a first cavity bounded by at least a substrate and by a top wall formed by at least a part of a first cover. The component has a second cavity bounded by at least the whole of the top wall of the first cavity and by a second cover formed by a thin layer. The second cover can be covered by a coating made of plastic material molded from a casting. The fabrication process of the component comprises deposition, on the whole of the top wall of the first cavity, of a layer of polymer material and annealing of the layer of polymer material. The layer of polymer material acts as sacrificial layer for deposition of the thin layer designed to form the second cover.
US07745890B2	Hybrid metal fully silicided (FUSI) gate A semiconductor device and system for a hybrid metal fully silicided (FUSI) gate structure is disclosed. The semiconductor system comprises a PMOS gate structure, the PMOS gate structure including a first high-κ dielectric layer, a P-metal layer, a mid-gap metal layer, wherein the mid-gap metal layer is formed between the high-κ dielectric layer, the P-metal layer and a fully silicided layer formed on the P-metal layer. The semiconductor system further comprises an NMOS gate structure, the NMOS gate structure includes a second high-κ dielectric layer, the fully silicided layer, and the mid-gap metal layer, wherein the mid-gap metal layer is formed between the high-κ dielectric and the fully silicided layer.
US07745887B2	Dual work function metal gate structure and related method of manufacture A semiconductor device and related methods of manufacture are disclosed in which dual work function metal gate electrodes are formed from a single metal layer by doping the metal layer with carbon and/or fluorine.
US07745886B2	Semiconductor on insulator (SOI) switching circuit A disclosed embodiment is a switching circuit including a number of transistors fabricated in a device layer situated over a buried oxide layer and a bulk semiconductor layer. Each transistor has a source/drain junction that does not contact the buried oxide layer, thus forming a source/drain junction capacitance. The disclosed switching circuit also includes at least one trench extending through the device layer and contacting a top surface of the buried oxide layer, thus electrically isolating at least one of the transistors in the switching circuit so as to reduce voltage and current fluctuations in the device layer. The disclosed switching circuit may be coupled to a power amplifier or a low noise amplifier and an antenna in a wireless communications device, and be controlled by a switch control signal in the wireless communications device.
US07745885B2	High voltage power MOSFET having low on-resistance A power MOSFET is provided that includes a substrate of a first conductivity type. An epitaxial layer also of the first conductivity type is deposited on the substrate. First and second body regions are located in the epitaxial layer and define a drift region between them. The body regions have a second conductivity type. First and second source regions of the first conductivity type are respectively located in the first and second body regions. A plurality of trenches are located below the body regions in the drift region of the epitaxial layer. The trenches, which extend toward the substrate from the first and second body regions, are filled with an epitaxially layered material that includes a dopant of the second conductivity type. The dopant is diffused from the trenches into portions of the epitaxial layer adjacent the trenches.
US07745884B2	Nonvolatile semiconductor memory A nonvolatile semiconductor memory of an aspect of the present invention comprises a plurality of memory cell transistors which are connected in series to one another with a first gate spacing, every two adjacent transistors of the memory cell transistors sharing a source/drain diffusion layer, and a first select gate transistor which shares a source/drain diffusion layer with an endmost memory cell transistor that is located at one end of the series connection of the memory cell transistors and is adjacent to that memory cell transistor with a second gate spacing. The second gate spacing is set larger than the first gate spacing and the source/drain diffusion layer shared by the endmost memory cell transistor and the first select gate transistor contains a region which is higher in impurity concentration than the source/drain diffusion layer shared by two adjacent memory cell transistors.
US07745883B2	Modular bipolar-CMOS-DMOS analog integrated circuit and power transistor technology A family of semiconductor devices is formed in a substrate that contains no epitaxial layer. In one embodiment the family includes a 5V CMOS pair, a 12V CMOS pair, a 5V NPN, a 5V PNP, several forms of a lateral trench MOSFET, and a 30V lateral N-channel DMOS. Each of the devices is extremely compact, both laterally and vertically, and can be fully isolated from all other devices in the substrate.
US07745876B2	Semiconductor integrated circuit devices including gate patterns having step difference therebetween and a connection line disposed between the gate patterns and methods of fabricating the same Provided are semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) devices including gate patterns having a step difference therebetween and a connection line interposed between the gate patterns. The semiconductor IC device includes a semiconductor substrate including a peripheral active region, a cell active region, and a device isolation layer. Cell gate patterns are disposed on the cell active region and the device isolation layer. A peripheral gate pattern is disposed on the peripheral active region. A cell electrical node is disposed on the cell active region adjacent to the cell gate patterns. Peripheral electrical nodes are disposed on the peripheral active region adjacent to the peripheral gate pattern. Connection lines are disposed on the cell gate patterns disposed on the device isolation layer. The connection lines are connected between the cell gate patterns and the peripheral gate pattern.
US07745875B2	Method for producing a vertical field effect transistor A method for producing a field effect transistor, in which a plurality of layers are in each case deposited, planarized and etched back, in particular a gate electrode layer, is disclosed. This method allows the manufacturing of transistors having outstanding electrical properties and having outstanding reproducibility.
US07745874B2	Floating gate having multiple charge storing layers, method of fabricating the floating gate, non-volatile memory device using the same, and fabricating method thereof Provided is a floating gate having multiple charge storing layers, a non-volatile memory device using the same, and a method of fabricating the floating gate and the non-volatile memory device, in which the multiple charge storing layers using metal nano-crystals of nano size is formed to thereby enhance a charge storage capacity of the memory device. The floating gate includes a polymer electrolytic film which is deposited on a tunneling oxide film, and is formed of at least one stage in which at least one thin film is deposited on each stage, and at least one metal nano-crystal film which is self-assembled on the upper surface of each stage of the polymer electrolytic film and on which a number of metal nano-crystals for trapping charges are deposited. The floating gate is made by self-assembling the metal nano-crystals on the polymer electrolytic film, and thus can be fabricated without undergoing a heat treatment process at high temperature.
US07745873B2	Ultra-thin body vertical tunneling transistor A vertical tunneling, ultra-thin body transistor is formed on a substrate out of a vertical oxide pillar having active regions of opposing conductivity on opposite ends of the pillar. In one embodiment, the source region is a p+ region in the substrate under the pillar and the drain region is an n+ region at the top of the pillar. A gate structure is formed along the pillar sidewalls and over the body layers. The transistor operates by electron tunneling from the source valence band to the gate bias-induced n-type channels, along the ultra-thin silicon bodies, thus resulting in a drain current.
US07745870B2	Programming and erasing structure for a floating gate memory cell and method of making A floating gate memory cell has a floating gate in which there are two floating gate layers. The top layer is etched to provide a contour in the top layer while leaving the lower layer unchanged. The control gate follows the contour of the floating gate to increase capacitance therebetween. The two layers of the floating gate can be polysilicon separated by a very thin etch stop layer. This etch stop layer is thick enough to provide an etch stop during a polysilicon etch but preferably thin enough to be electrically transparent. Electrons are able to easily move between the two layers. Thus the etch of the top layer does not extend into the lower layer but the first and second layer have the electrical effect for the purposes of a floating gate of being a continuous conductive layer.
US07745868B2	Semiconductor device and method of forming the same A semiconductor device may include a MOS transistor having source and drain regions in a semiconductor substrate, a first inter-layer insulator having first contact holes that reach the source and drain regions over the MOS transistor. Cell contact plugs in the first contact holes contact with the source and drain regions. A second inter-layer insulator over the first inter-layer insulator and the cell contact plugs has second contact holes that reach the cell contact plugs. Contact plugs each have first and second portions. The first portion is in the second contact hole. The second portion extends over the first second inter-layer insulator. Metal barrier layers cover the upper surfaces of the second portions of the contact plugs. Capacitors each have a bottom electrode layer, a capacitive insulating layer and a top electrode layer. The bottom electrode layers each have a contact portion that contacts with the metal barrier layer.
US07745867B2	Integrated DRAM process/structure using contact pillars A capacitor under bitline DRAM memory cell and method for its fabrication provides a high density memory cell with the capacitor formed in the PMD layer. The memory cell utilizes several variations of storage contact pillar structures as, for example, a storage plate of the memory cell capacitor formed within a trench in the PMD layer. This capacitor plate structure is overlaid with a capacitor dielectric layer which is overlaid with another conductive layer, for example, the M1 layer to form the other capacitor plate. An access transistor formed between substrate active regions and a word line, is in electrical communication with a bit line contact, the storage contact capacitor plate, and the word line respectively. The high density memory cell benefits from the simple standard processes common to logic processes, and in one embodiment requiring only one additional masking step.
US07745866B2	Semiconductor device and method for fabricating the same A semiconductor device includes a capacitor which has: a lower electrode formed along an opening provided above a semiconductor substrate to have a concave cross section; a capacitor insulating film formed on the inner and top surfaces of the lower electrode; and an upper electrode formed on the capacitor insulating film. The upper electrode includes: a first conductive film formed on the inner surface of the capacitor insulating film and filling the opening; and a second conductive film formed to extend from the top surface of the first conductive film to the top surface of the capacitor insulating film.
US07745861B2	Photodiodes and image sensors including the same Example embodiments may provide a photodiode formed of semiconductor silicide and/or an image sensor using a photodiode formed of semiconductor silicide. The photodiode may have a p-n junction structure including a p-type semiconductor silicide and an n-type semiconductor silicide. The image sensor may include a substrate, a photodetector unit having the photodiode, which may perform photoelectric transformation, and/or a signal transmitter transmitting a signal generated by the photodetector unit to an output unit. The photodetector unit and/or the signal transmitter may be integrated in the substrate.
US07745856B2	Lipid nanotube or nanowire sensor A sensor apparatus comprising a nanotube or nanowire, a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer. Also a biosensor apparatus comprising a gate electrode; a source electrode; a drain electrode; a nanotube or nanowire operatively connected to the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode; a lipid bilayer around the nanotube or nanowire, and a sensing element connected to the lipid bilayer.
US07745855B2	Single crystal fuse on air in bulk silicon An integrated eFUSE device is formed by forming a silicon “floating beam” on air, whereupon the fusible portion of the eFUSE device resides. This beam extends between two larger, supporting terminal structures. “Undercutting” techniques are employed whereby a structure is formed atop a buried layer, and that buried layer is removed by selective etching. Whereby a “floating” silicide eFUSE conductor is formed on a silicon beam structure. In its initial state, the eFUSE silicide is highly conductive, exhibiting low electrical resistance (the “unblown state of the eFUSE). When a sufficiently large current is passed through the eFUSE conductor, localized heating occurs. This heating causes electromigration of the silicide into the silicon beam (and into surrounding silicon, thereby diffusing the silicide and greatly increasing its electrical resistance. When the current source is removed, the silicide remains permanently in this diffused state, the “blown” state of the eFUSE.
US07745854B2	Substrate for growing compound semiconductor and epitaxial growth method It is to provide a substrate for growing a semiconductor, which is effective for suppressing an occurrence of surface defects different in type from hillock defects in case of epitaxially growing a compound semiconductor layer, particularly an Al-based compound semiconductor layer.In a substrate for growing a compound semiconductor, in which a crystal surface inclined at a predetermined off angle with respect to a (100) plane is a principal plane, an angle made by a direction of a vector obtained by projecting a normal vector of the principal plane on the (100) plane and one direction of a [0-11] direction, a [01-1] direction, a [011] direction and a [0-1-1] direction is set to be less than 35°, and the compound semiconductor layer is epitaxially grown on the substrate.
US07745851B2	Polytype hetero-interface high electron mobility device and method of making A high electron mobility device and method of making is provided whereby a two-dimensional electron gas is formed at a hetero-junction or hetero-interface between different polytypes of a semiconductor material. The different crystal forms or polytypes of the semiconductor material having different electronic bandgaps are used to provide the bandgap necessary to form the two-dimensional electron gas.
US07745847B2	Metal oxide semiconductor transistor The present invention provides a method for fabricating a metal oxide semiconductor transistor. First, a semiconductor substrate is provided and at least a gate is formed on the semiconductor substrate. A protective layer is then formed on the semiconductor substrate and the gate. Subsequently, at least a recess is formed in the semiconductor substrate adjacent to the gate, and then an epitaxial layer is formed in the recess. A lightly doped region is formed in the semiconductor substrate adjacent to the gate. Finally, a spacer is formed on the sidewall of the gate.
US07745846B2	LDMOS integrated Schottky diode A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a first conductivity type and a semiconductor layer formed over the substrate and having lower and upper surfaces. A laterally diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor device is formed over the substrate and includes a source region of the first conductivity type and a drain extension region of the first conductivity type formed in the semiconductor layer proximate the upper surface of the semiconductor layer, and a drain contact electrically connecting the drain extension region to the substrate. A Schottky diode is formed over the substrate and includes at least one doped region of the first conductivity type formed in the semiconductor layer proximate to the upper surface, an anode contact forming a Schottky barrier with the at least one doped region, and a cathode contact laterally spaced from the anode contact and electrically connecting at least one doped region to the substrate.
US07745840B2	Solide-state light source A solid-state light source includes a substrate, a solid-state light-emitting chip, a plurality of micro-members and a light-permeable encapsulation. The substrate has a substantially flat surface. The solid-state light-emitting chip is arranged on the substantially flat surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate. The micro-members are arranged on the surface of the substrate and parallel with the solid-state light emitting chip. The light-permeable encapsulation is arranged on the surface of the substrate and covers the solid-state light-emitting chip and the micro-members.
US07745839B2	Double wavelength semiconductor light emitting device and method of manufacturing the same Provided are a double wavelength semiconductor light emitting device, having an n electrode and p electrode disposed on the same surface side, in which the area of a chip is reduced to increase the number of chips taken from one single wafer, in which light focusing performance of double wavelength optical beams are improved, and in which an active layer of a light emitting element having a longer wavelength can be prevented from deteriorating in a process of manufacturing; and a method of manufacturing the same.Semiconductor lasers D1 and D2 as two light emitting elements having different wavelengths are integrally formed on a common substrate 1. A semiconductor laminate A is deposited on an n-type contact layer 21 in a semiconductor laser D1, and a semiconductor laminate B is deposited in a semiconductor laser D2. The semiconductor laminate A and semiconductor laminate B are configured to have different layer structures. An n electrode 12 formed between the semiconductor lasers D1 and D2 is shared by the semiconductor lasers D1 and D2, and serves as a common electrode on an n side. Additionally, the semiconductor laminate having a shorter wavelength is crystal-grown firstly.
US07745837B2	Semiconductor light-emitting device with high light-extraction efficiency and method for fabricating the same The invention discloses a semiconductor light-emitting device and a method of fabricating the same. The semiconductor light-emitting device according to the invention includes a substrate, a first semiconductor material layer, a multi-layer structure and an ohmic electrode structure. The substrate has a first upper surface and a plurality of recesses formed on the first upper surface. The first semiconductor material layer is formed on the first upper surface of the substrate and has a second upper surface. The multi-layer structure is formed on the second upper surface of the first semiconductor material layer and includes a light-emitting region. The ohmic electrode structure is formed on the multi-layer structure. In particular, the first semiconductor material layer has a refractive index different from those of the substrate and a bottom-most layer of the multi-layer structure.
US07745836B2	High-power, broad-band, superluminescent diode and method of fabricating the same Provided are a superluminescent diode with a high optical power and a broad wavelength band, and a method of fabricating the same. The superluminescent diode includes: at least one high optical confinement factor (HOCF) region; and at least one low optical confinement factor (LOCF) region having a lower optical confinement factor than the HOCF region. The method includes obtaining a difference of optical confinement factors in the HOCF region and the LOCF region through a selective area growth method, the selective area growth method using a deposition thicknesses difference of thin layers according to a width difference of openings that expose a substrate.
US07745830B2	LCD with increased pixel opening sizes A liquid crystal display having an increased pixel aperture ratio is disclosed along with a method of making same. An array of a-Si TFTs is deposited on a transparent substrate. Subsequently, an organic insulating layer (e.g. Benzocyclobutene) and a corresponding array of pixel electrodes are deposited over the TFT array so that the pixel electrodes overlap the display address lines thereby increasing the display's pixel aperture ratio. The low dielectric constant ∈ (e.g. about 2.7) and relatively high thickness (e.g. greater than about 1.5 μm) of the insulating layer reduce the pixel electrode-address line parasitic capacitance CPL in the overlap areas thereby reducing cross-talk (or capacitive coupling) in the display. In sum, an increased pixel aperture ratio is achieved without sacrificing display performance.
US07745827B2	Memory device Conventionally, the layer of the insulator between a cathode and an anode is formed by a droplet discharge method, vapor deposition, or the like separately from an interlayer insulating film formed over a thin film transistor, which creates problems of increase in cost and the number of manufacturing steps. A memory device of the present invention includes a first conductive film; an insulating film formed over the first conductive film; and a second conductive film formed over the insulating film, and an opening and a contact hole which are formed in the insulating film. Further, the insulating film exists between the first conductive film and the second conductive film formed in the opening, and the first conductive film and the second conductive film are electrically connected in the contact hole.
US07745825B2	Pixel structure and method for forming the same A pixel structure comprising at least one transistor, a first storage capacitor, a first conductive layer, an interlayer dielectric layer, a second conductive layer, a passivation layer, and a third conductive layer is provided. The first storage capacitor is electrically connected to the transistor. The interlayer dielectric layer having at least one first opening covers the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer is formed on a part of the interlayer dielectric layer and is electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the first opening. The passivation layer having at least one second opening covers the transistor and the second conductive layer. The third conductive layer is formed on a part of the passivation layer and is electrically connected to the transistor through the second opening. The first storage capacitor is formed by the third conductive layer, the passivation layer, and the second conductive layer.
US07745822B2	Thin film transistor and thin film transistor substrate including a polycrystalline semiconductor thin film having a large heat capacity part and a small heat capacity part A TFT and the like capable of realizing performances such as a low threshold voltage value, high carrier mobility and a low leak current easily. A TFT consists of a polycrystalline Si film having a small heat capacity part and a large heat capacity part, and the small heat capacity part is used at least as a channel part. The polycrystalline Si film is formed of a crystal grain film through laser annealing of an energy density with which the small heat capacity part melts completely but the large heat capacity part does not melt completely. Since the channel part is formed of large crystal grains grown from the boundaries between the small heat capacity part and the large heat capacity parts, it is possible to realize performances such as a low threshold voltage value, high carrier mobility and a low leak current by using a typical laser annealing device.
US07745821B2	Aryl dicarboxylic acid diimidazole-based compounds as n-type semiconductor materials for thin film transistors A thin film transistor comprises a layer of organic semiconductor material comprising an organic semiconductor material that comprises an aryl dicarboxylic acid diimidazole-based compound. Such transistors can further comprise spaced apart first and second contact means or electrodes in contact with said material. Further disclosed is a process for fabricating ac thin film transistor device, preferably by sublimation or solution-phase deposition onto a substrate, wherein the substrate temperature is no more than 150° C.
US07745819B2	Pyrene derivatives and organic electronic device using pyrene derivatives The present invention provides an organic electronic device using the compound of the formula (1) and a pyrene derivative having a new structure.
US07745816B2	Single-photon detector with a quantum dot and a nano-injector A semiconductor photodetector for photon detection without the use of avalanche multiplication, and capable of operating at low bias voltage and without excess noise. In one embodiment, the photodetector comprises a plurality of InP/AlInGaAs/AlGaAsSb layers, capable of spatially separating the electron and the hole of an photo-generated electron-hole pair in one layer, transporting one of the electron and the hole of the photo-generated electron-hole pair into another layer, focalizing it into a desired volume and trapping it therein, the desired volume having a dimension in a scale of nanometers to reduce its capacitance and increase the change of potential for a trapped carrier, and a nano-injector, capable of injecting carriers into the plurality of InP/AlInGaAs/AlGaAsSb layers, where the carrier transit time in the nano-injector is much shorter than the carrier recombination time therein, thereby causing a very large carrier recycling effect.
US07745815B2	Polarization-sensitive quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array A quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array having structures, each structure having stacked layers of quantum wells and a reflective grating to provide polarization sensitivity. The reflective grating is etched to provide electrical contacts for individual pixels. The reflective gratings comprise grooves, where the grooves for a particular structure run in a particular direction to provide polarization sensitivity. Each structure may comprise groups of quantum well layers, each group sensitive to a particular frequency band. By shorting out unwanted quantum well layers, and by forming the reflective gratings to come into contact with the quantum well layers having a particular frequency band sensitivity, the pixels in the QWIP focal plane array may provide frequency and polarization information.
US07745814B2	Polychromatic LED's and related semiconductor devices A semiconductor device is provided comprising a first potential well located within a pn junction and a second potential well not located within a pn junction. The potential wells may be quantum wells. The semiconductor device is typically an LED, and may be a white or near-white light LED. The semiconductor device may additionally comprise a third potential well not located within a pn junction. The semiconductor device may additionally comprise absorbing layers surrounding or closely or immediately adjacent to the second or third quantum wells. In addition, graphic display devices and illumination devices comprising the semiconductor device according to the present invention are provided.
US07745811B2	Phase change memory devices and methods for fabricating the same Phase change memory devices and methods for fabricating the same. An exemplary phase change memory device includes a conductive element formed in a dielectric layer. A phase change material layer is formed in the dielectric layer. A conductive layer extends in the dielectric layer to respectively electrically connect the phase change layer and a sidewall of the conductive element.
US07745810B2	Nanotube films and articles Nanotube films and articles and methods of making the same are disclosed. A conductive article includes an aggregate of nanotube segments in which the nanotube segments contact other nanotube segments to define a plurality of conductive pathways along the article. The nanotube segments may be single walled carbon nanotubes, or multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The various segments may have different lengths and may include segments having a length shorter than the length of the article. The articles so formed may be disposed on substrates, and may form an electrical network of nanotubes within the article itself. Conductive articles may be made on a substrate by forming a nanotube fabric on the substrate, and defining a pattern within the fabric in which the pattern corresponds to the conductive article. The nanotube fabric may be formed by growing the nanotube fabric on the substrate using a catalyst, for example, in which the catalyst is a gas phase catalyst, or in which the catalyst is a metallic gas phase catalyst. The nanotube fabric may be formed by depositing a solution of suspended nanotubes on the substrate. The deposited solution may be spun to create a spin-coating of the solution. The solution may be deposited by dipping the substrate into the solution. The nanotube fabric is formed by spraying an aerosol having nanotubes onto a surface of the substrate.
US07745805B2	Product inspection system and a method for implementing same that incorporates a correction factor A system and method for measuring the physical characteristics of an object is provided, wherein the method includes disposing the object within the sensor optical path of an inspection system, causing a source collimated light beam to propagate along the source optical path to be at least partially incident upon the reflecting device, reflecting the source collimated light beam to create a reflected collimated light beam that propagates along the sensor optical path such that the reflected collimated light beam is at least partially incident upon the object to produce a silhouette, wherein at least a portion of the silhouette is incident upon the sensing device to generate initial image data responsive to the silhouette and processing the initial image data responsive to at least one predetermined algorithm to generate resultant image data responsive to at least one of a plurality of physical characteristics of the object.
US07745801B2	Ion sources, systems and methods Ion sources, systems and methods are disclosed.
US07745800B1	Omni-directional solid-state thermal neutron detector A directional neutron detecting apparatus includes first and second neutron detectors. Each neutron detector includes a thin planar sheet of neutron-reactive material; a first ohmic electrode operably coupled to one side of the planar sheet of neutron-reactive material; a second ohmic electrode operably coupled to a second side of the planar sheet of neutron-reactive material; a voltage source operably coupled to the first and second ohmic electrodes; and an electrical current detector operably coupled in series between the first ohmic electrode and the voltage source. The first and second neutron detectors are arranged so that their planar neutron-reactive sheets are substantially parallel, opposing and are spaced from each other. Multiple directional neutron detecting apparatuses may be arranged mutually orthogonally to thereby provide omni-directional neutron detection.
US07745797B1	Digital x-ray detector assembly A digital radiography imaging system having a digital x-ray detector that is easy to manufacture and produces high quality images with no artifacts. The digital x-ray detector including a front cover, a scintillator screen member, a light imager panel member having a surface in direct contact with an adjoining surface of the scintillator screen member, a compressible member positioned between the front cover and the scintillator screen member to apply pressure to the scintillator screen member and the adjoining surface between the scintillator screen member and the light imager panel member, electronic circuitry mounted on at least one printed circuit board and coupled to the light imager panel, a back cover, and a plurality of fasteners for fastening the front cover to the back cover.
US07745796B2	Planar radiation detector using radiation-induced-charge conversion film of amorphous selenium In a planar radiation detector having a substrate; a charge-collection electrode; a radiation-induced-charge conversion film formed mainly of amorphous selenium; and an upper electrode which transmits radiation, or in a planar radiation detector having a substrate; a charge-collection electrode; a light-induced-charge conversion film which is formed mainly of amorphous selenium and generates electric charge when the light-induced-charge conversion film is irradiated with visible light which has passed through an upper electrode; the upper electrode which transmits the visible light emitted from a fluorescent layer; and the fluorescent layer formed of a fluorescent material which converts a radiation carrying image information into the visible light, the radiation-induced-charge conversion film or the light-induced-charge conversion film is formed of amorphous selenium or amorphous selenium alloy and has a residual oxygen concentration of 35 ppm or lower.
US07745793B2	Infrared signal receiver, liquid crystal display and optical element There is provided an infrared signal receiver which includes a photo-detector unit receiving light in a predetermined infrared wavelength region, sent from a remote operating unit; and an optical element disposed in front of the photo-detector unit, allowing the light of the predetermined infrared wavelength region to transmit therethrough in preference to other infrared wavelength region. In the receiver, the predetermined signal wavelength region is a region of 930 nm or longer and 960 nm or shorter, and mean transmittance of light of the optical element in the predetermined signal wavelength region is larger than mean transmittance of light in a region of 900 nm or longer and shorter than 930 nm, and/or, mean transmittance of light in a region of longer than 960 nm and 1,020 nm or shorter.
US07745788B2	Optical trapping with a semiconductor A method and apparatus are disclosed for forming an optical trap with light directed through or above a semiconductor material. A preferred embodiment selected light-trapping wavelengths that have lower absorption by the semiconductor. A preferred embodiment provides for an optical trapping through semiconductor employing a thin silicon (Si) wafer as a substrate. Further embodiments of the invention provide for microchannel fabrication, force probe measurement, sorting, switching and other active manipulation and assembly using an optical trap.
US07745787B2	Electron beam device Disclosed here is a high resolution scanning electron microscope having an in-lens type objective lens. The microscope is structured so as to detect transmission electrons scattering at wide angles to observe high contrast STEM images according to each sample and purpose.A dark-field detector is disposed closely to the objective lens magnetic pole. The microscope is provided with means for moving the dark-field detector along a light axis so as to control the scattering angle of each detected dark-field signal.
US07745786B2	Method and apparatus allowing simultaneous direct observation and electronic capture of scintillation images in an electron microscope A method and apparatus allowing for simultaneous direct viewing and electronic capture of images in an electron microscope (TEM). For this, the usual opaque direct viewing plate in the TEM is replaced in form and in function by a two-sided direct viewing plate including at least one scintillator. This plate produces light emissions from both its upper and lower surfaces, which allows an electronic camera below the plate to be used simultaneously with direct human viewing from above the plate. The method and apparatus are also compatible with traditional permanent image recording units that are often desired in such microscopes.
US07745783B2	Monochromator and radiation source with monochromator A monochromator (1) for a charged particle optics, in particular, for electron microscopy, comprises at least one first deflection element (2, 3) with an electrostatic deflecting field (2′, 3′) for generating a dispersion (4) in the plane (5) of a selection aperture (6) to select charged particles of a desired energy interval (7) and at least one second deflection element (8, 9) with an electrostatic deflecting field (8′, 9′) which eliminates the dispersion (4) of the at least one first deflecting field (2′, 3′). A radiation source (17) comprises such a monochromator (1). High monchromatism without intensity contrasts caused by defects of the slit aperture is thereby achieved in that the deflection elements (2, 3, 8, 9) have a design other than spherically shaped and their electrodes (24, 25) are given a potential (φ+, φ−) such that the charged particles (xα, yβ) which virtually enter the image of the radiation source (17) at different respective angles (α, β) in different sections (x, y), are differently focused such that charged particles (xα, yβ) of one energy are point focused (10, 10′, 10″) exclusively in the plane (5) of the selection aperture (6), since zero-crossings (11, 12) of the deflections (A) of the charged particles (xα, yβ) of the different sections (x, y) only coincide there at the same axial position (z, E).
US07745782B2	Electrostatic charge measurement method, focus adjustment method, and scanning electron microscope A method and a device are disclosed for suppressing error in electrostatic charge amount or defocus on the basis of electrostatic charge storage due to electron beam scanning when measuring the electrostatic charge amount of the sample or a focus adjustment amount by scanning the electron beam. An electrostatic charge measurement method, a focus adjustment method, or a scanning electron microscope for measuring an electrostatic charge amount or controlling an application voltage to the sample changes the application voltage to the energy filter while moving the scanning location of the electron beam on the sample.
US07745780B2	Multiplex data acquisition modes for ion mobility-mass spectrometry A method and apparatus for multiplexed data acquisition for gas-phase ion mobility coupled with mass spectrometry is described. Ion packets are injected into an ion mobility drift chamber at a rate faster than the ion mobility separation arrival time distribution. The convoluted arrival time distributions thus generated are deconvoluted by a mass spectrometer and post-processing algorithms.
US07745777B2	Active imaging system that recaptures and processes a reflected illumination beam In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, an active imaging system is provided for imaging a target of interest. An imaging assembly includes a light source and an optical assembly comprising a plurality of passive optical components. The optical assembly divides received light into a first beam, having a first polarization and a second beam, having a second, orthogonal polarization, directs the first and second beam along respective first and second optical paths within the optical assembly, and recombines the first and second beams into a combined beam. A sensor detects the combined beam.
US07745776B2	Photo detecting apparatus comprising a current control element In a photo detecting apparatus, a first capacitance is caused by a photo detecting element and the first capacitance is charged or discharged by current flowing through the photo detecting element. A second capacitance is connected in parallel with the photo detecting element, and the second capacitance charges or discharges an electric charge overflowing from the first capacitance. A current control element is connected to a terminal of the second capacitance on a side where the electric charge flows in, and the current control element delivers a current to cancel part of an electric charge when the electric charge overflowing from the first capacitance is stored in the second capacitance.
US07745765B2	Thermal and high magnetic field treatment of materials and associated apparatus An apparatus and method for altering characteristics, such as can include structural, magnetic, electrical, optical or acoustical characteristics, of an electrically-conductive workpiece utilizes a magnetic field within which the workpiece is positionable and schemes for thermally treating the workpiece by heating or cooling techniques in conjunction with the generated magnetic field so that the characteristics of the workpiece are effected by both the generated magnetic field and the thermal treatment of the workpiece.
US07745762B2	Optimizing the thermal budget during a pulsed heating process An approach for optimizing the thermal budget during a pulsed heating process is disclosed. A heat sink or thermal transfer plate is configured and positioned near an object, such as a semiconductor wafer, undergoing thermal treatment. The heat sink is configured to enhance the thermal transfer rate from the object so that the object is rapidly brought down from the peak temperature after an energy pulse. High thermally-conductive material may be positioned between the plate and the object. The plate may include protrusions, ribs, holes, recesses, and other discontinuities to enhance heat transfer and avoid physical damage to the object during the thermal cycle. Additionally, the optical properties of the plate may be selected to allow for temperature measurements via energy measurements from the plate, or to provide for a different thermal response to the energy pulse. The plate may also allow for pre-heating or active cooling of the wafer.
US07745760B2	Method of manufacturing soldering iron A soldering iron provided with a soldering tip that melts solder at a distal end, having inside said soldering tip a substantially cylindrical insertion fit recess portion extending from a proximal end of the soldering tip to the distal end, opening at the proximal end, and a heater formed into a coil shape and whose surface is covered with an insulating oxide film being fittingly inserted into the insertion fit recess portion.
US07745759B2	Apparatus for brewing beverages An electrically heated water kettle comprises a vessel for holding a liquid for extraction of tea, coffee or other food material. The vessel includes a partially open immersible container sized to allow the passage of water between the walls of the vessel. The container is capable of holding the material while an opening in the container allows the entrance of water into the container upon immersion of the container in the water. The heated kettle incorporates structure to hold the container out of the water until the water reaches an appropriate extraction temperature and to immerse or withdraw the container into or from the water as is necessary to accomplish the extraction.
US07745754B2	Apparatus, method and program product for processing mail or documents using a mail or document processing device Disclosed is a method for processing a stream of mail pieces from different sources. The steps include detecting information corresponding to the first source from at least a first mail piece of the stream, detecting information corresponding to the second source from at least a second mail piece of the stream, counting a number of mail pieces for each of the first source and the second source, and generating a report detailing a count of mail pieces for each of the first source and the second source.
US07745746B2	Micromachined mechanical switch A mechanical switch is arranged to electrically connect a power source to an electrical component. The switch includes a resilient structure, a first electrically conductive element connected to the power source and a second conductive element connected to the electrical component. At least one of the conductive elements is attached to the resilient structure. The switch is arranged such that the conductive elements are positioned out of contact with one another in the absence of a force being applied to the switch, and the resilient structure is moveable in response to a force applied thereto, the force being applied upon rotation of a tire to which the switch is connected. Upon the application of a force above a predetermined threshold, the resilient structure moves to bring the conductive elements into contact with one another, the contact electrically connecting the power source to the electrical component.
US07745745B2	Housing for a pyromechanical disconnecting device with integrated ignition element A pyromechanical disconnecting device, in particular for battery shutoff in a motor vehicle include a housing (1) in which there is arranged a conductor bus (11) that is designed to be severable by a cutting chisel (12) at a predetermined cut point, the cutting chisel being capable of being accelerated by the propellant gases of an ignition element (2). In order to facilitate assembly it is proposed that the housing (1) be extruded around the ignition element (2), which in this way forms one structural unit with the housing (1).
US07745740B2	Wire/cable identification device An electric wire identifier that includes an anti-short bushing in the form of an electrical insulating ring-like insert fitted onto the end of a metal or armored clad cable that defines the terminal end of the armored cable or into the end of an electrical connector that is generally inserted through a knock-out hole of an electric box or panel, and which bushing includes an integral extension or surface capable of retaining thereon suitable identifying indicia that is rendered visible throughout the lifetime of the electrical installation. In another form of the invention, the wire identifiers, in the form of a label or tag having a loop attachment that may be arranged in a tree or roll whereby the individual labels or tags can be readily dispensed as needed.
US07745739B2	Sealing a controller A housing (1) with at least one electrical connection (7) through a housing wall (4) can be manufactured especially economically and can facilitate an especially economical lacing of electronic components (2, 13) present on the interior and on the exterior of the housing (1). The electrical connection (7) is enclosed by a housing material and additionally sealed by a sealing material (6). The sealing material (6) also advantageously serves to seal a top (3) and a bottom (5) to the housing wall (4). Through the combination of the casing of the electrical connection (7) of the housing (1) and the sealing material (6), this arrangement is, moreover, especially impervious to oil or other aggressive media.
US07745736B2	Interconnecting substrate and semiconductor device An interconnecting substrate is provided with a base insulating film having a sunken section in a bottom surface thereof, a first interconnection provided in the sunken section, a via hole formed in the base insulating film, and a second interconnection which is connected to the first interconnection via a conductor within the via hole and is formed on a top surface of the base insulating film, wherein the interconnecting substrate includes a first interconnection pattern formed of the first interconnection which includes at least a linear pattern which extends along a second direction orthogonal to a first direction, and a warpage-controlling pattern which is provided in the sunken section in the bottom surface of the base insulating film and is formed in such a manner as to suppress a warpage of the interconnecting substrate toward a bottom side on both sides of the first direction.
US07745735B2	Cross-over of conductive interconnects and a method of crossing conductive interconnects A cross-over (140); of first (142) and second (144) separate elongate conductive interconnects, comprising: a first elongate conductive interconnect (142); a first conductive portion (110a) separate from the first elongate conductive interconnect (142); a second conductive portion (110b) separate from the first elongate conductive interconnect (142); first insulating material (122) adjacent at least a portion (111) of the first elongate conductive interconnect (142); and a third electro-deposited metal portion (124) extending adjacent the first insulating material (122) to interconnect the first (110a) and second (110b) conductive portions, wherein the first (110a), second (110b) and third (124) portions are interconnected portions of the second elongate conductive interconnect (144); and a substrate, wherein the first insulating material and the third electro-deposited metal portion are positioned between the substrate and the first elongate conductive interconnect.
US07745732B2	Drawn strand filled tubing wire A wire for use in medical applications. The wire is formed by forming a bundle from a plurality of metallic strands and positioning the bundle within an outer tube. The tube and strands are then drawn down to a predetermined diameter to form a wire for use in medical devices. The wire may be covered with an insulating material.
US07745729B2	Conductive connection and cutting method thereof A conductive connection such as a flexible printed circuit board (FPC) or flexible flat cable is disclosed. The conductive connection has a substrate and conductive wires provided on the substrate. After the conductive connection is cut to be put into application, ends of the wires extend out of an edge of the substrate due to the cutting. In accordance with the present invention, the substrate edge from which the wire ends extend out has protrusions provided. Accordingly, when the conductive connection is applied to a flat display of a mobile phone, for example, short circuit resulting from the wire ends extending out of the substrate edge improperly contacting metal portion of other phone parts is avoided.
US07745726B2	Assembly structure An assembly structure is provided. The assembly structure includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a medium layer disposed between the first and second substrates. The medium layer includes a side edge, and the second substrate includes at least one lead wire. When the second substrate is disposed on the medium layer, the lead wire of the second substrate is relatively oblique to the side edge of the medium layer.
US07745722B2	System for mounting a solar module on a roof or the like and method of installing A system and method for installing a solar module on a roof using a mounting structure which can be adjusted after it has been fixed to the roof. The mounting structure is comprised of a plate having a slot into which an adjustable bracket is slidably positioned. The mounting structures are spaced from each other and the plates are fixed to the roof by toggle bolts or the like. A framed module is placed across the structures and one or both of the adjustable brackets are adjusted to align holes in the frame of the module with threaded chambers in the brackets. Next, threaded fasteners are passed through the holes and into the chambers to thereby secure the solar module to the roof.
US07745718B2	Music-piece classifying apparatus and method, and related computer program A bibliographic-information impression word is generated from a bibliographic information segment about selected one of music pieces. An acoustic feature quantity of an audio signal representing the selected music piece is calculated. A feature-quantity impression word is generated from the calculated acoustic feature quantity. A degree of conformity between the bibliographic-information impression word and the feature-quantity impression word is determined. Both the bibliographic-information impression word and the feature-quantity impression word are selected as final impression words when the determined conformity degree is greater than a predetermined threshold value. One is selected from the bibliographic-information impression word and the feature-quantity impression word as a final impression word when the determined conformity degree is not greater than the predetermined threshold value. A signal representing the final impression word or words is stored into a storage in relation to the selected music piece.
US07745717B2	Wearable electronic device In a wearable electronic device attachable to an arm, a display screen is disposed on a top face of a main body which is attached to the arm. First and second controls are arranged adjacent to opposite sides of the display screen, respectively, and project obliquely from the top face of the main body. The first control is configured to move toward a near side of the display screen by an operation of the user and to return spontaneously to a rest position away from the near side. The second control is configured to move toward a near side of the display screen by an operation of the user and to return spontaneously to a rest position away from the near side. An operation of one of the first and second controls or both of the first and second controls enables setting of the device using the display screen.
US07745716B1	Musical fitness computer An audio player comprises a means of dynamically sensing the rate of repetitive motion of the user, a means for storing digital music files, a means for retrieving and dynamically playing at least one of said music files at a rate approximately equal to the sensed rate of repetitive motion of the user, and a means for dynamically calculating and displaying information and/or statistics regarding at least one of the music file and the user. Such a device can play music, or other audio content with a repetitive beat, in substantial synchrony with the repetitive motion of the user. The device also allows the user to dynamically choose or change the music file playing. The device may detect, calculate, and display to the user various information.
US07745713B2	Electronic musical instrument with direct print interface In an electronic musical instrument, an input device inputs performance information. A tone generator operates based on tone setting parameters for generating music sounds according to the performance information. A display is capable of switching a plurality of scenes for displaying either of the performance information or tone setting parameters. An image data generation part creates one or a plurality of print image data representing contents of the plurality of the scenes upon detecting a print instruction operation. An interface is provided in the electronic musical instrument to output the print image data directly to an external printer for printing out the contents of the scenes.
US07745711B2	Pan musical instruments and methods for making same The invention provides pan musical instruments, or pans, and methods of making same. Particularly, a process for mechanization and mass production of tunable pans with improved consistency, sound quality, and ease of tuning is provided.
US07745704B2	Cotton variety 04V073 The invention relates to the novel cotton variety designated 04V073. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants, plant parts and derivatives of the cotton variety 04V073. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the cotton variety 04V073 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing cotton plants by crossing the cotton variety 04V073 with itself or another cotton variety and plants produced by such methods.
US07745700B2	Insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis The present invention relates to the field of plant pest control, particularly insect control. Provided are nucleotide sequences from Bacillus thuringiensis encoding insecticidal proteins. Further provided are methods and means for using said nucleotide sequence for controlling plant insect pests. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.
US07745698B2	Peptide extension for enhancement of transgene expression in chloroplasts The invention provides a novel method of controlling gene expression in plastids, using a peptide extension that can be fused to a desired protein, expression cassettes that include the genetic constructs, and plants comprising the novel expression systems. A nucleic acid sequence encoding a peptide extension fused in frame to a protein coding sequence. This genetic construct is subsequently inserted into the chloroplast genome, where the peptide extension increases expression of the fused protein. The present invention further describes the use of this method for increased production of cellulose-degrading enzymes in chloroplasts.
US07745697B2	MEG1 endosperm-specific promoters and genes The present invention relates to promoters that enable gene expression which is both specific to the endosperm and early during the development of the endosperm, as well as nucleic acid molecules encoding basal endosperm transfer cell layer (BETL) proteins.
US07745695B2	Generation of plants with altered oil content The present invention is directed to plants that display an altered oil content phenotype due to altered expression of a HIO1005 nucleic acid. The invention is further directed to methods of generating plants with an altered oil content phenotype.
US07745694B1	Methods and compositions for synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants The present invention relates to compositions and methods for preparing polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids in plants, plant parts and plant cells, such as leaves, roots, fruits and seeds. Nucleic acid sequences and constructs encoding fatty acid desaturases, including Δ5-desaturases, Δ6-desaturases and Δ12-desaturases, are used to generate transgenic plants, plant parts and cells which contain and express one or more transgenes encoding one or more desaturases. Expression of the desaturases with different substrate specificities in the plant system permit the large scale production of polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and the like for modification of the fatty acid profile of plants, plant parts and tissues. Manipulation of the fatty acid profiles allows for the production of commercial quantities of novel plant oils and products.
US07745692B2	Enlargement and new use of soybean endosperm tissue The invention relates to genetic manipulation and evaluation of soybean seed, particularly for the enlargement and use of endosperm tissue for galactomannan gum extraction. A method for combining several elements which have heretofore been misunderstood or were unknown, is presented. The resulting enlarged endosperm tissue has many commercial uses.
US07745688B2	Model mouse of Alzheimer's disease expressing FAD APP 716 and use thereof The present invention provides a non-human model mammal of Alzheimer's disease (AD) containing chimeric amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene capable of producing human amyloid β peptide (Aβ) or a living part thereof, characterized in that Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio at 8-weeks-old is about 7-fold or more (about 140-fold or more in homozygote) higher compared to that of a corresponding wild-type mammal. Moreover, the present invention provides the mammal or a living part thereof, further characterized in that the level of APP expression is not significantly different compared to the corresponding wild-type mammal, and a screening method for a prophylactic and/or therapeutic drug for AD, a biomarker in biological fluids and molecular imaging of amyloid deposition or other pathological changes in the brain for an early diagnosis of AD using the mammal or a living part thereof.
US07745687B2	Absorbent article with reinforced absorbent structure An absorbent structure can include a matrix of fibers, wherein the matrix is reinforced with a reinforcing member, such as scrim. Preferably, the scrim is secured to the fibrous matrix by entanglement of fibers with the scrim and entanglement of fibers in the matrix from opposite sides of the scrim with each other. The scrim layer can be restricted to a longitudinally extending, medial region of the absorbent. In a particular arrangement, the scrim has a cross-directional width dimension which is less than a narrowest width dimension of the fibrous matrix. The scrim can be located between two, opposed, major surfaces of the fibrous matrix.
US07745685B2	Absorbent articles with improved odor control A technique for incorporating odor control agent particles into an absorbent article is provided. More specifically, the odor control particles are “homogenously” distributed (e.g., in a substantially uniform manner) within an airformed fiber matrix of an absorbent core of an absorbent article. An absorbent core containing such a homogeneously distributed odor control particles may possess a greater surface area for contacting malodorous compounds, thereby increasing the likelihood of odor reduction.
US07745683B2	Deformable and conformable wound protecting apparatus and its method of application A simple, versatile and easily applicable deformable wound protector apparatus for preventing foreign objects such as clothing and dressing from contacting the wound comprising a desirable length, a start and an end, and a lower and upper surface. The present invention may further include bridges and connectors to enhance its application. The deformable wound protector can conform to the specific contour and size of any wound and may be used with any dressing.
US07745680B1	Compositions, methods, and systems for reducing contamination Exemplary compositions, methods, and systems are disclosed that can be useful for reducing a concentration of a contaminant associated with a medium, which can be any substance or material, such as soil, water, air, and/or fluid. In one exemplary method, the medium is treated with Fe-MDGA and an oxidizing agent in amounts effective to oxidize at least a portion of the contaminant. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. This abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).
US07745678B2	Alkyl aromatic isomerization process using a catalyst comprising a UZM-8HS composition A process for isomerizing alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons using a catalyst comprising a zeolite and a platinum group metal component is described. The zeolite comprises a new family of zeolites designated UZM-8HS which are derived from UZM-8 zeolites by treating the UZM-8 with a fluoro-silicate salt, an acid, etc. The UZM-8HS zeolites have unique x-ray diffraction patterns.
US07745676B2	Alkylaromatics production A process is described for producing an alkylaromatic compound, in which a first feed comprising an alkylatable aromatic compound and a second feed comprising an alkene are introduced into a first alkylation reaction zone comprising a first alkylation catalyst. The first alkylation reaction zone is operated under conditions effective to cause alkylation of the alkylatable aromatic compound by the alkene to produce said alkylaromatic compound, the conditions being such that the alkylatable aromatic compound is at least predominantly in the vapor phase. A first effluent comprising the alkylaromatic compound and unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound is withdrawn from the first alkylation reaction zone and at least part of the unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound is treated to remove catalyst poisons therefrom and produce a treated unreacted alkylatable aromatic stream. At least part of the unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound and a third feed comprising said alkene is introduced into a second alkylation reaction zone comprising a second alkylation catalyst. The second alkylation reaction zone is operated under conditions effective to cause alkylation of the unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound by the alkene to produce said alkylaromatic compound, the conditions being such that the alkylatable aromatic compound is at least predominantly in the liquid phase. A second effluent comprising said alkylaromatic compound is withdrawn from the second alkylation reaction zone.
US07745674B2	Alkylation slurry reactor A process for alkylation of benzene, including: feeding benzene, a polyalkylate, and a catalyst to a reactor comprising a first and a second reaction zone; reacting the benzene and the polyalkylate in the first reaction zone under transalkylation conditions to form a monoalkylate product; feeding a C2-C4 olefin to the reactor intermediate the first and second reaction zones; reacting benzene and the C2-C4 olefin in the second reaction zone under alkylation conditions to form additional monoalkylate product; recovering an effluent from the reactor, wherein the effluent comprises benzene, the monoalkylate product, any unreacted C2-C4 olefins, heavy hydrocarbons, and the catalyst; separating the catalyst from the effluent; separating the benzene from the monoalkylate product and the heavy hydrocarbons within the liquid effluent; separating the monoalkylate product from the heavy hydrocarbons within the liquid effluent; and recovering the monoalkylate product.
US07745672B2	Catalytic conversion of ethanol and methanol to an isobutanol-containing reaction product using a thermally decomposed hydrotalcite/metal Hydrotalcite/metal carbonate combinations are partially or fully thermally decomposed to provide catalysts useful for the conversion of ethanol and methanol to a reaction product comprising isobutanol.
US07745671B2	Method for producing scyllo-inositol It is intended to provide a novel NAD+-independent myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase which converts myo-inositol into scyllo-inosose in the absence of NAD+; a novel enzyme scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase which stereospecifically reduces scyllo-inosose into scyllo-inositol in the presence of NADH or NADPH; and a novel microorganism which belongs to the genus Acetobacter or Burkholderia and can convert myo-inositol into scyllo-inositol. By using these enzymes or the microorganism, scyllo-inositol is produced. Furthermore, scyllo-inositol is purified by adding boric acid and a metal salt to a liquid mixture containing scyllo-inositol and a neutral saccharide other than scyllo-inositol to form a scyllo-inositol/boric acid complex, separating the complex from the liquid mixture, dissolving the thus separated complex in an acid to give an acidic solution or an acidic suspension and then purifying scyllo-inositol from the acidic solution or the acidic suspension.
US07745670B2	Curcumin-Resveratrol hybrid molecule Novel molecules based upon hybridization of curcumin and hydroxystilbenes, such as resveratrol. It is believed that these novel molecules will have special application in treating Alzheimer's Disease.
US07745666B2	Method for producing aldehyde using bisphosphite and group 8-10 metal compound, and such bisphosphite A bisphosphite represented by the general formula (I):General Formula (I) (in the formula, A represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent, a cycloalkylene group which may have a substituent, a phenylene group which may have a substituent, or a naphthylene group which may have a substituent; and R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group) and a method for producing an aldehyde including reacting a non-conjugated diene having a carbon-carbon double bond in a molecular end and having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms with a carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of such a bisphosphite and a group 8 to 10 metal compound, are provided.
US07745665B2	Substituted phenethylamines Disclosed herein are substituted phenethylamine alpha adrenergic receptor modulators of Formula I, process of preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof.
US07745664B2	Processes for preparing venlafaxine and venlafaxine hydrochloride of form I A process for preparing venlafaxine in a high yield as well as processes for producing venlafaxine hydrochloride of form I having a very high polymorphic purity are described.
US07745658B2	Process for preparing tertiary alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical The present invention relates to a process for preparing tertiary alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical. The process includes reacting (meth)acrylic acid with at least one olefin of formula (I) in homogeneous phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst in a reactor, discharging the resulting reaction mixture from the reactor, separating the discharged reaction mixture into a first mixture which contains the catalyst and a second mixture which contains the tertiary alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, and removing the tertiary alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical from the second mixture in the presence of compound S, which comprises at least one N-oxyl group and is added as a stabilizer.
US07745656B2	Stable no-delivering compounds Disclosed are novel NO-releasing compounds which comprise a stabilized S-nitrosyl group and a free alcohol or a free thiol group. Also disclosed is a method of preparing the NO-releasing compounds. The method comprises reacting a polythiol or a thioalcohol with a nitrosylating agent. Also disclosed are medical devices coated with the disclosed compounds, methods of delivering NO to treatments sites in a subject by utilizing the medical devices and methods of sterilizing surfaces.
US07745653B2	Fluorochemical compounds having pendent silyl groups Fluorochemical silane compounds and coating compositions derived therefrom are described. The compounds and compositions may be used in treating substrates, in particular substrates having a hard surface such as ceramics or glass, to render them water, oil, stain, and soil repellent.
US07745651B2	Cationic lipids and methods of use The present invention provides compositions comprising cationic lipids, liposomes and nucleic acid-lipid particles comprising the cationic lipids, and methods of using such compositions, liposomes, and nucleic acid-lipid particles.
US07745650B2	9,10-α,α-OH-taxane analogs and methods for production thereof The present invention relates to taxane analogs for the treatment of cancer having the general formula: wherein R1 and R2 are each selected from H, an alkyl group, an olefinic group, an aromatic group, an O-alkyl group, an O-olefinic group, or an O-aromatic group; R3 is hydroxyl or OP1; R4 and R5 are each hydroxyl or R7COO; R6 is hydroxyl, OP2, R7COO, or an ether functionality; R7 is an alkyl group, an olefinic group, or an aromatic group; P1 and P2 are each hydroxyl protecting groups; R8 and R9 are each selected from H, alkyl group, olefinic or aromatic group. The present invention is also directed to production methods and intermediates useful in the formation of these new taxane analogs. The methods may begin with a starting compound, such as paclitaxel or docetaxel, which is converted into a taxane analog through various intermediate compounds.
US07745649B2	Processes for preparing tetrahydropyran-4-one and pyran-4-one The present invention relates to a process for preparing tetrahydropyran-4-one represented by the formula (1): which comprises reacting at least one kind of dihydropyran-4-one and pyran-4-one represented by the formula (2): wherein represents a single bond or a double bond, and hydrogen (a) in the presence of a metal catalyst, in a mixed solvent of an aprotic solvent and an alcohol solvent, or (b) in the presence of an anhydrous metal catalyst in which a hydrated metal catalyst is subjected to dehydration treatment, in a hydrophobic organic solvent.
US07745642B2	Glycine transport inhibitors The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), or to salts or solvates thereof, their use in the manufacture of medicaments for treating neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, in particular psychoses, dementia or attention deficit disorder. The invention further comprises processes to make these compounds and pharmaceutical formulations thereof.
US07745641B2	Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound The present invention provides a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound represented by formula (I): {wherein W represents a nitrogen atom or —CH—; X represents —C(═O)— or —CHR4— (wherein R4 represents a hydrogen atom, or the like}; R1 represents a group represented by the following formula: [wherein Q1 represents a nitrogen atom or —CR8— (wherein R8 represents a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or the like). Q2 represents —NR15— (wherein R15 represents a hydrogen atom, or the like) and R5 and R6 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or the like]; and R2 and R3 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or the like} or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the like.
US07745639B2	Mitotic kinesin inhibitors The present invention relates to dihydropyrazole compounds that are useful for treating cellular proliferative diseases, for treating disorders associated with KSP kinesin activity, and for inhibiting KSP kinesin. The invention also related to compositions which comprise these compounds, and methods of using them to treat cancer in mammals.
US07745634B2	Process for preparing triazolones The present process provides a improved method for the preparation of alkylsulfanyl substituted triazoles 2 which are useful intermediates in a new process for the preparation of triazolones 20.
US07745631B2	Process for producing 2-(phenyl methyl thio)-3-pyridine carboxylic acid The invention discloses an improved process for producing an intermediate to produce large quantity of 2-(Phenyl methyl thio)-3-pyridine carboxylic acid. The process comprises reacting 2-chloro-3-cyanopyridine with benzyl mercaptan in presence of a base and an aprotic solvent. The resulting intermediate 2-(phenyl methyl thio)-3-cyanopyridine is hydrolyzed in presence of a base in an autoclave and isolated under acidic condition to get the desired product.
US07745630B2	Triazolyl piperidine arginine vasopressin receptor modulators Compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, wherein: Z, O, A, V, Y and Y′ are as defined herein; are useful for treating dysmenorreah.
US07745628B2	Method for obtaining a pharmaceutically active compound, synthesis intermediates thereof and methods for obtaining them The present invention relates to a method for obtaining Dolasetron that comprises: a) Esterification of the alcohol of formula (IV) with indole-3-carboxylic acid (compound (III)) or a reactive derivative thereof, to give a compound of formula (V), followed by step b) which includes Dieckmann reaction of the intermediate (V), by reaction with a strong organic or inorganic base, to give the intermediate (VI), and step c) which comprises dealcoxycarbonylation of the intermediate (VI) to give Dolasetron base and, if desired, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, hydrates or solvates of the base of said salt. The invention also relates to the intermediates (V) and (VI), and methods for obtaining them. With the method of the present invention Dolasetron is obtained at industrial scale with good yields, with decreased use of reactants and solvents, while said method is also of greater atomic efficiency.
US07745623B2	Cyclic amide derivative, and its production and use The present invention provides a cyclic amide derivative useful as a drug for treating thrombosis, which is represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 represents an optionally substituted cyclic hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, W represents a bond or an optionally substituted divalent chain hydrocarbon group, a represents 0, 1, or 2, X1 represents an optionally substituted lower alkylene or an optionally substituted lower alkenylene, Y1 represents —C(O)—, —S(O)— or —S(O)2—, A represents a piperazine ring which may be further substituted or a piperidine ring which may be further substituted, X2 represents a bond or an optionally substituted lower alkylene, Y2 represents —C(O)—, —S(O)—, —S(O)2— or —C(═NR7)—, X3 represents an optionally substituted C1-4 alkylene or an optionally substituted C2-4 alkenylene, Z3 represents —N(R4)—, —O— or a bond, Z1 represents —C(R2)(R2′)—, —N(R2)—, etc., and Z2 represents —C(R3)(R3′)—, —N(R3)—, etc., or a salt thereof.
US07745618B2	Method of making porphyrins A method of making a compound of Formula I: is carried out by condensing a pair of compounds of Formula II (which pair may be the same or different), or by condensing a compound of Formula III with a compound Formula IV, to produce a compound of Formula I. The condensing step may be carried out with a metal salt under basic conditions.
US07745617B2	Metallophthalocyanine mixed crystal and phthalocyanine pigment containing the same A mixed crystal consists of a first metallophthalocyanine compound selected from metallophthalocyanine compounds having at least one trifluoromethyl group and having a central metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and copper, and a second metallophthalocyanine compound selected from metallophthalocyanine compounds optionally having at least one substituent group other than trifluoromethyl group and having a central metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel and copper. The mixed crystal exhibits a peak at 2θ of 5.9 to 6.4° in X-ray diffractometry.
US07745614B2	Universal linker compositions for the release or transfer of chemical agents from a polynucleotide A universal linker structure is provided, in which a functional group and activating leaving group are placed on a tether, allowing the placement of an electrophile at the end of any nucleic acid sequence. The electrophile on the tether can react with a second nucleic acid carrying a nucleophile when the two nucleic acids are hybridized near one another, resulting in release of the leaving group, and creation of a functional change. The linker can be designed to destabilize the ligation product without slowing the rate of reaction. This lowers product inhibition, and the target DNA or RNA can become a catalyst for isothermally generating multiple signals for detection. This enhanced signal is demonstrated in solution experiments and in solid supported assays. The universal linkers of the present invention are simple and inexpensive to prepare, and can be appended to any polynucleotide in automated steps on a standard DNA synthesizer.
US07745612B2	siRNA targeting interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible through the use of siRNA technology. By selecting particular siRNAs by rational design, one can maximize the generation of an effective gene silencing reagent, as well as methods for silencing genes. Methods, compositions, and kits generated through rational design of siRNAs are disclosed including those directed to nucleotide sequences for IRAK4.
US07745611B2	siRNA targeting KRAS Efficient sequence specific gene silencing is possible through the use of siRNA technology. By selecting particular siRNAs directed to silencing KRAS, one can maximize the generation of an effective gene silencing reagent, as well as methods for silencing genes.
US07745602B2	Compositions and methods for drought tolerance The present inventions relate to compositions and methods for providing drought resistant grass plants comprising Festuca mairei plant germplasm. Specifically, the inventions relate to providing compositions and methods for introgressing Festuca mairei germplasm and/or specific Festuca mairei genes into grass plants, such as Lolium perenne plants. Further, the invention relates to methods of grass plant breeding comprising genetic markers for identifying the preferred Festuca mairei germplasm introgressed into grass plants, and providing commercially desirable drought resistant cultivars of grass plants.
US07745600B2	Isolated nucleic acids for mutant mammalian Nav 1 proteins A method or screen for assessing the potential of a compound to treat a pathological condition, such as arrhythmia, which is manifested by an increased late sodium current in a heart is disclosed. The method employs a mutant sodium channel protein having an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids among the ten amino acids occurring at the carboxy end of the S6 segments of D1, D2, D3 or D4 domains of mammalian Nav1 differs from the amino acid in wild-type Nav1 by substitution with tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine or cysteine. Cells transfected with a nucleic acid that encodes a mutant mammalian Nav1 protein, as well as isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence that codes for a mutant mammalian Nav1 protein are disclosed.
US07745599B1	Hexose oxidase-encoding DNAs and methods of use thereof A method of producing hexose oxidase by recombinant DNA technology, recombinant hexose oxidase and the use of such enzyme, in particular in the manufacturing of food products such as doughs and dairy products, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, dental care products and in the manufacturing of lactones. Suitable sources of DNA coding for the enzyme are marine algal species including Chondrus crispus, Iridophycus flaccidum and Euthora cristata. In useful embodiments, the recombinant hexose oxidase is produced by Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae or E. coli.
US07745597B2	TRPC6 involved in glomerulonephritis Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disorder of unknown etiology and up to 20% of patients on dialysis have this diagnosis. A large family with hereditary FSGS carries a missense mutation in the TRPC6 gene on chromosome 11q, encoding the ion channel protein Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel 6. The missense mutation is a P112Q substitution, which occurs in a highly conserved region of the protein, enhances TRPC6-mediated calcium signals in response to agonists such as angiotensin II, and alters the intracellular distribution of TRPC6 protein. Previous work has emphasized the importance of cytoskeletal and structural proteins in proteinuric kidney diseases. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism for glomerular disease pathogenesis.
US07745595B2	Compositions and methods for detecting Atopobium vaginae Disclosed are oligonucleotides useful in methods for determining whether a sample contains Atopobium vaginae or has an increased likelihood of containing Atopobium vaginae, an organism which is seen in conjunction with bacterial vaginosis or is a causative agent of bacterial vaginosis. These oligonucleotides, which have nucleotide sequences derived from a segment of the genome of Atopobium vaginae, are useful as forward and reverse primers for a polymerase chain reaction using nucleic acids from a biological sample as a template, and as probes for detecting any resultant amplicon. Detection of an amplicon indicates the sample contains Atopobium vaginae or has an increased likelihood of containing Atopobium vaginae.
US07745594B2	Nucleic acid-based logic circuits This invention relates to nucleic acid-based logic gates. The invention further relates to circuits comprising nucleic acid-based logic gates and methods of performing operations with the gates and circuits provided herein.
US07745591B2	Phosphinoamidite carboxylates and analogs thereof in the synthesis of oligonucleotides having reduced internucleotide charge Nucleoside phosphinoamidite carboxylates and analogs are provided that have the structure of formula (III) wherein A is hydrogen, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxy-substituted lower alkoxy, halogen, SH, NH2, azide or DL wherein D is O, S or NH and L is a heteroatom-protecting group, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl, or substituted heteroatom-containing hydrocarbyl; B is a nucleobase; and one of R11 and R12 is a blocking group and the other is (IV) or (VI) in which W, X, Y, Z, R1 and n are as defined herein.
US07745590B1	Degradable macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and methods thereof Degradable macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for use in various diagnostic procedures, and methods for synthesizing, using and degrading these agents, are described. The macromolecule contrast agents disclosed in various aspects of this invention are degradable gadolinium compounds which show prolonged plasma retention, and enhanced permeability and retention in solid tumors, but are still capable of being rapidly cleared from the body.
US07745589B1	Antibodies and unnatural substrates of prenylation enzymes for use in detecting and isolating prenylated proteins Unnatural substrates of prenylation enzymens and antibodies that recognize unique moieties of prenylated proteins, which unique moieties are transferred from the unnatural substrates are used for detecting and isolating prenylated proteins, and for screening for inhibitors of prenylation enzymes.
US07745588B2	Antibodies to a paralytic peptide The invention relates to a low molecular weight peptide (or suite of related peptides) isolated from the submaxillary saliva glands of shrews of the species Blarina as a paralytic agent. This novel paralytic agent is useful as a neuromuscular blocker and analgesic or as an insecticide.
US07745587B2	Antibodies that bind MMP-14 Proteins that bind to matrix metalloproteinase 14 and methods of using such proteins are described.
US07745579B1	Inhibitor of NF-KB activation The present invention relates to a protein, designated NAP (Nemo Associated Protein), that was discovered to inhibit the activation of transcription factor NF-kB by various signals that are important in inflammatory and immune processes. The DNA and the recombinant production of this protein is also disclosed as well as methods of using the protein or encoding DNA.
US07745572B2	Peptides effective in the treatment of tumors and other conditions requiring the removal or destruction of cells The invention is directed to methods of treating conditions requiring removal or destruction of harmful or unwanted cells in a patient, such as benign and malignant tumors, using compounds containing or based on peptides comprising a part of the amino acid sequence of a neural thread protein.
US07745571B2	Peptide inhibitors of IASPP The invention relates to a polypeptide or part thereof which inhibits the apoptotic activity of the tumor suppressor protein p53, and includes screening methods to identify agents which interfere with the activity of the polypeptide.
US07745570B2	PH dependent adhesive peptides A novel peptide adhesive motif is described that requires no receptor or cross-links to achieve maximal adhesive strength. Several peptides with different degrees of adhesive strength have been designed and synthesized using solid phase chemistries. All peptides contain a common hydrophobic core sequence flanked by positively or negatively charged amino acids sequences.
US07745559B2	Integrated circuit device An integrated circuit device includes: an internal circuit disposed on an inside area of the integrated circuit device; and at least one regulator circuit that generates a regulation voltage formed by stepping down a power supply voltage provided from outside, wherein an output terminal of the regulator circuit is connected to a first pad that is an external terminal of the integrated circuit device and a power supply line of the internal circuit, and the regulator circuit controls the state of the output terminal based on a plurality of control signals inputted respectively to a plurality of control terminals.
US07745558B2	Entrapped β-cyclodextrin polymer and a method of preparing the same Provided are entrapped β-cyclodextrin polymers and a method of preparing the same. Particularly, entrapped β-cyclodextrin polymers are prepared by adding epichlorohydrin to β-cyclodextrin to prepare a polymer in a gel state, entrapping the polymer by entrapment of metal ions on the surface of the polymer and pulverizing the entrapped polymer to prepare powders. According to the entrapped β-cyclodextrin polymers, steroid hormones contained in a biological sample can be simply extracted without using an additional device required in conventional solid-phase extraction.
US07745554B2	Method for producing a polyisobutene The invention relates to a process for preparing polyisobutene having a mean molecular weight Mn of from 400 to 50 000, in particular from 500 to 10 000, by polymerizing isobutene in the presence of a BF3-containing complex catalyst, wherein the polymerization is carried out at least temporarily in the presence of one or more cyclic ethers.
US07745552B2	Fouling prevention in polymerization reactors Reactor designs and processes for operating such reactor designs to minimize or eliminate fouling in homogeneous polymerization processes (solution and supercritical). The process includes providing a reactor with one or more feed entry ports, wherein the reactor feed components are fed through each of the one or more feed entry ports at a linear velocity of greater than or equal to 0.3 m/min. The one or more feed entry ports may also be optionally extended beyond the interior reactor wall by greater than or equal to 2% of the internal radius of the reactor to further decrease the propensity for fouling. A stirred reactor may also include a stirrer feed port for purging the stirrer with a stirrer purge stream at a linear velocity of greater than or equal to 0.3 m/min to decrease stirrer fouling.
US07745541B2	Lubricating oil additive composition and method of making the same An oil-soluble lubricating oil additive composition prepared by the process which comprises reacting a copolymer, with at least one ether compound and with at least one aromatic amine.
US07745538B2	Polymer composite, film thereof and separation membrane made therefrom Polymer composite including a compatibilizer and having selective permeability to chemical permeants due to interaction differences between the compatibilizer and the chemical permeants, includes 50-99 wt % of an amorphous thermoplastic resin selected from the group polyethylenepropylendienterpolymer, poly(1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne), amorphous nylon, polystyrene and polycarbonate; 0.9-50 wt % of a semi-crystalline polymer selected from the group polyamide (nylons), polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyetheretherketone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, and thermotropic or lyotropic liquid crystal polymer, and dispersed in the amorphous thermoplastic resin to provide a dispersed phase having an interface with the amorphous thermoplastic resin; and 0.1-10 wt % of a compatibilizer positioned at the interface of the dispersed phase with the amorphous thermoplastic resin and having different interactions with different chemical permeants so that the selective permeability of the polymer composite is affected.
US07745534B2	Process for the production of ceramic green films with acetalized polyvinyl alcohols Acetalized polyvinyl alcohols having a high residual polyvinyl acetate content are suitable as use as dispersing agents in the production of ceramic green films.
US07745532B2	Systems and methods for controlling and forming polymer gels The preferred embodiments of the present invention provide polymer compositions and methods for controlling a property of a resultant gel. A preferred method includes dissolving a vinyl polymer in a first solvent to form a solution; and contacting the vinyl polymer solution in a suitable volume of at least one immersion solvent comprising a second solvent to cause gelation. In preferred embodiments, the invention provides poly(vinyl alcohol) compositions and methods that produce physically crosslinked hydrogels that have tunable physical properties. Also provided are articles of manufacture such as prosthetic intervertebral disks and contact lenses.
US07745531B2	Crosslinkable compositions based on organosilicon compounds Crosslinkable compositions based on organosilicon compounds with a very high storage stability contain fine-particle metacarbonate. Storage stability of the composition is increased as compared to conventional forms of carbonates.
US07745526B2	Transparent polyolefin compositions Disclosed herein are various compositions, including a transparent compositions with maximum haze of 50%, comprising (including): a first polymer component (FPC) that includes polypropylene having a melting point (Tm) ≧110° C.; a second polymer component (SPC) that includes a propylene polymer having 60 wt % or more units derived from propylene, including isotactically arranged propylene derived sequences and Tm<105° C. or a Heat of Fusion<45 J/g, or both; and a hydrocarbon resin having a Tg≧20° C.; wherein: the SPC is present in the amount of ≧10 wt % and ≦70 wt % based on the total weight of a), b) and c) and the composition has: Haze value of ≦50 percent; and Shore A Hardness of 90 or below.
US07745525B2	Waterfast dye fixative compositions for ink jet recording sheets A coating composition comprising a blend of at least two dye fixatives, at least one of which is a cationic polymer, and at least one of the other dye fixatives is a polyvalent metal salt, to form a water-insoluble complex. The ink recording sheets comprise a composition that is absorbed into the surface of the substrate as a sizing material, or alternatively, forms a continuous layer on the substrate. The present invention also encompasses methods for making the ink jet recording sheets.
US07745521B2	Acoustic waveguide plate An acoustic (sound or ultrasound) wave transmitter having a plurality of waveguides is described, and a method of making such a transmitter is described. Each waveguide may have a cladded core. The cladded core is capable of transmitting acoustic wave energy from a first end surface to a second end surface of the cladded core. The waveguides may be substantially fixed relative to each other by a binder. The binder may be formed by fusing the claddings together, potting a material between the waveguides and/or mechanically holding the waveguides.
US07745520B2	Hybrid polymer light-emitting devices Mixtures and light-emitting devices that incorporate such mixtures are disclosed in which a soluble phenyl-substituted poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) copolymer (“superyellow”) is used as the host light-emitting polymer and methyltrioctylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, an ionic liquid, is used to introduce a dilute concentration of mobile ions into the emitting polymer layer. These mixtures and devices incorporating them are able to combine some of the characteristics of polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs).
US07745517B2	Polyvinyl alcohol films with improved resistance to oxidizing chemicals A water-soluble film which comprises a saceharide component and a vinyl alcohol resin component, where the vinyl alcohol resin may include functional comonomer units such as sulfonic acid functional groups or salts thereof. Preferred are polyvinyl alcohol/2-methylacrylamido-2 methyl propane sulfonic acid resins (PVOH/AMPS) which may be purchased commercially with relatively higher or relatively lower characteristic viscosity. The films exhibit superior resistance to aggressive oxidizing chemicals and remain soluble in water after prolonged exposure thereto. The films are particularly useful for unit-dose packaging of chlorine-containing pool chemicals, such as trichloroisocyanuric acid.
US07745508B2	Compositions and methods for coating food cans A composition for coating food cans is disclosed. The composition comprises a polyester, an acrylic copolymer and a crosslinker; the polyester and acrylic copolymer have been compatibilized in some way, such as through graft copolymerization. Methods for compatibilizing acrylics and polyesters are also disclosed as are methods for coating cans using compositions comprising acrylic and polyesters.
US07745506B2	UV-curable ink-jet ink, electronic circuit board, electronic component and display device A UV-curable ink-jet ink is provided, which has a high sensitivity and allows soft and highly fine patterns to be formed. The UV-curable ink-jet ink includes a mono-functional polymerizable monomer (A) having a hydroxyl group, a di(meth)acrylate ester (B) and a photo-polymerization initiator (C).
US07745504B2	Process for producing porous spherical polyamide particle Porous spherical particles of polyamide 11 or polyamide 12 can be produced by an industrially advantageous process which comprises the steps of mixing a polyamide solution of polyamide 11 or polyamide 12 dissolved in a phenol compound and a low molecular weight aliphatic alcohol which is a poor solvent for the polyamides but is well compatible with the phenol compound in the presence of a high molecular weight alkylene glycol to prepare a mixture solution having an initial viscosity of 10 mPa·s or more, and allowing the mixture solution to stand, to precipitate polyamide particles.
US07745503B2	Use of dialkyl carbonates as solvents for expanded polystyrene The invention relates to the use of dialkyl carbonates as solvents for expanded polystyrene and to a new process for the recycling of expanded polystyrene. Said process comprises the volume reduction of expanded polystyrene by dissolution with a dialkyl carbonate, or a blend of dialkyl carbonates, the removal of the insoluble components by filtration, the selective precipitation of polystyrene with a non-solvent or a blend of non-solvents, the separation, drying and extrusion of the precipitated polystyrene. This process allows the recovery of pure polystyrene without altering its properties.
US07745502B2	Hydrogen recovery from hydrocarbon synthesis processes The invention relates to a process for producing a hydrogen-rich stream from a hydrogen-depleted stream. More particularly, the invention relates to a hydrocarbon synthesis process, by way of example, a Fischer Tropsch process, from which both hydrocarbons and high purity hydrogen are obtained. The process comprises contacting the hydrogen-depleted stream with a reverse-selective membrane to provide a CO2-enriched permeate and a hydrogen-containing retentate. The high purity hydrogen is produced from the hydrogen-containing retentate. The high purity hydrogen thus obtained may be used in a process selected from the group consisting of upgrading hydrocarbons produced from the hydrocarbon synthesis process, hydrotreating a natural gas stream, recycling to the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction unit, high purity hydrogen production, catalyst rejuvenation, and combinations thereof.
US07745501B2	Method for demulsifying The invention relates to a method for separating emulsions of oil and water, the method comprising incorporating a demulsifying-effective amount of a silicone demulsifier into an emulsion comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, the silicone demulsifier having a molecular structure comprising a polysiloxane backbone of at least two siloxane units covalently bound to (i) one or more alkylene oxide groups comprising one or more alkylene oxide units independently having one to five carbon atoms, and (ii) one or more oxirane-containing and/or oxetane-containing groups, wherein said oxirane or oxetane is optionally ring-opened by reaction with a chemical or group capable of ring-opening an oxirane or oxetane ring, respectively, and wherein a solid filler is substantially excluded from the silicone demulsifier and emulsion. The invention also relates to compositions containing the above-described demulsifier and the water and oil phases of an emulsion.
US07745497B2	Electrostatic aerosol compositions An electrically neutral composition in the form of a water-in-oil or an oil-in-water emulsion is imparted with a unipolar electrostatic charge on spraying from an aerosol spray device by incorporating into the composition a non-ionic surfactant and at least one polar or ionic or aromatic or linearly conjugated compound. The amount of the polar or ionic or aromatic or linearly conjugated compound included in the composition is about 0.01 to about 80% w/w based on the non-ionic surfactant, but is such that the theoretical conductivity of the emulsion is less than the bulk conductivity of the emulsion.
US07745496B2	Process for preparing halogenoalkylnitrates A process for preparing a compound of formula (I) X-(CH2)n-ONO2 (I) wherein: X is a halogen atom selected from Cl, Br, I; n is an integer from 3 to 6; said process comprising the slow addition of a compound of formula (II) X-(CH2)n-OH (II) wherein X and n are as defined above to a nitrating agent selected from the group consisting of concentrated nitric acid/concentrated sulfuric acid (sulfonitric mixture), nitric acid alone, NaNO2 in trifluoroacetic acid, nitronium salts such as NO2BF4 and an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane. The invention refers also to solutions containing: a compound of general formula (I) and a solvent selected from the group consisting of CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, characterized in that the compound of formula (I) is present in a concentration not higher than 20% by weight.
US07745489B2	Compositions and methods for inhibition of phospholipase A2 mediated inflammation Specific, highly potent 2-oxo-amide based inhibitors of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity are provided. A role for PLA2 activity in spinally mediated inflammatory processes is established, and a method for treating hyperalgesia and other inflammatory conditions associated with PLA2 activity is provided.
US07745479B2	1,5-substituted indol-2-yl amide derivatives The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1 to R4 and G are as defined in the description and claims and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are associated with the modulation of H3 receptors.
US07745478B2	Perfected process for the preparation of stable nitroxide radicals Process for the preparation of stable nitroxide radicals (I) starting from N-benzylphthalimide in three steps. In the first step, the N-benzylphthalimide is transformed into N-benzyl-1,1,3,3-tetralkylisoindoline by treatment with a Grignard reagent prepared in methyl-tert-butyl ether. In the second step, the N-benzyl-1,1,3,3-tetraalkylisoindoline is transformed into 1,1,3,3-tetra-alkylisoindoline by hydrogenolysis. In the third step, the 1,1,3,3-tetra-alkyl-isoindoline is transformed into the nitroxide radical by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from acids and salts of polymolybdic or polytungstic acids.
US07745477B2	Heteroaryl and benzyl amide compounds Compounds of formula I wherein R1, R2, R4, R5, A, B, D and n are as defined, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, processes for their preparation, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.
US07745474B2	Imidazole derivatives for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders The present invention relates to novel imidazole derivatives having a positive allosteric GABAB receptor (GBR) modulator effect, methods for the preparation of said compounds and to their use, optionally in combination with a GABAB agonist, for the inhibition of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations, for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, as well as for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The compounds are represented by the general formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3 and Y are as defined in the description. For example, R1 may be phenyl, R2 may be dimethylamino, R3 may be alkoxy and Y may be a thioylamino- or methyl eneamino- linked substitutuent containing an aryl group.
US07745469B2	Fungicidal active substance combinations The invention relates to novel fungicidally active compound combinations of 2′-cyano-3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxanilide of the formula and active compounds listed in the disclosure.
US07745468B2	Compounds for treatment of cell proliferative diseases The present invention concerns compounds and their use to treat cell proliferative diseases such as cancer. Compounds of the present invention display significant potency as kinase inhibitors, cause the downregulation of c-myc, and inhibit the growth and survival of cancerous cell lines.
US07745467B2	N-(heteroaryl)-1-heteroarylalkyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives, preparation and therapeutic use thereof The invention concerns compounds of general formula (I), wherein n, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y and W are as defined herein. The invention also concerns a method for preparing said compounds and their therapeutic use.
US07745465B2	Method of enhancing cellular production of molecular chaperone, hydroxylamine derivatives useful for enhancing the chaperone production and the preparation thereof A method of increasing expression of a molecular chaperon by a cell and/or enhancing the activity of a molecular chaperon in cells is provided. The method comprises treating a cell that is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell with an effective amount of a certain hydroxylamine derivative to increase the stress. Alternatively, an hydroxylamine derivative can be administrated to a cell before it is exposed to a physiological stress which induces expression of a molecular chaperon by the cell. Preferably, the cell to which an hydroxylamine derivative is administered is an eukaryotic cell. The hydroxylamine derivative corresponds to the formulae (I) or (II).The invention also provides novel hydroxylamine derivatives falling within the scope of the formulae (I) and (II) as well as pharmaceutical and/or cosmetical compositions comprising the said compounds.
US07745464B2	Compounds and methods for inhibiting the interaction of BCL proteins with binding partners The present invention relates to heterocyclic compounds that bind to Bcl proteins and inhibit Bcl function, compositions comprising such compounds, and methods for treating and modulating disorders associated with hyperproliferation, such as cancer.
US07745463B2	Alkene piperidine derivatives as antiviral agents This disclosure provides compounds having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and method of use. In particular, the disclosure is concerned with alkene piperidine derivatives that possess unique antiviral activity. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to compounds useful for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.
US07745462B2	Quinoline-2-one derivatives for the treatment of airways diseases Compounds of formula I in free or salt form, wherein —C—Y—, R1 and R2 are G have the meanings as indicated in the specification, are useful for treating conditions that are prevented or alleviated by activation of the β2-adrenoreceptor. Pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds and a process for preparing the compounds are also described.
US07745461B1	Method of treating dry eye disorders The topical use of EgLN-3 inhibitors is disclosed for the treatment of dry eye.
US07745457B2	Meridamycin analogues for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders A compound of the structure is described. This compound and its use for preparing medicines useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is described.
US07745456B2	Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel dicationic “reversed amidines” The present invention relates to novel 2,5-bis{[alkyl (or aryl) imino] aminophenyl}furans and thiophenes of the general formula in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkoxy, halide, and alkylhalide groups; R5 is H, alkyl or aryl; R6 is H, alkyl, aryl, or NR7R8, in which R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl; and X is O, S or NR9, in which R9 is H or alkyl, and to the use of such compounds.
US07745453B2	Hydroxypyrimidinone derivatives having inhibitory activity against HIV integrase Compounds of Formula (1), pharmaceuticals containing the same, especially anti-HIV agents having anti viral activity, especially inhibitory activity against HIV integrase, wherein X represents either one of the following groups: (wherein, C ring is nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring in which at least one atom in atoms neighboring the atom bound to the pyrimidine ring is unsubstituted nitrogen atom; R10 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; D ring is aryl or heteroaryl) Z1 and Z3 each is independently a single bond, O, S, S(═O) or SO2; Z2 is a single bond, lower alkylene or lower alkenylene; Ar is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; R1 is lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl or the like; R2 is a hydrogen atom or optionally substituted lower alkyl; or R1 and R2 may form, together with an adjacent atom, an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.
US07745452B2	Quinazolinone T-type calcium channel antagonists The present invention is directed to quinazolinone compounds of the formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, X1, X2 X3 are defined herein. These compounds are antagonists of T-type calcium channels, and are useful in the treatment or prevention of disorders and diseases in which T-type calcium channels are involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which T-type calcium channels are involved.
US07745447B2	Substituted thieno[3,2-D]pyrimidines as non-basic melanin concentrating hormone receptor-1 antagonists The present application provides compounds, including all stereoisomers, solvates, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable forms thereof according to Formula I. Additionally, the present application provides pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one compound according to Formula I and optionally at least one additional therapeutic agent. Finally, the present application provides methods for treating a patient suffering from an MCHR-1 modulated disease or disorder such as, for example, obesity, diabetes, depression or anxiety by administration of a therapeutically effective dose of a compound according to Formula I.
US07745446B2	Pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines Compounds of a certain formula I in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 have the meanings indicated in the description are novel compounds expected to be useful in the therapy of (hyper)proliferative diseases and/or disorders responsive to induction of apoptosis.
US07745441B1	Urokinase inhibitors New urokinase inhibitors having a triisopropylphenylsulfonyl residue as an Nα-substituent for 3-amidinophenylalanine are provided. The introduction of the triisopropylphenylsulfonyl residue greatly increases the affinity of the compounds to urokinase and, thereby, increases their inhibitory activity against urokinase. These urokinase inhibitors are useful in determining the role of urokinase and urokinase receptor in various diseases, particularly in tumor propagation and metastasis. Methods of treating tumors and a pharmaceutical composition are also provided.
US07745438B2	3-(2-acylamino-1-hydroxyethyl)-morpholine derivatives and their use as bace inhibitors The present invention provides BACE inhibitors of Formula (I); methods for their use and preparation, and intermediates useful for their preparation.
US07745437B2	Compounds and compositions as protein kinase inhibitors The invention provides a novel class of compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with abnormal or deregulated kinase activity, particularly diseases or disorders that involve abnormal activation of the Abl, BCR-Abl, PDGF-R, trkB, c-SRC, BMX, FGFR3, b-RAF, ΣΓK, Tιε2, Λχκ, θNK2α2, MKK4, c-RAF, MKK6, SAPK2α and SAPK2β kinases.
US07745434B2	4-Amino-5-oxo-8-phenyl-5H-pyrido(2,3-D) pyrimidine derivatives as tyrosine kinase and raf kinase inhibitors for the treatment of tumours Compounds of the formula (I), in which R6, R7, R8, R9, Het1, X and X′ have the meanings indicated in claim 1, are inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, in particular TIE-2, and Raf kinases and can be employed, inter alia, for the treatment of tumours.
US07745431B2	Pharmaceutical composition of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7-methoxy-8-hydroxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine and uses thereof Pharmaceutical compositions comprising 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7-methoxy-8-hydroxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compositions are used for treating, preventing or delaying the onset of disorders mediated by LTB4, TXA2 or adenosine.
US07745427B2	CGRP receptor antagonists The present invention is directed to compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) (where variables R1, R2, R3, R4, A, B, G, J, Q, T, U, V, W, X and Y are as defined herein) useful as antagonists of CGRP receptors and useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases in which the CGRP is involved, such as headache, migraine and cluster headache. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which CGRP is involved.
US07745424B2	Alkane diol derivatives as therapeutic agents for the treatment of bone conditions The present invention pertains to certain alkane diol derivatives (including, e.g., mono- and di-esters) of the formula R1—O-A-O—R2, wherein: A is a C2-10 alkylene group; R1 is independently a first hydroxy protecting group (e.g., an ester group); and, R2 is independently —H or a second hydroxy protecting group (e.g., an ester group); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, amides, esters, ethers, chemically protected forms, and prodrug thereof, which, inter alia, inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity; and/or inhibit bone resorption. The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit osteoclast survival, formation, and/or activity, and to inhibit conditions mediated by osteoclasts and/or characterised by bone resorption, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer associated bone disease, Paget's disease, and the like; and/or conditions associated with inflammation or activation of the immune system.
US07745422B2	Bisphosphonate compounds and methods for bone resorption diseases, cancer, bone pain, immune disorders, and infectious diseases Bisphosphonate compounds and related methods of making and using are disclosed, including pyridinium-1-yl, quinolinium-1-yl, and related compounds. The activity of compounds is disclosed in the context of functional assays such as Leishmania major farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) inhibition, Dictyostelium discoideum growth inhibition, human gamma delta T cell activation, and bone resorption. The applicability of bisphosphonate compounds in the context of parasitic infections, for example against trypanosomes, is disclosed. Further potential applications of the invention are disclosed regarding the treatment of one or more conditions such as bone resorption disorders, cancer, bone pain, infectious diseases, and in immunotherapy.
US07745421B2	Methods and compositions for treating diseases and disorders associated with Siglec-8 expressing cells The invention provides therapeutic methods and compositions for the prevention and treatment of Siglec-8 associated diseases and disorders such as asthma and allergic reactions. In particular, the invention provides methods and compositions for the prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with Siglec-8 expressing cells in humans, as well as other animals, through the administration of one or more novel, carbohydrate-based compounds.
US07745412B2	Isozyme-specific antagonists of protein kinase C A method of changing or otherwise converting the biological activity of a PKC peptide agonist to a peptide antagonist is described. The method involves substituting one or more amino acid residues so as to effect a change in charge in the peptide and/or to otherwise make the sequence similar to a sequence derived from the PKC binding site on the RACK protein for the respective PKC enzyme. Methods of inhibiting the activity of a PKC enzyme, and various peptide antagonists of εPKC are also disclosed.
US07745411B2	Methods for promoting erythropoiesis The present invention provides methods, compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and kits for the augmentation of erythropoiesis by potentiating erythropoietin-induced differentiation with angiotensinogen, angiotensin I (AI), AI analogues, AI fragments and analogues thereof, angiotensin II analogues, AII fragments or analogues thereof or AII AT2 type 2 receptor agonists as a therapeutic adjunct. The method is useful for the treatment of congenital or acquired aplastic or hypoplastic anemia associated with chronic renal failure, end-stage renal disease, renal transplantation, cancer, AIDS, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation and chronic diseases.
US07745409B2	Methods and compositions for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders The present invention features compositions and related methods for treating IBS and other gastrointestinal disorders and conditions (e.g., gastrointestinal motility disorders, functional gastrointestinal disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, functional heartburn, dyspepsia (including functional dyspepsia or nonulcer dyspepsia), gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (or colonic pseudo-obstruction), and disorders and conditions associated with constipation, e.g., constipation associated with use of opiate pain killers, post-surgical constipation (post-operative ileus), and constipation associated with neuropathic disorders as well as other conditions and disorders using peptides and other agents that activate the guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) receptor.
US07745408B2	Method of inducing melanogenesis in humans with MC1R variant alleles A method for inducing melanogenesis in a human subject having a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) variant allele associated with loss of or diminished receptor function comprises administering to said subject an amount of an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogue effective to induce melanogenesis by the melanocytes in the skin or other epidermal tissue of the subject.
US07745407B2	Competitive regulation of hepcidin mRNA by soluble and cell-associated hemojuvelin Disclosed herein are hemojuvelin-specific siRNAs that vary hemojuvelin mRNA concentration. Also disclosed herein, GPI-hemojuvelin positively regulated hepcidin mRNA expression, independently of the IL-6 pathway, whereas soluble hemojuvelin (s-hemojuvelin) suppressed hepcidin mRNA expression in primary human hepatocytes in a log-linear dosedependent manner. Disclosed are compositions and methods for modulating diseases of iron metabolism and hepcidin expression or hepcidin levels.
US07745405B2	Peptides selectively lethal to malignant and transformed mammalian cells The present invention provides peptides corresponding to all or a portion of amino acid residues 12-26 of human p53 protein. When fused to a membrane-penetrating leader sequence, the peptides are either lethal to malignant or transformed cells or else cause reversion to the untransformed morphological phenotype. The subject peptides are thus useful in treating neoplastic disease in an animal, preferably a human. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the subject peptides admixed with a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier. Methods of treating neoplastic disease in a patient by administering a subject peptide are also provided.
US07745404B2	Use of calcitonin and calcitonin-like peptides to treat and prevent multiple sclerosis Methods for treating and preventing multiple sclerosis by administering to a patient an effective amount of calcitonin, calcitonin-like peptides or calcitonin mimetics to a patient. Additionally, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D analogs can be used in combination with the calcitonin, calcitonin-like peptides or calcitonin mimetics.
US07745401B2	Antifungal peptides and methods of use thereof A method of treating fungal infections by treatment with CAP37 peptides and derivatives thereof, including peptide analogs having serine or threonine substitutions at least one of the two cysteine residues therein. Other substitutions of the amino acid residues of the peptide are also contemplated.
US07745400B2	Prevention and treatment of ocular side effects with a cyclosporin Presently described are methods of administration and associated treatment of one or more ocular conditions using cyclosporine, or an analog or derivative thereof. The ocular conditions can be a result of treatment using other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapy agents, antiviral agents and immunomodulators.
US07745399B2	Hsp70 peptide stimulating natural killer (NK) cell activity and uses thereof The present invention relates to an immunostimulatory peptide derived from an Hsp70 protein and peptides comprising said immunostimulatory peptide. Furthermore the present invention pertains to polynucleotides encoding said peptide, vectors comprising said polynucleotides, fusion (poly)peptides comprising said peptide and compositions comprising said peptide. In addition the present invention relates to the use of said peptide, polynucleotide, vector or fusion (poly)peptide, for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of diseases and for the stimulation of natural killer cell (NK cell) activity.
US07745396B2	Use of SERP-1 as an antiplatelet agent Compositions and methods for antiplatelet/anti-thrombotic therapy in a mammalian subject are provided. The method involves administering a therapeutically effective amount of SERP-1 admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a subject in need of such therapy. Methods of administering SERP-1 with at least one other antiplatelet agent are also provided. The compositions and methods of the present invention are useful for treating and preventing recurrence of numerous cardiovascular diseases and injuries.
US07745394B2	Monomethylvaline compounds capable of conjugation to ligands Auristatin peptides, including MeVal-Val-Dil-Dap-Norephedrine (MMAE) and MeVal-Val-Dil-Dap-Phe (MMAF), were prepared and attached to Ligands through various linkers, including maleimidocaproyl-val-cit-PAB. The resulting ligand drug conjugates were active in vitro and in vivo.
US07745393B2	Minimalist bZIP proteins and uses thereof The present invention provides minimalist bZIP proteins having a basic region derived from bHLH proteins fused to a leucine zipper dimerization domain derived from bZIP proteins and methods and uses thereof in the treatment of cancer. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions for treating cancer.
US07745392B2	Multi-valent guanidinium compounds for enhancing molecular translocation across cellular membranes and epithelial tissues Disclosed herein are guanidinium containing compounds consisting of a core moiety with a plurality of side chains containing guanidinium groups. Such compounds have enhanced translocation across cellular membranes and epithelial tissues. The compounds may also have a therapeutic or other biologically active moiety attached so that these moieties may be effectively transported into a cell by the guanidinium containing compound.
US07745384B2	Acidic hard surface cleaning comprising an ethoxylated quaternary ammonium/amine surfactant mixture The present invention relates to hard surface cleaning compositions useful in cleaning, and optionally a disinfecting or sanitizing benefit which are particularly adapted to clean lavatory appliances, particularly toilets and the like. The compositions are largely aqueous, thickened, acidic compositions which comprise an acid, a thickening constituent or constituents which form a thickener system, at least one detersive surfactant and at least one superwetter surfactant which is based on a narrow range ethoxylated alcohol nonionic surfactant having two cloud points.
US07745383B2	Method for cleaning hard surfaces using a composition comprising a colloidal silica sol Cleaner for hard surfaces, especially glass. Application of the cleaner containing a colloidal silica sol results in a modification of the streaming potential of the surface by −5 to −50 mV. The cleaner can be used to hydrophilize and clean hard surfaces by contact.
US07745381B2	Lubricant for conveying containers A method for lubricating the passage of a conveyor comprising applying an undiluted lubricant composition through non-energized nozzles to at least a portion of the conveyor, the lubricant composition comprising a silicone emulsion and a water-miscible lubricant, the lubricant composition having a viscosity of less than 40 centipoise when measured using a Brookfield viscometer with an RV2 spindle at a spindle speed of 20 RPM and the lubricant composition being substantially free of a triethanolamine salt of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid.
US07745379B2	Method of insulating a subsea structure A method of insulating pipeline bundles used in recovering hydrocarbons from wells is disclosed. A polymeric substance, such as an orthophosphate ester, is injected into the annulus between a carrier pipe and the hydrocarbon conveying tubulars. A ferric salt, such as ferric sulphate, may be added as a gelling agent. The mixture results in a gel having a dynamic viscosity of greater than (1000) PaS. The gel insulates the inner hydrocarbon-conveying tubulars from the surrounding seawater thus helping to maintain the relatively high temperature therewithin. This in turn reduces the likelihood for chemicals, such as hydrates, to be precipitated out of the oil phase.
US07745376B2	Superconducting composite The invention provides a superconductor comprising particles made of a superconductive material, and a conductive material. The conductive material is selected to be driven to a superconductive state when in proximity to the superconductive material, and preferably at least includes bismuth. An unbroken length of the conductive material is located sufficiently close to a plurality of the particles to be driven to a superconductive state by the superconductive material.
US07745374B2	Thermal transfer receiving sheet, production method thereof and image forming method using the sheet A thermal transfer receiving sheet comprising a sheet-like support having sequentially formed on at least one surface thereof a hollow particle-containing intermediate layer and an image receiving layer, wherein the hollow particles have an average particle diameter of 0.2 to 35 μm and a hollow percentage by volume of 30 to 97% and the printing smoothness (Rp value) on the surface of the thermal transfer receiving sheet, as measured by using a Microtopograph under an applied pressure of 0.1 MPa 10 m-seconds after the initiation of pressure application, is 1.5 μm or less. A production method of the thermal transfer receiving sheet is also provided.
US07745373B2	Single step decomposition and activation of noble metal complexes on catalytic supports The present invention is a method to activate a noble metal complex dispersed on a catalyst support comprising calcining in hydrogen in order to decompose and reduce the noble metal complex in a single step. In a preferred embodiment, the noble metal catalyst is a combination of platinum and palladium and the noble metal complexes are the hydroxides.
US07745371B2	Exhaust gas purifying catalyst, metal oxide particle and production process thereof In order to provide an exhaust gas purifying catalyst having improved heat resistance and OSC, a metal oxide particle, and a production process of the metal oxide particle, a metal oxide particle having a core (1) where the total molar number of alumina and silica is larger than the molar number of ceria, and a surface layer (2) where the molar number of ceria is larger than the total molar number of alumina and silica is provided. Further, an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprising the metal oxide particle and a noble metal supported on the metal oxide particle; and a production process of the metal oxide particle are provided.
US07745363B2	Geopolymer composites and structures formed therefrom Geopolymer composite materials having low coefficient of thermal expansion are disclosed. The materials are useful in high temperature applications due to their low coefficient of thermal expansion and high strength. Also disclosed is a boron modified water glass geopolymer composition that is compatible with ceramic particulate material such as cordierite and fused silica. The geopolymer composite may be extruded to form structures such as honeycomb monoliths, flow filters or used as a plugging or skinning cement and may be fired at temperatures at or below 1100° C. Both the structures and the cement have high green and fired strength, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and good acid durability. The cost of manufacturing objects using the material of the present invention is substantially reduced, in comparison with typically production methods of cordierite based bodies, due to the substantially shortened firing times.
US07745358B2	Abrasion-resistant nonwoven fabric for cleaning printer machines A nonwoven fabric having abrasion resistance and absorbency suitable for cleaning printer cylinders, especially textured or rough printer cylinders, is formed by hydroentangling a fibrous nonwoven web formed from higher-melting polyester base fibers and lower-melting binder fibers, and then thermally bonding the fabric.
US07745355B2	Inductively heatable components Aspects of the invention are found in a heating component having a composite material coated on a support. The composite material includes a fluorinated or silicone polymer and inductively-heatable particles. Additional aspects of the invention are found in a heating belt having a flexible support coated with a composite material. The composite material includes a polymer material and inductively-heatable particles. Further aspects of the invention are found in a system for heating an article. The system includes a heating belt and a field generator. The heating belt includes a flexible support coated in a composite material. The composite material includes a polymeric matrix and inductively-heatable particles. The field generator induces a field about the heating belt. The inductively-heatable particles heat in the presence of the field.
US07745353B2	Anti-slip roofing underlayment A roofing underlayment comprises a reinforcing layer, which is extrusion coated on at least one side with an anti-slip coating layer. The reinforcing layer comprises a woven polyethylene or polypropylene scrim. The anti-slip coating layer comprises a compound based on a styrene and ethylene/butylene-styrene, S-E/B-S, block copolymer, such as the compound sold under the trademark KRATON® MD6649. The anti-slip coating layer may also be embossed. The anti-slip coating layer is low in cost and helps prevent water from penetrating the primary roofing material. In addition, the anti-slip coating layer provides an improved anti-skid surface upon which an individual may safely walk. Embossment improves the wet slip resistance of the roofing underlayment.
US07745348B2	Manufacturing method of a semiconductor device A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device employs a PEALD method including using an organometallic Ta precursor to form a TaN thin film. As a result, a conformal TaN diffusion barrier may be formed at a temperature of 250° C. or higher, so that impurities are reduced and density is increased in the TaN thin film.
US07745347B2	Heat treatment apparatus, heat treatment method, and recording medium storing computer program carrying out the same An experiment is conducted in advance, for finding a temperature of a cooling plate attained as a result of balancing between a temperature of a substrate after heat treatment and a temperature of the cooling plate at the time of cooling of the substrate. Then, before heat treatment of a first substrate, the cooling plate is moved to a position above a hot plate, the cooling plate is heated to that temperature, and thereafter heat treatment of the substrate is started.
US07745346B2	Method for improving process control and film conformality of PECVD film A method for forming a silicon-based dielectric film on a substrate with a single deposition process operation using pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) wherein the high frequency radio frequency power of the plasma is pulsed, allows enhanced control, efficiency and product quality of the PECVD process. Pulsing the high frequency RF power of the plasma reduces the deposited film thickness per unit time the high frequency RF power of the plasma is on. This yields silicon-based dielectric films that are both thin and conformal.
US07745345B2	ZnO based semiconductor device manufacture method A manufacture method for a ZnO based semiconductor device includes the steps of: (a) preparing a ZnO based semiconductor wafer including a ZnO based semiconductor substrate having a wurzeit structure with a +C plane on one surface and a −C plane on an opposite surface, a first ZnO based semiconductor layer having a first conductivity type epitaxially grown above the +C plane of the ZnO based semiconductor substrate, and a second ZnO based semiconductor layer having a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type epitaxially grown above the first semiconductor layer; and (b) wet-etching the ZnO based semiconductor wafer with acid etching liquid to etch the −C plane of the ZnO based semiconductor substrate
US07745340B2	Method of clearing electrical contact pads in thin film sealed OLED devices A process of cleaning wire bond pads associated with OLED devices, including the steps of depositing on the wire bond pads one or more layers of ablatable material, and ablating the one or more layers with a laser, thereby exposing a clean wire bond pad.
US07745339B2	Method for forming fine pattern of semiconductor device A method for forming a fine pattern of a semiconductor device comprises the steps of: forming a first hard mask pattern having a width of W1 and a thickness of T1 over an underlying layer formed over a semiconductor substrate; forming a second hard mask film with a planar type over the resulting structure and planarizing the second hard mask s to expose the first hard mask pattern; removing the first hard mask pattern by a thickness T2 from the top surface (0
US07745337B2	Method of optimizing sidewall spacer size for silicide proximity with in-situ clean A method that includes forming a gate of a semiconductor device on a substrate, and etching sidewall spacers on sides of the gate to provide a proximity value, where the proximity value is defined as a distance between the gate and an edge of a performance-enhancing region. The sidewall spacers are used to define the edge of the region during formation of the region in the substrate. The method also includes pre-cleaning the gate and the substrate in preparation for formation of the region, where the etching and the pre-cleaning are performed in a continuous vacuum.
US07745335B2	Semiconductor device manufactured by reducing hillock formation in metal interconnects A method of fabricating an interconnect structure, comprising exposing an empty deposition chamber to a process that includes generating reactive species produced from a source gas in the presence of a plasma. The method further comprises terminating the plasma and then introducing a semiconductor substrate with a metal layer thereon into the chamber while the reactive species are present in the chamber.
US07745333B2	Methods for depositing tungsten layers employing atomic layer deposition techniques In one embodiment of the invention, a method for forming a tungsten-containing layer on a substrate is provided which includes positioning a substrate containing a barrier layer disposed thereon in a process chamber, exposing the substrate to a first soak process for a first time period and depositing a nucleation layer on the barrier layer by flowing a tungsten-containing precursor and a reductant into the process chamber. The method further includes exposing the nucleation layer to a second soak process for a second time period and depositing a bulk layer on the nucleation layer. In one example, the barrier layer contains titanium nitride, the first and second soak processes independently comprise at least one reducing gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, silane, disilane, dichlorosilane, borane, diborane, derivatives thereof and combinations thereof and the nucleation layer may be deposited by an atomic layer deposition process or a pulsed chemical vapor deposition process while the bulk layer may be deposited by a chemical vapor deposition process or a physical vapor deposition process.
US07745330B1	Method of carbon nanotube modification Carbon nanotube apparatus, and methods of carbon nanotube modification, include carbon nanotubes having locally modified properties with the positioning of the modifications being controlled. More specifically, the positioning of nanotubes on a substrate with a deposited substance, and partially vaporizing part of the deposited substance etches the nanotubes. The modifications of the carbon nanotubes determine the electrical properties of the apparatus and applications such as a transistor or Shockley diode. Other applications of the above mentioned apparatus include a nanolaboratory that assists in study of merged quantum states between nanosystems and a macroscopic host system.
US07745329B2	Tungsten nitride atomic layer deposition processes In one embodiment, a method for forming a tungsten barrier material on a substrate is provided which includes depositing a tungsten layer on a substrate during a vapor deposition process and exposing the substrate sequentially to a tungsten precursor and a nitrogen precursor to form a tungsten nitride layer on the tungsten layer. Some examples provide that the tungsten layer may be deposited by sequentially exposing the substrate to the tungsten precursor and a reducing gas (e.g., diborane or silane) during an atomic layer deposition process. The tungsten layer may have a thickness of about 50 Å or less and tungsten nitride layer may have an electrical resistivity of about 380 μΩ-cm or less. Other examples provide that a tungsten bulk layer may be deposited on the tungsten nitride layer by a chemical vapor deposition process.
US07745326B2	Semiconductor device having multiple wiring layers and method of producing the same A method of producing a semiconductor device having a plurality of wiring layers forms a first interlayer-insulating film, forms a plurality of grooves for wiring in the first interlayer-insulating film, fills metallic films in the grooves to form wirings, etches the first interlayer-insulating film with the wirings as a mask and removes the interlayer-insulating film between the wirings to provide grooves to be filled, and fills a second interlayer-insulating film made of a material of low dielectric constant in the grooves to be filled.
US07745322B2	Wire bond interconnection A wire bond interconnection between a die pad and a bond finger includes a support pedestal at a bond site of the lead finger, a ball bond on the die pad, and a stitch bond on the support pedestal, in which a width of the lead finger at the bond site is less than a diameter of the support pedestal. Also, a semiconductor package including a die mounted onto and electrically connected by a plurality of wire bonds to a substrate, in which each of the wire bonds includes a wire ball bonded to a pad on the die and stitch bonded to a support pedestal on a bond site on a lead finger, and in which the width of the lead finger at the bond site is less than the diameter of the support pedestal.
US07745320B2	Method for reducing silicide defects in integrated circuits A method for forming silicide contacts in integrated circuits (ICs) is described. A spacer pull-back etch is performed during the salicidation process to reduce the stress between the spacer and source/drain silicide contact at the spacer undercut. This prevents the propagation of surface defects into the substrate, thereby minimizing the occurrence of silicide pipe defects. The spacer pull-back etch can be performed after a first annealing step to form the silicide contacts.
US07745317B2	Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same A semiconductor device provided with a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate, and an ohmic metal layer joined to one surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate in an ohmic contact and composed of a metal material whose silicide formation free energy and carbide formation free energy respectively take negative values. The ohmic metal layer is composed of, for example, a metal material such as molybdenum, titanium, chromium, manganese, zirconium, tantalum, or tungsten.
US07745314B2	Method of degassing thin layer and method of manufacturing silicon thin film A method of degassing a thin layer and a method of manufacturing a silicon thin film includes applying microwaves to a silicon thin film deposited on a substrate to induce a resonance of impurities of H2, Ar, He, Xe, O2, and the like present in the silicon thin film so as to remove the impurities from the silicon thin film. A wavelength of the microwaves is equal to a natural frequency of an element of an object to be removed. According to a resonance of impurities induced by microwaves, the impurities can be very effectively removed from the silicon thin film so as to obtain a high quality silicon thin film. In particular, the microwaves are very suitable to be used in the manufacture of silicon thin films at low temperature.
US07745313B2	Substrate release methods and apparatuses The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for fracturing or breaking a buried porous semiconductor layer to separate a 3-D thin-film semiconductor semiconductor (TFSS) substrate from a 3-D crystalline semiconductor template. The method involves forming a sacrificial porous semiconductor layer on the 3-D features of the template. A variety of techniques may be used to fracture and release the mechanically weak porous semiconductor layer without damaging the TFSS substrate layer or the template layer such as pressure variations, thermal stress generation, and mechanical bending. The methods also allow for processing three dimensional features not possible with current separation processes. Optional cleaning and final lift-off steps may be performed as part of the release step or after the release step.
US07745312B2	Selective germanium deposition for pillar devices A method of making a pillar device includes providing an insulating layer having an opening, and selectively depositing germanium or germanium rich silicon germanium semiconductor material into the opening to form the pillar device.
US07745311B2	Working method for an optical device wafer A dividing method for an optical device wafer includes a protective plate adhering step of releasably adhering the surface of an optical device wafer to the surface of a protective plate, a reverse face grinding step of grinding the reverse face of the optical device wafer, a dicing tape sticking step of sticking the reverse face of the optical device wafer on the surface of a dicing tape, a protective plate grinding step of grinding the reverse face of the protective plate adhered to the optical device wafer stuck on the dicing tape so as to have a predetermined thickness, a laser working step of irradiating a laser beam upon the protective plate along the streets formed on the optical device wafer to carry out laser working, which forms break starting points along the streets, for the protective plate, and a wafer dividing step of applying external force to the protective plate to break the protective plate along the break starting points to break the optical device wafer along the streets thereby to divide the optical device wafer into the individual optical devices.
US07745309B2	Methods for surface activation by plasma immersion ion implantation process utilized in silicon-on-insulator structure Methods for promoting interface bonding energy utilized in SOI technology are provided. In one embodiment, the method for promoting interface bonding energy includes providing a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate has a silicon oxide layer formed thereon and a cleavage plane defined therein, performing a dry cleaning process on a surface of the silicon oxide layer and a surface of the second substrate, and bonding the cleaned silicon oxide surface of the first substrate to the cleaned surface of the second substrate.
US07745308B2	Method of fabricating micro-vertical structure A method of fabricating a micro-vertical structure is provided. The method includes bonding a second crystalline silicon (Si) substrate onto a first crystalline Si substrate by interposing an insulating layer pattern and a cavity, etching the second crystalline Si substrate using a deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) process along a [111] crystal plane vertical to the second crystalline Si substrate, and etching an etched vertical surface of the second crystalline Si substrate using a crystalline wet etching process to improve the surface roughness and flatness of the etched vertical surface. As a result, no morphological defects occur on the etched vertical surface. Also, footings do not occur at an etch end-point due to the insulating layer pattern. In addition, the micro-vertical structure does not float in the air but is fixed to the first crystalline Si substrate, thereby facilitating subsequent processes.
US07745306B2	Method for producing bonded wafer A bonded wafer is produced by a method comprising a step of implanting ions of a light element such as hydrogen, helium or the like into a wafer for active layer at a predetermined depth position to form an ion implanted layer, a step of bonding the wafer for active layer to a wafer for support substrate through an insulating film, a step of exfoliating the wafer at the ion implanted layer, a first heat treatment step of conducting a sacrificial oxidation for reducing damage on a surface of an active layer exposed through the exfoliation and a second heat treatment step of raising a bonding strength, in which the second heat treatment step is continuously conducted after the first heat treatment step without removing an oxide film formed on the surface of the active layer.
US07745304B2	Method of manufacturing semiconductor device A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device begins when a first dielectric pattern is formed on and/or over a substrate, and a first etching process is performed to form a trench in the substrate. An edge portion of the first trench is exposed. An oxidation process is performed on and/or over the substrate rounding the edge portion of the trench. A second dielectric is formed on and/or over the substrate including the trench, and a planarization process is performed on the second dielectric. A photoresist pattern is formed on and/or over the second dielectric corresponding to the trench, and a second etching process is performed to form a second dielectric pattern filling the trench. The photoresist pattern is removed. A second cleaning process is performed on the substrate including the trench to form a device isolation layer, which is formed by removing a portion of the second dielectric pattern. A portion of the second dielectric remains on the first dielectric pattern after the performing of the planarization process on the second dielectric.
US07745303B2	Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device and the semiconductor device The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a trench with a rounded corner portion and a broadened opening. Anisotropic oxidation is carried out using a halogen oxidation method using dichloroethylene (DCE) to form an anisotropic oxide film such that the film thickness in a shoulder portion of the trench is thick and gradually decreases nearer the bottom, the anisotropic oxide film is removed, and the shoulder portion of the trench is preferentially backed off, thereby rounding the shoulder portion sufficiently to broaden the opening. Then, an insulating member is embedded in the trench. The rounded portion of the shoulder portion of the trench and vicinity thereof is used as a channel of a MOS transistor.
US07745302B2	Method for making transmission electron microscope grid A method for making transmission electron microscope gird is provided. An array of carbon nanotubes is provided and drawing a carbon nanotube film from the array of carbon nanotubes. A substrate has a plurality of spaced metal girds attached on the substrate. The metal girds are covered with the carbon nanotube film and treating the carbon nanotube film and the metal girds with organic solvent. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) grid is obtained by removing remaining CNT film.
US07745300B2	Method for forming a capacitor in a semiconductor and a capacitor using the same Disclosed is a capacitor and method for forming a capacitor in a semiconductor. The method includes the steps of: (a) forming a lower electrode pattern on a silicon semiconductor substrate; (b) etching a portion of the lower electrode pattern to a predetermined depth to form a step in the lower electrode pattern; (c) forming a dielectric layer and a upper electrode layer on an entire surface of the substrate including the lower electrode pattern; and (e) patterning the upper electrode layer and the dielectric layer to form a upper electrode pattern and a dielectric pattern.
US07745298B2	Method of forming a via A method for forming a via includes forming a gate electrode over a semiconductor substrate, forming a source/drain region in the semiconductor substrate adjacent the gate electrode, forming a silicide region in the source/drain region, forming a post-silicide spacer adjacent the gate electrode after forming the silicide region, forming an interlayer dielectric layer over the gate electrode, the post-silicide spacer, and the silicide region, and forming a conductive via in the interlayer dielectric layer, extending to the silicide region.
US07745297B2	Method of substrate with transparent electrodes and devices incorporating it The substrate with electrodes is formed of a transparent material onto which is deposited a film (1) of a transparent conductive material of thickness e1 and of refractive index n1, said film being structured to form a set of electrodes (1a) whose contours (8) delimit insulating spaces (3), wherein the insulating spaces (3) are filled with a transparent dielectric material of thickness e2 and of refractive index n2 so that the respective thicknesses of the conductive material and the dielectric material are inversely proportional to the values of the refractive indices of said materials and said dielectric material forms neither depressions nor beads at the contour (8) of the electrodes. A hardcoating layer (7) may be disposed between the substrate (5) and the electrodes and a protective film (9) added.The substrate with electrodes is obtained by UV irradiation through a single mask.
US07745293B2	Method for manufacturing a thin film transistor including forming impurity regions by diagonal doping It is an object of the present invention to manufacture a thin film transistor having a required property without complicating steps and devices. It is another object of the present invention to provide a technique for manufacturing a semiconductor device having high reliability and better electrical characteristics with a higher yield at lower cost. In the present invention, a lightly doped impurity region is formed in a source region side or a drain region side of a semiconductor layer covered with a gate electrode layer in a thin film transistor. The semiconductor layer is doped diagonally to the surface thereof using the gate electrode layer as a mask to form the lightly doped impurity region. Therefore, the properties of the thin film transistor can be minutely controlled.
US07745292B2	Method for fabricating a semiconductor gate structure A method of making a semiconductor device is disclosed. A mask if formed over a first and a second region of a semiconductor body, and a vertical diffusion barrier is formed in a region between the first and second regions. A mask is then formed over the second region and the first region is left unmasked. The semiconductor body is exposed to a dopant, so that the first region is doped and the second region is blocked from the dopant by the mask and by the vertical diffusion barrier.
US07745288B2	Semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same A semiconductor device having a non-volatile memory is disclosed, whose disturb defect can be diminished or prevented. A memory cell of the non-volatile memory has a memory gate electrode formed over a main surface of a semiconductor substrate through an insulating film for charge storage. A first side wall is formed on a side face of the memory gate electrode, and at a side face of the first side wall, a second side wall is formed. On an upper surface of an n+-type semiconductor region for source in the memory cell there is formed a silicide layer whose end portion on the memory gate electrode MG side is defined by the second side wall.
US07745286B2	Methods of forming semiconductor devices A method of providing a memory cell comprises providing a semiconductor substrate including a body of a first conductivity type, first and second regions of a second conductivity type and a channel between the first and second regions; arranging a first insulator layer adjacent to the channel; arranging a charge storage region adjacent to the first insulator layer; arranging a second insulator layer adjacent to the charge storage region; arranging a first conductive region adjacent to the second insulator layer; arranging a filter adjacent to the first conductive region; and arranging a second conductive region adjacent to the filter. The second conductive region overlaps the first conductive region at an overlap surface. A line perpendicular to the overlap surface intersects at least a portion of the charge storage region.
US07745283B2	Method of fabricating memory transistor A method of forming a memory transistor includes providing a substrate comprising semiconductive material and forming spaced-apart source/drain structures. At least one of the source/drain structures forms a Schottky contact to the semiconductive material. The method also includes forming a memory gate between the spaced-apart source/drain structures and forming a control gate disposed operatively over the memory gate.
US07745280B2	Metal-insulator-metal capacitor structure A metal-insulator-metal capacitor structure includes a lower electrode, a buffer layer, a barrier layer, a dielectric layer and an upper electrode. The lower electrode is disposed in the buffer layer. The barrier layer covers part of the lower electrode and is disposed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode. The buffer layer serves as an etching stop layer to define the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer in the metal-insulator-metal capacitor structure has a uniform and ideal thickness.
US07745274B2	Gate self aligned low noise JFET The disclosure herein pertains to fashioning a low noise junction field effect transistor (JFET) where transistor gate materials are utilized in forming and electrically isolating active areas of a the JFET. More particularly, active regions are self aligned with patterned gate electrode material and sidewall spacers which facilitate desirably locating the active regions in a semiconductor substrate. This mitigates the need for additional materials in the substrate to isolate the active regions from one another, where such additional materials can introduce noise into the JFET. This also allows a layer of gate dielectric material to remain over the surface of the substrate, where the layer of gate dielectric material provides a substantially uniform interface at the surface of the substrate that facilitates uninhibited current flow between the active regions, and thus promotes desired device operation.
US07745271B2	Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device Formation of LDD structures and GOLD structures in a semiconductor device is conventionally performed in a self aligning manner with gate electrodes as masks, but there are many cases in which the gate electrodes have two layer structures, and film formation processes and etching processes become complex. Further, in order to perform formation of LDD structures and GOLD structures only by processes such as dry etching, the transistor structures all have the same structure, and it is difficult to form LDD structures, GOLD structures, and single drain structures separately for different circuits. By applying a photolithography process for forming gate electrodes to photomasks or reticles, in which supplemental patterns having a function of reducing the intensity of light and composed of diffraction grating patterns or translucent films, are established, GOLD structure, LDD structure, and single drain structure transistors can be easily manufactured for different circuits through dry etching and ion injection process steps.
US07745267B2	Method of fabricating active layer of thin film transistor A manufacturing method of an active layer of a thin film transistor is provided. The method includes following steps. First a substrate is provided, and a semiconductor precursor solution is then prepared through a liquid process. Thereafter, the semiconductor precursor solution is provided on the substrate to form a semiconductor precursor thin film. After that, a light source is used to irradiate the semiconductor precursor thin film to remove residual solvent and allow the semiconductor precursor thin film to produce semiconductor property, so as to form a semiconductor active layer.
US07745265B2	Method of making three dimensional NAND memory A method of making a monolithic, three dimensional NAND string, includes forming a select transistor, forming a first memory cell over a second memory cell, forming a first word line for the first memory cell, forming a second word line for the second memory cell, forming a bit line, forming a source line, and forming a select gate line for the select transistor. The first and the second word lines are not parallel to the bit line, and the first and the second word lines extend parallel to at least one of the source line and the select gate line.
US07745264B2	Semiconductor chip with stratified underfill Various semiconductor chip underfills and methods of making the same are provided. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing is provided that includes coupling a semiconductor chip to a substrate to leave a gap therebetween, and forming an underfill layer in the gap. The underfill layer includes a first plurality of filler particles that have a first average size and a second plurality of filler particles that have a second average size smaller than the first average size such that the first plurality of filler particles is concentrated proximate the substrate and the second plurality of filler particles is concentrated proximate the semiconductor chip so that a bulk modulus of the underfill layer is larger proximate the substrate than proximate the semiconductor chip.
US07745263B2	System and method for routing supply voltages or other signals between side-by-side die and a lead frame for system in a package (SIP) devices An integrated circuit or chip includes a first die and a second die positioned on a lead frame of a package including a lead frame, such as a QFP, DIP, PLCC, TSOP, or any other type of package including a lead frame. The integrated circuit further includes a redistribution layer formed on the first die to couple selected bond fingers of the lead frame to selected bonding pads of the first and second die. The selected bond fingers may correspond to bond fingers that receive a first supply voltage or the first supply voltage and a second supply voltage.
US07745259B2	Layered chip package and method of manufacturing same A layered chip package includes: a main body including a plurality of layer portions; wiring disposed on a side surface of the main body; a plurality of first terminals disposed on a top surface of the main body; and a plurality of second terminals disposed on a bottom surface of the main body. Each layer portion includes a semiconductor chip, an insulating portion covering at least one side surface of the semiconductor chip, and a plurality of electrodes connected to the semiconductor chip. Each electrode has an end face surrounded by the insulating portion and located at the side surface of the main body on which the wiring is disposed. The wiring is connected to the end faces of the plurality of electrodes of the plurality of layer portions, and to the plurality of first and second terminals.
US07745256B2	Rectangular-shaped controlled collapse chip connection A rectangular-shaped controlled collapse chip connection (C4) is described. In one embodiment, there is a semiconductor chip package that comprises a semiconductor chip package substrate and a semiconductor chip having a plurality of rectangular-shaped C4 contacts attached thereto that connect the semiconductor chip to the semiconductor chip package substrate. The plurality of rectangular-shaped C4 contacts are arranged along a surface of the semiconductor chip in an orientation that extends radially from a center of the surface of the semiconductor chip.
US07745255B2	Bonding pad structure, electronic device having a bonding pad structure and methods of fabricating the same An electronic device having a bonding pad structure and a method of fabricating the same is provided. The electronic device may include a first bonding pads formed on the substrate. A second bonding pad may be formed on the lower insulating layer. The second bonding pads may be spaced apart from the first bonding pads. The second bonding pads may have a top surface formed at a higher level than the first bonding pads.
US07745253B2	Ribbon bonding in an electronic package A flexible conductive ribbon is ultrasonically bonded to the surface of a die and terminals from a lead frame of a package. Multiple ribbons and/or multiple bonded areas provide various benefits, such as high current capability, reduced spreading resistance, reliable bonds due to large contact areas, lower cost and higher throughput due to less areas to bond and test.
US07745251B2	Method of fabricating CMOS image sensor A method of manufacturing a complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. The method includes a step of performing a silicide process relative to a plug for transferring electrons generated from a photodiode. The silicide of the plug blocks light irradiated through the plug, so that the performance of the image sensor may be optimized.
US07745249B2	Multi-scale cantilever structures having nano sized holes and method of preparing the same Provided are a multi-scale cantilever structure having nano-sized holes prepared by anodic oxidation and a method of preparing the same. The multi-scale cantilever structure is prepared using anodic oxidation and electro-polishing so that a manufacturing process is simple and a manufacturing cost is inexpensive. In addition, the multi-scale cantilever structure has a porous structure having a plurality of nano-sized holes inside thereof, and thus a surface area of the cantilever structure can be maximized. Therefore, when the cantilever structure is used in a sensor, the sensor can have improved sensitivity and selectivity.
US07745238B2	Monitoring of temperature variation across wafers during processing A method of measuring temperature across wafers during semiconductor processing includes the step of providing a correlation between a peak wafer temperature during a processing step and a change in wafer surface charge or surface potential following the processing step. A first wafer to be characterized for its peak temperature spatial distribution during the processing step is processed through the processing step. The wafer surface charge or surface potential at a plurality of locations on the first wafer are measured following the processing step. A peak temperature spatial distribution for the first wafer is then determined based on the correlation and the wafer surface charge or surface potential measured in the measuring step.
US07745237B2	Pattern forming method and pattern forming system Method of forming a pattern by a nanoimprint technique starts with preparing a mold with nanostructures on its surface. The mold is pressed against a substrate or plate coated with a resin film. The positions of alignment marks formed on the rear surface of the plate coated with the resin film are detected. Thus, a relative alignment between the mold and the plate coated with the resin film is performed.
US07745231B2	Resistive memory cell fabrication methods and devices A phase change memory cell and methods of fabricating the same are presented. The memory cell includes a variable resistance region and a top and bottom electrode. The shapes of the variable resistance region and the top electrode are configured to evenly distribute a current with a generally hemispherical current density distribution around the first electrode.
US07745229B2	Chemoselective fluorgenic molecular linkers and methods for their preparation and use The present invention describes a bioconjugation strategy and compounds that are useful therein in which a fluorescent signal is produced when two molecular or supramolecular entities are linked by chemoselective combination of one linker having an azido or halide substituent group with another linker having a cyano or an alkyne substituent group. A kit is also provided.
US07745226B2	Methods for detecting vitamin D metabolites Provided are methods of detecting the presence or amount of a vitamin D metabolite in a sample using mass spectrometry. The methods generally comprise ionizing a vitamin D metabolite in a sample and detecting the amount of the ion to determine the presence or amount of the vitamin D metabolite in the sample. Also provided are methods to detect the presence or amount of two or more vitamin D metabolites in a single assay.
US07745225B2	Prognostic tests for development of dermal stretch marks and implications for the preventive treatment thereof Various methods of assessing the regenerative potential of dermal tissue in a patient may be determined and methods to determine the potential development of stretch marks in a patient are provided. Through the analysis of a series of dermal tissue samples, a method of monitoring the aging process of the dermal tissue of a patient is possible. Damaged or stretched marked skin may also be used in the development of various diagnostic therapies relating to the inducement of the extracellular matrix components of the skin due to the loss of elastic fibers generally found in stretch marked skin.
US07745224B2	Procedure for the standardization of coagulation tests The present invention lies in the field of coagulation diagnosis and relates to a procedure for the standardization of coagulation tests, where calibrators are used to which a discrete standard coagulation time is assigned. The procedure is particularly suitable for the standardization of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, ecarin time or batroxobin time.
US07745223B2	Device with novel and improved surface properties To increase the adhesion strength of coagulated blood on a surface by increasing the surface interaction of blood-inherent components like fibrin/fibrinogen and thrombocytes it is described to treat the surface by exposing it to ionized atoms or molecules. The surface treatment according to the invention is applied on plastic disposables used in blood diagnostics (e.g. hemostasis analysis) as well as medical implants like artery sealings. The improved blood clot adhesion results in higher diagnostic security due to reduced measurement failure (e.g., for patients with increased thrombocyte content) and in better significance of special tests (e.g., hyperfibrinolysis diagnosis).
US07745216B2	Methods and reagents for treating glucose metabolic disorders The invention relates to methods for potentiating, enhancing or restoring glucose responsivity in pancreatic islets or cells. The methods can be used as therapies for diseases caused by, or coincident with, aberrant glucose metabolism, such as Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
US07745212B2	Melanoma antigens and their use in diagnostic and therapeutic methods The present invention provides a nucleic acid sequence encoding a melanoma antigen recognized by T lymphocytes, designated MART-1. This invention further relates to bioassays using the nucleic acid sequence, protein or antibodies of this invention to diagnose, assess or prognoses a mammal afflicted with melanoma or metastata melanoma. This invention also provides immunogenic peptides derived from the MART-1 melanoma antigen and a second melanoma antigen designated gp100. This invention further provides immunogenic peptides derived from the MART-1 melanoma antigen or gp100 antigen which have been modified to enhance their immunogenicity. The proteins and peptides provided can serve as an immunogen or vaccine to prevent or treat melanoma.
US07745210B2	Fluid flow diverter for cell culture vessel A vessel for culturing of cells is disclosed. The vessel is capable of exhausting substantially all liquid material from the vessel's internal volume through an outlet port. A flange incorporated with the outlet port is utilized as a flow diverter for removing liquid media from internal surfaces of the vessel. The flange also engages the vessel body so that the flow of a liquid medium is directed outward from the internal surfaces of the vessel through the outlet port. The top surface, flange base, and planar surfaces of the flange further assist to redirect surface tension of the fluid toward the port.
US07745209B2	Multilayered cell culture apparatus A multilayered cell culture apparatus for the culturing of cells is disclosed. The cell culture apparatus is defined as an integral structure having a plurality of cell culture chambers in combination with tracheal space(s). The body of the apparatus has imparted therein gas permeable membranes in combination with tracheal spaces that will allow the free flow of gases between the cell culture chambers and the external environment. The flask body. also includes an aperture that will allow access to the cell growth chambers by means of a needle or cannula. The size of the apparatus, and location of an optional neck and cap section, allows for its manipulation by standard automated assay equipment, further making the apparatus ideal for high throughput applications.
US07745208B2	Angled reaction vessel The invention is an apparatus and a process for treating biomass bearing material including municipal solid waste (MSW). The apparatus includes a reaction vessel held at an angle and configured for rotation and steam injection, with helically arranged internal flights, a self-aligning door closure, and a swing-away door assembly. It also includes a novel structure for shredding biomass bearing material attached to the edges of the flights. This structure is a number of projecting tooth like points and paddles.
US07745206B2	AFM for simultaneous recognition of multiple factors An atomic force microscope and a method for detecting interactions between a probe and two or more sensed agents on a scanned surface and determining the relative location of two or more sensed agents is provided. The microscope has a scanning probe with a tip that is sensitive to two or more sensed agents on said scanned surface; two or more sensing agents tethered to the tip of the probe; and a device for recording the displacement of said probe tip as a function of time, topographic images, and the spatial location of interactions between said probe and the two or more sensed agents on said surface.
US07745205B2	Container for carrying out and monitoring biological processes A thermal cycling method and device is disclosed. The device comprises a sample chamber whose temperature can be rapidly and accurately modulated over a range of temperatures needed to carry out a number of biological procedures, such as the DNA polymerase chain reaction. Biological samples are placed in containers each comprising a reservoir and a reaction portion, wherein the reaction portion has a small volume. The small volume reaction portion permits the rapid and accurate temperature modulation. With an optically transmissible reaction portion, DNA amplification may be monitored by fluorescence during PCR.
US07745202B2	Detergent made use of fermentation technology and production method thereof A process for producing soap is provided, which includes effective microorganisms (EM) and EM-X ceramic powder, which are added to enhance the degree of saponification of fat, strengthen the cleaning power, and to provide a detergent that is capable of proliferating effective microorganisms in sewage water after washing and cleaning the sewage water, and which exhibits an effect as a water purification material after washing. Effective microorganisms (EM) including mainly facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria and EM-X ceramic powder are added in the process of producing the soap, thereby, the treated material obtained according to the present invention exhibits an environmental purification effect as a substrate of benign microorganisms or a microorganism material.
US07745199B2	Bacterial consortium NBC2000 and method for biologically treating endocrine disrupters using the NBC2000 Disclosed is a novel bacterial consortium comprise bacterial strains useful for effectively treating endocrine disrupters and a method for treating endocrine disrupters using the same. The invention provides a method for biologically restoring soils, wastes and water, etc. which are polluted with chlorinated compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), dioxin, pentachlorophenol (PCP), perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), etc., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and petroleum-tar acids, and toluene which are all known as representative endocrine disrupters.
US07745191B2	Method of producing heterodimer derivative of protein phosphatase type 2A enzyme The purpose of the invention is to provide an activated protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in large quantities with high purity by a genetic engineering and to provide a method for producing a heterodimer derivative of PP2A which comprises infecting insect cultured cells with a baculovirus in which a cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of PP2A carrying a first tag is integrated together with another baculovirus in which a cDNA encoding the A subunit of PP2A carrying a second tag is integrated, incubating the infected cells, disrupting the incubated cells to obtain a disrupted cell suspension, and then purifying the disrupted cell suspension with a solid phase carrying a substance capable of binding to the first tag and another solid phase carrying a substance capable of binding to the second tag, characterized in that the insect cells infected with the baculovirus are incubated at a temperature of from 18 to 22° C.
US07745189B2	Regulatable growth of filamentous fungi The present invention generally relates to hyphal growth in fungi and in particular describes the modulation of genes associated with hyphal growth in filamentous fungi. The present invention provides methods and systems for the production of proteins and/or chemicals from filamentous fungi which comprise modulation of genes associated with hyphal growth. Specifically, the present invention is directed to a full length cotA gene, its gene product and methods of use.
US07745186B2	Ribulose, 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase polypeptides and related polynucleotides The present invention relates to novel ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase polypeptides and the polynucleotides that encode them. The invention also provides related host cells and methods.
US07745182B2	Method for producing β-hydroxy amino acid and enzyme used therefor A method for producing β-hydroxy amino acid and its optically-active isomer is provided. The β-hydroxy amino acid is produced by reacting a predetermined D-α-amino acid and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolic acid in the presence of an enzyme derived from a microorganism belonging to the genera Paracoccus, Aminobacter, or Ensifer.
US07745176B2	IL-21 production in prokaryotic hosts The expression vectors and methods using an E. coli expression system for the large scale production of IL-21 are described. The vectors utilize the IL-21 coding sequence with specific changes in nucleotides in order to optimize codons and mRNA secondary structure for translation in E. coli. Using the expression vectors, the IL-21 gene was produced in E. coli to a level of greater than 1 g/L in fed batch fermentation. Also included are OmpT deficient E. coli strains transformed with an IL-21 expression vector.
US07745173B2	Histone deacetylase and methods of use thereof The present invention provides nucleic acid molecules that encode histone deacetylase, as well as recombinant vectors and host cells that include the subject nucleic acid molecules. Also provided are histone deacetylase polypeptide compositions. The histone deacteylase nucleic acid molecules are useful in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications, which are also provided.
US07745172B2	Method for producing α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine-β-ester and method for producing α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine-α-methyl ester A method for producing an α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine-β-ester (also named α-L-(β-o-substituted aspartyl)-L-phenylalanine), which is an intermediate of an α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine-α-methyl ester (also named α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester; product name: aspartame), easily, at high yield and inexpensively without going through a complex synthesis method is provided. Further, an easy, inexpensive and high-yield production method for an α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine-α-methyl ester is provided. α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine-α-methyl ester is produced from a L-aspartic acid-α,β-diester and L-phenylalanine using an enzyme or enzyme-containing substance that has an ability to catalyze a reaction in which L-phenylalanine performs no nucleophilic attack on a β-ester site of L-aspartic acid-α,β-diester but performs a nucleophilic attack on an α-ester site thereof.
US07745170B2	Process for producing carotenoid compound The present invention relates to a process for producing zeaxanthin, β-carotene, or lycopene, comprising inducing mutation in a carotenoid-producing microorganism in which the base sequence of DNA corresponding to 16S ribosomal RNA is substantially homologous to the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1; screening for a mutant strain having a high product proportion of zeaxanthin, β-carotene, or lycopene to the whole production amount of carotenoids to provide a microorganism producing zeaxanthin, β-carotene, or lycopene; culturing the mutant microorganism; and harvesting zeaxanthin, β-carotene, lycopene or a carotenoid mixture containing the same from the resultant culture.
US07745169B2	Device and method for the detection and enumeration of multiple groups of microorganisms A device and method simultaneously detects and enumerates two groups of microorganisms in a test sample, utilizing a single test container. In the container liquid growth media, a chromogenic substrate and a fluorogenic substrate are mixed with the test sample. The test container is incubated to allow bacterial growth and metabolism. Spectral changes of the substrates are dynamically detected using two external light sources aimed at a transparent section of the test container, and a single external photo detector. One light source operates in the visible band and the second in the long ultraviolet band. The two dynamic time patterns generated by the two substrates are analyzed in real time to determine the presence or absence of each microorganisms group and to enumerate their original concentrations in the test sample.
US07745168B2	Method for selectively staining chitin-containing organisms The present invention provides a method for the staining of fungi and microsporidia for observation with a light microscope based upon the presence of chitin in the composition of these organisms. With the method of the present invention a sample to be analyzed is treated with a solution of Ponceau S and Stains-all dye. The sample is then selectively decolorized and rinsed. The resulting sample is examined with a light microscope, or photographed for a permanent record, to identify the presence of a variety of microorganisms, to include fungi and microsporidia.
US07745167B2	Fiber-optic probes and methods of measuring biological materials A method for monitoring fluid media, such as a dynamic biological system, in a biological reactor containing developing culture fluid media. The method includes the step of directing light into the fluid media by way of one or more optical fibers to produce an illuminated fluid media and then measuring the intensity of light reflected from the illuminated fluid media by way of one or more optical fibers, the optical fibers being partitioned from the fluid media by a transparent window having inner and outer surfaces; the fibers having ends terminating adjacent to and confronting the inner surface of the window and extending in a direction away from the window, the corresponding ends of the fibers being radially and circumferentially spaced from one another, the corresponding ends of the fibers having converging and intersecting longitudinal projections therefrom, the intersecting longitudinal projections from the fibers being entirely within the window. Additionally, a fiber-optic probe is discussed.
US07745165B2	Phosphatase associated with metastasis Among the genes identified, in a comparison of the global gene expression profile of metastatic colorectal cancer to that of primary cancers, benign colorectal tumors, and normal colorectal epithelium, the PRL-3 protein tyrosine phosphatase gene was of particular interest. It was expressed at high levels in each of 18 cancer metastases studied but at lower levels in non-metastatic tumors and normal colorectal epithelium. In three of twelve metastases examined, multiple copies of the PRL-3 gene were found within a small amplicon located at chromosome 8q24.3. These data suggest that the PRL-3 gene is important for colorectal cancer metastasis and provides a new therapeutic target for these intractable lesions.
US07745164B2	Methods of modulating apoptosis using inhibitors of brain-localized protein kinases homologous to homeodomain-interacting protein kinases The invention provides isolated protein kinase polypeptides related to novel brain-localized protein kinases homologous to known homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs), isolated nucleic acid molecules that encode these polypeptides, inhibitors, and methods related thereto. The novel polypeptides and nucleic acid molecules of the invention are termed HIPK4. The invention also provides genetically engineered expression vectors, host cells, and transgenic animals comprising the novel nucleic acid molecules of the invention. The invention additionally provides antisense and RNAi molecules to the nucleic acid molecules of the invention, as well as inhibitors, activators, and antibodies capable of binding to the protein kinase polypeptides of the invention. The invention further provides uses of HIPK4 and its inhibitors, e.g., mutants of HIPK4 lacking protein kinase activity, for modulation of apoptosis, as well as the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders and cancers.
US07745163B2	Method for identifying acetyltransferase substrates The present invention is directed to a method of identifying an acetyltransferase substrate in a sample that includes the steps of: (a) contacting the sample with (i) a reagent comprising a thiol-containing compound, a halo-acetyl-CoA or a halo-acetyl-pantetheine, and (ii) an acetyltransferase, under conditions suitable for acetyltransferase enzyme activity, and (b) identifying a substrate that has formed a base-stable covalent bond to the reagent, wherein the reagent is labeled with a label and/or the acetyltransferase is labeled with an affinity tag, and the substrate is the acetyltransferase substrate.
US07745160B2	Method of amplifying ATP and use thereof The ATP amplification method of the present invention is a method for amplifying and detecting a very trace amount of exogenous ATP by allowing a fusion protein (PPK-ADK) of a polyphosphate kinase and an adenylate kinase, the fusion protein not containing ADP, to act on a mixture of ATP, AMP, and a polyphosphate compound. The present invention also provides an ultrasensitive ATP amplification method by which ATP at a single cell level can be amplified and detected, and an ultrasensitive microbial assay based on this ATP amplification method.
US07745157B2	Human lymphocyte medium adjuvant The present invention relates to an adjuvant derived from human lymphocytes. The adjuvant can be used in combination with traditional vaccines or cancer immunotherapy, to enhance the response of the patient's immune system to the vaccine or other immunotherapeutic agent. The adjuvant is derived from the supernatant collected from cultured activated lymphocytes.
US07745147B2	Methods and uses of antibodies in the purification of interferon The present invention provides improved methods and uses of an immunoglobulin in the purification of an interferon composition. The methods of the invention provide for the use of a monoclonal antibody in the purification of an interferon composition comprising a plurality of interferon alpha subtypes. The use of the monoclonal antibody provides for the production of an interferon composition with a consistent proportion of interferon subtypes, providing a resulting improvement in simplicity of production of the resulting interferon composition.
US07745146B2	Compositions and methods for diagnosing patients with acute atherosclerotic syndrome The present invention is in the field of autoimmunity. More specifically, the present invention relates to the detection of autoantibodies to domain 4 of beta 2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) as an indicator for atherosclerosis.
US07745144B2	Peptides and their utility in modulation of behavior of cells expressing α3β1 integrins The present invention relates to a peptide comprising the sequence R1—X1—X2—X3—X4—R2, wherein X1 is selected from the group consisting of N, Q, D and S; X2 is selected from the group consisting of V, I and L; X1 is selected from the group consisting of R and K; and X4 is selected from the group consisting of V, I, L and F; R1 is a hydrogen or a peptide of 1 to 6 amino acids, and acyl or an aryl group; and R2 is a peptide of 1 to 3 amino acids, a hydroxide or an amide. The invention also relates to partial or full retro-inverso peptides comprising the above sequences. The invention also relates to peptide-substrate combination comprising a substrate suitable for cell growth and the peptide of the invention, and to a vascular graft and an artificial blood vessel comprising the peptide-substrate combination. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition and a peptide conjugate comprising the peptide of the invention. The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting adhesion of a cell expressing α3β1 integrin to an extracellular matrix, inhibiting α3β1-integrin-mediated cell motility, inhibiting α3β1-integrin mediated cell proliferation, promoting α3β1-integrin mediated cell proliferation and inhibiting angiogenesis utilizing the peptides of the invention.
US07745136B1	Direct quantification of ribosome inactivating protein A method for detecting ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) activity in a sample is provided that involves contacting a sample that contains an RIP with an inventive substrate that is depurinated to form product. The product is hybridized to a template and cleaved by an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease such that releasing the blocked 3′ end only in a sample that contains RIP activity. The 5′ end of the product serves as a primer for extension by a polymerase reaction. The newly synthesized strand complementary to the template is detected by RT-PCR processes. A kit is provided suitable for field or laboratory use.
US07745135B2	Method for detecting reaction product of nucleic acid synthesis A method for detecting the occurrence of nucleic acid syntheses using an enzyme through the use of a generated insoluble substance as an indicator.
US07745134B2	Predicting post-treatment survival in cancer patients with microRNAs This invention provides a method for predicting the post-treatment survival prospect of a cancer patient based on the expression level(s) of microRNAs hsa-miR137, hsa-miR372, hsa-miR182*, hsa-miR221, and hsa-let-7a in that cancer patient.
US07745133B2	Determining a predisposition to cancer The present invention relates to methods and kits for determining a predisposition for developing cancer, e.g., prostate and/or breast cancer, due to a germline mutation of a NBS1 gene. The present invention also relates to surveillance protocols for developing cancer, e.g., prostate and/or breast cancer, due to germline mutation of a NBS1 gene.
US07745132B1	Prognostic indicators of canine lymphoid neoplasia using tumor-derived plasma DNA A method of identifying an animal having a disease or condition without clinical symptoms includes detecting an elevated level of plasma DNA from blood or a blood fraction from the animal. In particular, the disease or condition can be a lymphoid neoplastic disease. Also, the plasma DNA can comprise a tumor-derived plasma DNA. In certain embodiments, the evaluation of the blood or blood fraction from the animal for the mutation assists in the identification of the disease or condition and/or its prognosis in the animal.
US07745122B2	Analyzing messenger RNA and micro RNA in the same reaction mixture The present teachings provide methods, compositions, and kits for performing primer extension reactions on at least two target polynucleotides in the same reaction mixture. In some embodiments, a reverse transcription reaction is performed on a first target polynucleotide with a hot start primer comprising a self-complementary stem and a loop, and extension products form at high temperatures but extension products form less so at low temperatures since the self-complementary stem of the hot start primer prevents hybridization of the target specific region to the target. However, non-hot start primers with free target specific regions can hybridize to their corresponding targets at the low temperature and extension can happen at the low temperature.
US07745119B2	System for detecting polynucleotides The present invention relates to methods for detecting the presence or amount of a target polynucleotide. A polynucleotide, target nucleic acid analog, and dye are combined to form a mixture. The optical property of the dye is observed after the mixture is exposed to a stimulating means. Optionally, after the stimulating means is employed, the mixture is compared to a reference value characteristic of the rate of change in the optical property of the dye in a similar mixture containing a known amount of a target polynucleotide/nucleic acid analog hybrid to determine a relative rate of change in the optical property. The change in a property of the mixture after exposure thereof to a stimulating means or the relative rate of change in the optical property of dye in the mixture is correlated with the presence or amount of the specified target polynucleotide in the sample.
US07745111B2	Molecular markers of plant embryogenesis The present invention relates generally to a molecular marker for a plant physiological process and more particularly for plant embryogenesis. The molecular marker is, in one form, a genetic sequence from a monocot plant such as but not limited to oil-palm plants. In another form, the molecular marker is a polypeptide encoded by said genetic sequence. More particularly, the molecular marker of the present invention enables embryogenic tissue to be detected in vitro. The early detection of embryogenic tissue enables non-embryogenic tissue to be discarded. The ability to detect embryogenesis facilitates maximization of embryogenic potential. The present invention further contemplates a molecular marker comprising in one form a sequence of nucleotides encoding an antioxidant or in another form a sequence of amino acids defining a polypeptide having antioxidant activity. The antioxidant according to this aspect of the present invention is particularly useful in tablet or cream form as an anti-aging agent. The molecular markers of the present invention therefore also have uses in the inhibition or retardation of apoptotic processes. Such an effect has benefits in both plant and animal cells. The present invention further contemplates a promoter sequence encoding the molecular marker and its use in generating male sterile plants.
US07745109B2	Regulation of cell growth by MUC1 The invention features a method of identifying a compound that inhibits (a) the physical interaction (binding) between MUC1 and tumor progressors (e.g., β-catenin, c-Src, EGF-R, p120ctn, or PKCδ) and/or (b) phosphorylation of MUC1 by tumor progressors with kinase activity (e.g., c-Src, EGF-R, or PKCδ). The invention also includes a method of inhibiting an interaction between MUC1 and β-catenin and a method of inhibiting expression of MUC1 or a tumor progressor in a cell.
US07745108B2	Method for identifying terpene synthase The present invention provides a method of identifying an enzyme, the method generally involving contacting a sample containing an enzyme with a selected enzyme substrate, where the contacting provides for covalent binding of the substrate to an amino acid of the enzyme to form a covalently modified enzyme; and determining the amino acid sequence of at least a portion of the covalently modified enzyme, using any available peptide sequencing technology, such as tandem mass spectrometry. The present invention further provides methods of identifying a nucleic acid encoding an enzyme, the methods generally involving identifying an enzyme; and, based on the amino acid sequence of at least a portion of the enzyme, designing nucleic acid probes or primers that hybridize to the nucleic acid encoding the enzyme.
US07745102B2	Immersion fluids for lithography Compositions for use as immersion fluids are described. In general, the immersion fluids can be utilized to perform lithography at short wavelengths (e.g., in a range from about 120 nm to about 260 nm). Some embodiments can be used in a range of actinic radiation between about 140 nm and about 160 nm (e.g., about 157 nm). Immersion fluids can exhibit any number of advantageous features including a relatively high index of refraction (e.g., greater than about 1, or greater than about 1.3, or about greater than about 1.4) and/or a relatively low absorbance (e.g., lower than about 2 μm−1, or lower than about 1 μm−1, or lower than about 0.5 μm−1). Some immersion fluids can include silicon-containing compounds and/or germanium containing compounds. Such compounds can include at least one Ge—O bond or at least one Si—O bond. Such compounds can also include one or more fluorinated moieties.

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