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Method and apparatus for the destructive decomposition of organic wastes without air pollution and with recovery of chemical byproducts

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专利汇可以提供Method and apparatus for the destructive decomposition of organic wastes without air pollution and with recovery of chemical byproducts专利检索,专利查询,专利分析的服务。并且Organic material, such as kraft black liquor, wood residues, organic fuels and garbage or other organic wastes, is destructively distilled and pyrolyzed at elevated temperatures and for a time sufficient to break down the material to noncombustible solids and a stable, clean-burning gaseous fuel. Said destructive distillation and pyrolysis steps can be effected in a single stage, though preferably they are conductive in successive stages. Valuable organic products can be recovered from the first stage effluent by condensation or otherwise between these stages. The temperature during pyrolysis is maintained at a high enough level and for a time sufficient to preclude undesirable recombination of intermediate products, formed during pyrolysis, to compounds which would otherwise pollute the atmosphere. A controlled amount of oxygen, which can take the form of malodorous emission gases such as those engendered in the operation of a kraft mill or other industrial plant, for example, is continuously introduced during pyrolysis to provide energy by exothermic oxidative reactions. However, the oxygen so employed is insufficient to effect stoichiometric or, in other words, complete combustion of the reaction mixture. Further, the content of water vapor in the pyrolysis zone where cracking is occurring is maintained at a level high enough to insure that carbon particles in said zone will react with water to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The invention described herein was made in the performance of work under research grants from the United States Public Health Service.,下面是Method and apparatus for the destructive decomposition of organic wastes without air pollution and with recovery of chemical byproducts专利的具体信息内容。

  • 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said cracking temperature is above about 800*C.
  • 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said pyrolysis is initiated in a first enclosed pyrolysis zone which is in communication with a second enclosed pyrolysis zone containing said excess water vapor and wherein said cracking temperature is maintained to form said gaseous fuel.
  • 4. The method of claim 3 wherein products are recovered from the effluent from said first enclosed pyrolysis zone and wherein the residue of said elluent is then passed into said second enclosed pyrolysis zone.
  • 5. The method of claim 3 wherein external heat is applied to said first pyrolysis zone, and a portion of said gaseous end product is the source of said external heat.
  • 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said fuel is subsequently burned to produce energy.
  • 7. The method of claim 1 wherein oxygen is introduced into said zone in an amount sufficient to maintain said cracking temperature and render said pyrolysis self-sustaining but less than that required for complete stoichiometric combustion of said material.
  • 8. The method of claim 7 wherein said oxygen is preheated , and said gaseous end product is the source of said preheating.
  • 9. The method of claim 7 wherein said pyrolysis is initiated in a first enclosed pyrolysis zone which is in communication with a second pyrolysis zone containing said excess water vapor and wherein said cracking temperature is maintained to form said gaseous fuel, and the oxygen is introduced into said second zone in an amount sufficient to maintain a cracking temperature of above about 800*C. but less than that required for complete stoichiometric combustion of said material, said material in said first zone is heated indirectly by external heat, and a portion of said gaseous fuel is burned to provide such external heat applied to said first zone. Pg,25
  • 10. The method of claim 1 wherein said organic material is selected from the group consisting of fossil fuel and organic wastes.
  • 11. The method of claim 1 wherein said organic material is kraft black liquor and said cracking temperature is such as to form essentially molecular hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide as the components of said fuel, along with water vapor, said fuel is burned as a source of energy, and prior to said burning, the hydrogen sulfide is removed therefrom by absorbtion.
  • 12. The method of processing kraft black liquor material which comprises effecting destructive distillation and pyrolysis thereof in an enclosed zone at an elevated cracking temperature and for sufficient time to form an essentially inorganic smelt and a stable clean burning fuel containing at least 10 mole percent water vapor as the gaseous end product to insure that carbon particles will react with water to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen and which contains hydrogen sulfide, preventing recombination reactions of intermediate products comprising carbon free radicals to prevent formation of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and polynuclear aromatic atmospheric pollutants by maintaining said temperature during such destructive distillation and pyrolysis, allowing said fuel to discharge from said zone, removing the hydrogen sulfide from said fuel by absorption and discharging said smelt from said zone.
  • 13. The method of claim 12 wherein sodium sulfide is recovered from the smelt, wherein sulfur is recovered from the absorbed hydrogen sulfide, and wherein said sodium sulfide and sulfur are reacted together to produce sodium polysulfide.
  • 14. The method of claim 12 wherein said pyrolysis is initiated in a first enclosed pyrolysis zone to which external heat is applied, the black liquor is evaporated to solids in said first zone, and said stable fuel is formed in a second enclosed pyrolysis zone in communication with said first zone.
  • 15. The method of claim 14 wherein organic products are recovered by condensation from the gaseous portion of the effluent from said first enclosed pyrolysis zone and wherein uncondensed gases, along with said solids formed in said zone, are then passed into said second enclosed pyrolysis zone.
  • 16. A method for pyrolyzing malodorous sulfur-containing emission gases from a kraft wood pulping mill process comprising: introducing said emission gases into a pyrolysis unit for the continuous treatment of organic materials to remove pollutants and retaining said emission gases in said unit for a time sufficient to convert substantially all sulfur in said sulfur containing gases to hydrogen sulfide.
  • 17. A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein said continuous treatment is accomplished in a two-stage pyrolysis unit, said introduction being directed into the second unit thereof.
  • 18. The method of preventing formation of atmospheric pollutants and forming a stable clean burning gaseous fuel in the combustion of organic material, which comprises effecting destructive distillation and pyrolysis of said material by initiating the pyrolysis in an enclosed pyrolysis zone communicating with a second enclosed pyrolysis zone having an elevated cracking temperature of above about 800*C. and in which the material is pyrolyized for a sufficient time in the presence of an excess amount of water vapor to effect reaction of carbon particles with water to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen and to form as the gaseous end product said stable clean burning fuel containing at least 10 mole percent water vapor to insure said excess amount thereof, maintaining said temperature in said second zone to preclude recombination reactions of intermediate products comprising carbon free radicals formed during such destructive distillation and pyrolysis and thus prevent formation of gaseous saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and polynuclear aromatic pollutants, introducing oxygen into said second zone at substantially a point source to effect continuous and substantially entire consumption thereof in a limited combustion area and thereby preclude build up of free oxygen in the pyrolyizing gases and to maintain reducing conditions in said second zone, the amount of oxygen being sufficient to maintain said cracking temperature of above about 800*C. and render said pyrolysis self-sustaining but less than that required for complete stoichiometric combustion of said material, and allowing such stable clean burning fuel to discharge from said second zone.
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